| 稻麦联合收获开沟埋草多功能一体机喷菌装置的设计及试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 方志超,陈玉仑,丁为民,刘玉涛,秦宽,李雪.稻麦联合收获开沟埋草多功能一体机喷菌装置的设计及试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(14):32-38. |
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| 作者姓名： | 方志超 陈玉仑 丁为民 刘玉涛 秦宽 李雪 |
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| 作者单位： | 南京农业大学工学院,南京,210031 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划项目资助（2013BAD08B04） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对秸秆集沟还田模式下稻麦联合收获开沟埋草多功能一体机开沟埋草作业后,入沟秸秆较难腐解影响田间中期管理的问题,结合该机结构参数和工作特点,设计了喷菌装置与该机集成,对秸秆喷施生物菌促使其快速腐解。试验表明:喷菌装置不影响一体机各功能的正常工作,作业速度为0.27 m/s时喷菌雾滴连续,秸秆表面覆盖率为67.50%,对20 cm层的秸秆穿透率达43.49%,比普通背负式喷雾器分别高出74.9%和347.4%,性能优势明显。观察期内喷菌处理对秸秆的腐解率最佳达74.6%,比未喷菌处理的12.8%提高482.8%。该研究为秸秆集沟还田一体机的适用性和秸秆集沟还田的进一步推广提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业机械 农作物 设计 秸秆还田 生物菌 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/4/15 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2015/6/29 0:00:00 |
Design and test of bacteria spraying device for harvest ditch and stalk-disposing machine |
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| Fang Zhichao,Chen Yulun,Ding Weimin,Liu Yutao,Qin Kuan and Li Xue.Design and test of bacteria spraying device for harvest ditch and stalk-disposing machine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(14):32-38. |
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| Authors: | Fang Zhichao Chen Yulun Ding Weimin Liu Yutao Qin Kuan and Li Xue |
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| Institution: | College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China,College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China,College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China,College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China,College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China and College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: In the rice-wheat crop rotation and double cropping area, there is a new straw-returning method named collecting straw to return to the ditch (CSRD). It can absorb nutrients, increase the field fertilizer input and promote the crop yield as well as realize the carbon sequestration and emission reduction. The CSRD adapts well to the full amount of straw returning. Based on this returning method, a multifunctional machine was developed, which could realize ditching, harvesting and straw returning simultaneously. But the long-term practice showed that the straw collected and returned into ditch by the multifunctional machine was difficult to be decomposed timely due to its stable internal environment. This problem not only affects the normal growth of the crop beside the ditch, but also obstructs the mid-term field managements. Thus, on the basis of the catalytic straw-decomposition characteristics of bacteria (yeast, actinomycetes, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis) and the structure of the multifunctional machine, a new device of bacteria spray was designed to address this problem. The spray device would spray bacteria solution with a concentration of 154 mL/L to prompt straw decomposition when the straw was collected into the ditch. In the performance test, Ponceau-S solution was used to simulate and trace the droplet motion of bacteria solution. To evaluate spray penetration and coverage results, several pictures were taken at 5 different straw layers, i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm. The straw decomposing rate was calculated by using the mesh bag weighing method. In order to be helpful to the comparison of the performance, the same method was used when adopting the common knapsack sprayer. The results showed that the multifunctional machine coupled with bacteria spray device could work synchronously and coordinately because of a reasonable configuration. The nozzles (rotary cage centrifugal atomizers) were not jammed during working process, and the nozzles were suitable to the bacteria solution. In terms of working performance, when the multifunctional machine was operated at the speed of 0.27 m/s, there was a continuous and uniform liquid droplet of bacteria. The spray coverage rates at different layers were 67.5%, 37.4%, 39.4%, 32.2% and 18.6%, respectively. When it came to the common knapsack sprayer, the spray coverage rates were 38.6%, 4.8%, 2.9%, 4.0% and 3.8%, respectively. It showed that the performance of multifunctional machine coupled with bacteria spray device was better than the common knapsack sprayer, while the average loss rate outside the ditch with the new spray device was 21.3% which was slightly higher than the common knapsack sprayer. Through the comprehensive comparison, it could be concluded that the performance of the bacteria sprayer of the multifunctional machine was superior to the common knapsack sprayer. Finally, several contrast tests were used to evaluate the decomposition rate with different spray rates, and when the spray rate was 0.078 L/kg, the decomposition rate of the straw was the maximum and tended to be stable with the travel speed of 0.27 m/s. This result can serve as the guidance for the bacteria solution spraying under this working condition. This study provides a new way to extend the function of the multifunctional machine, and it provides a technical support for the further research on the promotion of CSRD as well. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural machinery crops design straw returning biological bacterium |
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