| 有机物料深耕还田改善石灰性黑钙土化学性质提高玉米产量 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 王秋菊,高中超,焦峰,刘峰,常本超,刘颖.有机物料深耕还田改善石灰性黑钙土化学性质提高玉米产量[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(14):110-115. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 王秋菊 高中超 焦峰 刘峰 常本超 刘颖 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1. 黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,哈尔滨,150086
2. 黑龙江八一农垦大学,大庆,163319 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201303126）；黑龙江省重大科技招标项目（GA14B101-A4） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 为明确不同深耕方式和有机物料配施还田对石灰性黑钙土化学性质影响及持续改土效果,在黑龙江省安达市石灰性黑钙土上开展了深松、秸秆心土还田、秸秆心土还田+鸡粪3种深耕处理对土壤p H值、盐基离子、有效氮、磷、钾和玉米持续增产效果研究,并与常规耕作进行了比较。结果表明:深耕处理可以改变土壤酸碱度及盐基离子浓度,明显降低土壤p H值,降低幅度分别为0.59~0.96,土壤的水溶性钾、水溶性钠、HCO3-离子质量分数降低幅度分别为0.9~6.9、79.6~272.1、19.5~46.6 mg/kg,提高水溶性钙离子质量分数,幅度为36.5~125.6 6 mg/kg,土壤p H值与水溶性钠、HCO3-离子含量显著正相关,与土壤水溶性钙离子含量呈显著负相关;深耕处理可提高深层土壤有效氮、磷、钾含量,在20~50 cm土层,各处理土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量高于对照,顺序为秸秆心土还田+鸡粪秸秆心土还田深松对照,其中秸秆心土还田+鸡粪处理对土壤有效氮、磷、钾影响最明显,高于对照幅度分别为13.5~36.0、2.4~4.1、41.2~71.3 mg/kg;深耕可以增加玉米产量,不同深耕技术增产效果不同,秸秆心土还田和秸秆心土还田+鸡粪处理一次改土后,连续3a均表现增产趋势,秸秆心土还田+鸡粪改土后第1年比对照增加47.1%,第2年和第3年分别比对照增产25.2%和24.7%,3a平均比对照增产32.3%,效果显著,秸秆心土还田处理与对照相比增产效果不如秸秆心土还田+鸡粪处理,第1、2和3年增产分别为11.2%、9.8%和18.1%,3a平均增产11.3%,深松处理增产效果在不同年份表现不一致,第1年没有增产,第2年增产6.3%,第3年增产14.3%,3a平均增产6.2%;从土壤化学性质的变化及改土后玉米产量看出,秸秆心土还田+鸡粪处理是比较适合石灰性黑钙土改良的耕作措施。
|
| 关 键 词： | 土壤 化学性质 作物 石灰性黑钙土 深耕 有机物料 玉米产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/6/18 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 7/1/2015 12:00:00 AM |
Organic materials returning to field and deep tillage improving chemical properties of calcic chernozem and increasing crop yield |
| |
| Wang Qiuju,Gao Zhongchao,Jiao Feng,Liu Feng,Chang Benchao and Liu Ying.Organic materials returning to field and deep tillage improving chemical properties of calcic chernozem and increasing crop yield[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(14):110-115. |
| |
| Authors: | Wang Qiuju Gao Zhongchao Jiao Feng Liu Feng Chang Benchao and Liu Ying |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China,1. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China,2. Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China,1. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China,1. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China and 1. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Abstract: Calcaric chernozem is widely distributed in the mid-western area of Songnen Plain in Heilongjiang Province, China, and it occurs along with carbonate carbonate saline-alkali soil. There are many sodium ions or bicarbonate ions in this kind of soil, and the pH value of the soil is high, more than 8.2, which limits plant growth. The Songnen Plain is located in the semi-arid area and the annual precipitation is less than 500 mm; soil evaporation is more than precipitation in dry season, and a large number of sodium ions (Na+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) rises up to the soil surface with soil capillarity and crystallization on the soil surface as the secondary soil salinization, which limits plant growth and its yield. Many researches have been reported for the improvement of this calcareous chernozem, but they are only concentrated with the reduction of soil pH value. We are here concerned with the returning of crop residue into subsoil as organic matter, proper crop rotation and cultivation technics. A test field was constructed in Anda, Songnen Plain, Heilongjiang Province. This paper dealt with the chemical properties with different deep tillage technics such as pH value, base cations, soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). We tested 3 kinds of deep tillage technics: deep loosing (DL), tillage with straw return in subsoil (TSR) and tillage with straw and chicken manure return in subsoil (TSCR), and the fields here were generally tilled by traditional powered rotary (CK). Each test field was 2 800 m2, and TSR and TSCR were cultivated by our soil displacing plough. The main results showed that the pH value and the contents of water-solution K+, Na+ and HCO3- decreased, and Ca2+ increased in each test field of deep tillage, water-solution Na+, HCO3- and pH value in soil had significantly positive correlation, water-solution Ca2+ and pH value had significantly negative correlation; N, P and K increased in deep soil layers, soil available N, P and K in the deep tillage were greater than those in CK in 20-50 cm depth, the order was TSCR?TSR?DL?CK, and the effect of TSCR treatment was the strongest on the soil N, P and K; and the corn yield significantly increased. The increase of the crop yield under the TSCR continued for 3 years, in the first year, the crop yield increased by 47.1% and in the second year, 25.2% and in the third year 24.7% respectively, and 32.3% was the average value for the 3 years. The effect of TSR was less than that of TSCR and in first year, and the increase of crop yield was 11.2%, 9.8% in the second year and 18.1% in the third year respectively, with the average value of 11.3% for the 3 yields. The effect of the DL treatment was the poorest and the increase of crop yield was zero in the first year, 6.3% in the second year and 14.3% in the third year respectively, with the average value of 6.2% for the 3 years. As a result, the TSCR was the most suitable for Calcic Chernozem. |
| |
| Keywords: | soils chemical properties crops calcic chernozem deep tillage organic materials corn yield |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
