| 种植行距与灌水量对西北日光温室番茄生育和产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴宣毅,曹红霞,郝舒雪,王虎兵.种植行距与灌水量对西北日光温室番茄生育和产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(24):81-89. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴宣毅 曹红霞 郝舒雪 王虎兵 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院/旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，杨凌 712100,西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院/旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，杨凌 712100,西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院/旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，杨凌 712100,西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院/旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，杨凌 712100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家863计划（2013AA103004）；陕西省水利科技计划项目（2014slkj-17）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2452016074） |
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| 摘 要： | 研究膜下滴灌番茄不同种植行距与灌水量对番茄生育及产量的影响,试验在大小行沟垄种植形式的基础上设置3种种植行距分别为L1(60cm)、L2(45cm)和L3(30cm);以蒸发皿累积蒸发量E为标准设置0.6E、0.8E、1.0E、1.2E共4个灌水水平,共12个处理。研究了不同种植行距与灌水量对番茄不同生育期生长生理指标及产量的影响,探讨了不同生长生理指标与产量间的关系。结果表明:低种植行距处理(L3),会造成植株徒长及过高的叶面积指数,抑制作物群体的光合生理活动,导致较低的产量和灌溉水利用效率。过低的灌水量(0.6E)会抑制番茄植株的光合生理活动,且随生育期的进行表现出明显的水分胁迫的累积作用。叶面积指数和净光合速率对产量的影响最为直接,提高作物的净光合速率是实现作物增产的重要途径;株高茎粗与叶面积指数间具有良好的回归关系(P=0.004 6),高茎粗低株高植株具有较为适宜的叶面积指数,有利于产量的形成。相较于产量最高的种植行距与灌水量组合L1-1.2E处理,L1-0.8E和L2-0.8E处理可在产量仅降低4.28%和9.00%的情况下提高灌溉水利用效率36.00%和29.29%。该结果为西北地区日光温室番茄科学种植与灌水提供依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 温室 灌溉 作物 种植行距 灌水量 生长状况 叶绿素荧光 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/9/30 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/11/12 0:00:00 |
Effect of planting row spacing and irrigation amount on tomato growth and yield in solar greenhouse in Northwest China |
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| Wu Xuanyi,Cao Hongxi,Hao Shuxue and Wang Hubing.Effect of planting row spacing and irrigation amount on tomato growth and yield in solar greenhouse in Northwest China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(24):81-89. |
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| Authors: | Wu Xuanyi Cao Hongxi Hao Shuxue and Wang Hubing |
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| Institution: | College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, China,College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, China,College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, China and College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, China |
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| Abstract: | This study aims at discussing the effects of planting row spacing and irrigation amount on the plant growth, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of tomato, the purpose is to obtain the suitable arrangement of irrigation amount and planting row spacing for greenhouse tomato in Northwest China. The experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse at the Green Lily fruit and vegetable cooperatives in Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone in Shaanxi province from January to June in 2016. The cultivated variety of tomato in the experiment was HL2109. The treatments comprised three planting row spacing (L1(60 cm), L2(45 cm), L3 (30 cm))with 80 cm ridge distance and 35 cm plant spacing. Based on the cumulative evaporation from a 20 cm diameter pan between two irrigations (E), 0.6 E, 0.8 E, 1.0 E, 1.2 E were set as four different levels of irrigation amount, when the cumulative evaporation reached (20±3) mm, irrigation will be conduct. Twelve treatments were experimented totally and every treatment was replicated three times in randomized complete block designs. Based on the growth indexes, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in different growth stages and the leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate of tomato plants during the critical period of yield formation, the effects of different row spacing and irrigation amount on tomato growth, photosynthetic physiological activities and yield were analyzed, and the relationship between different growth and physiological indexes with yield were studied. The results showed that tomato growth index: chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, net photosynthetic rate, yield and irrigation water use efficiency were all affected by both planting row spacing and irrigation amount in varying degrees, but there is no significant interaction between the two factors. Low planting row spacing treatment(L3) resulted in redundant plant growth and excessive LAI, thereby photosynthetic physiological activities of crop population were inhibited, finally causing lower yield and irrigation water use efficiency. Excessively low irrigation amount inhibited photosynthetic physiological activities and showed a cumulative effect of water stress with the growth period of tomato plants. By path analysis, LAI and Pn have the most direct impact on yield among the indicators, improving the Pn is an important way to increase crop yield. Plant height and stem diameter have a good regression relationship with leaf area index(P=0.004 6), plant with large stem diameter and low height has suitable leaf area index, which is beneficial to yield formation. The yield of tomato followed a downward quadratic parabola shape with the increase of irrigation amount and planting row spacing, however, when planting row spacing and irrigation amount reached 45 cm and 0.8E respectively, continuing to increase planting row spacing and irrigation amount would not significantly increase yield. Considering the irrigation water use efficiency and yield, L1-0.8E and L2-0.8E treatment were better than others. Compared with the highest yield treatment (L1-1.2E), L1-0.8E and L2-0.8E treatments can increase irrigation water use efficiency by 36.00% and 29.29% when yield reduced by only 4.28% and 9.00%. So, when the ridge distance is 80 cm and the plant spacing is 35 cm, the planting row distance selected 45-60 cm, the irrigation quantity is set to 0.8E would be the appropriate combination of irrigation amount and planting row spacing of greenhouse tomato in Northwest China. |
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| Keywords: | greenhouse irrigation crops planting row spacing irrigation amount growth condition chlorophyll fluorescence yield |
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