| 平水年和欠水年渭北旱地冬小麦临界氮浓度稀释曲线构建 |
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| 引用本文： | 林延荣,刘朋召,郭星宇,张鹏飞,邓明珠,陈小莉,李军.平水年和欠水年渭北旱地冬小麦临界氮浓度稀释曲线构建[J].农业工程学报,2023,39(21):120-129. |
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| 作者姓名： | 林延荣 刘朋召 郭星宇 张鹏飞 邓明珠 陈小莉 李军 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北农林科技大学农学院, 杨凌, 712100;农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 杨凌, 712100 |
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| 基金项目： | “十四五”国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900700）；国家自然科学基金项目（31871562） |
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| 摘 要： | 降雨波动大和过量施氮是限制渭北旱地冬小麦生产中氮肥高效利用和高产稳产的主要因子。该研究旨在构建2种降雨年型下冬小麦临界氮浓度稀释曲线,分析氮营养指数诊断冬小麦氮素营养状况的可行性,为考虑降雨条件下旱地冬小麦精准施氮提供理论依据。于2017—2021年在陕西合阳县开展4 a定位施氮试验,以晋麦47为试验材料,设置0、60、120、180、240 kg/hm2 5个施氮水平,其中2017—2018年和2020—2021年为平水年,2018—2019和2019—2020年为欠水年。研究2种降雨年型下施氮量对冬小麦氮素利用、产量及产量构成因素的影响,基于2种降雨年型下地上部生物量与植株氮浓度之间的关系,构建临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型和氮营养指数(nitrogen nutrition index,NNI)优化施肥方案。结果表明:1)施氮量、降雨年型及其二者互作效应对穗数、千粒质量、产量影响显著或极显著。2)2种降雨年型下冬小麦临界植株氮浓度和地上部生物量均符合幂函数关系,但模型参数之间存在差异(模型参数a在平水年和欠水年分别为3.33、2.79 g/kg,参数b在平水年和欠水年...
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| 关 键 词： | 氮 降雨 作物 冬小麦 临界氮 氮营养指数 |
| 收稿时间： | 2023/4/25 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2023/7/11 0:00:00 |
Establishment of critical nitrogen concentration dilution curves for winter wheat in Weibei dryland under normal and dry years |
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| LIN Yanrong,LIU Pengzhao,GUO Xingyu,ZHANG Pengfei,DENG Mingzhu,CHEN Xiaoli,LI Jun.Establishment of critical nitrogen concentration dilution curves for winter wheat in Weibei dryland under normal and dry years[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2023,39(21):120-129. |
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| Authors: | LIN Yanrong LIU Pengzhao GUO Xingyu ZHANG Pengfei DENG Mingzhu CHEN Xiaoli LI Jun |
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| Institution: | College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China |
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| Abstract: | Large rainfall fluctuation and excessive nitrogen application are the main factors that limit the nitrogen fertilizer efficient utilization and stable yield and high quality in winter wheat production in Weibei dryland. In this study, the purpose was to construct different critical nitrogen concentration dilution curves of winter wheat under two precipitation patterns to analyze the feasibility of diagnosing the nitrogen nutrion status of dryland winter wheat by the nitrogen nutrient index. From 2017 to 2021, a 4-year nitrogen application test was conducted in Heyang County, Shaanxi Province, with Jinmai 47 as the test material. Five nitrogen application rate treatments were set at 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg/hm2. According to the classification of precipitation patterns, normal years were 2017-2018 and 2020-2021, and dry years were 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The effects of different nitrogen application rate on nitrogen utilization efficiency, grain yield and its components of winter wheat under the two precipitation patterns were srudied. Based on the relationship between the aboveground biomass and plant nitrogen concentration of winter wheat in dryland under the two precipitation patterns, the critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve model and nitrogen nutrient index (NNI) was established. The results show that: 1) nitrogen application, precipitation patterns and their interaction effects have a significant impact on the grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. 2) The aboveground biomass and critical plant nitrogen concentration of winter wheat under normal years and dry years were conform to the power function relationship. However, there are variances in models parameters of normal years and dry years(the model parameter a were 3.33 and 2.79 g/kg in normal and dry years, and the parameter b was 0.40 and 0.31 g/kg in normal and dry years, respectively). The model validation showed that the plant nitrogen concentration fitted by the critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve model was linearly correlated with the actual nitrogen concentration. The root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.20 and 0.14 g/kg in normal years and dry years, respectively, and the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) was 10.30% and 7.69%, respectively, indicating that models had good stability. 3) According to the grain yield and nitrogen nutrition index, the appropriate nitrogen rates in normal and dry years was 160-180 kg/hm2 and 101-120 kg/hm2. In this study, the critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve and nitrogen nutrient index were established based on the aboveground biomass and plant nitrogen concentration of dryland winter wheat during each growth states under the two precipitation patterns. The critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve and nitrogen nutrient index better predicted the nitrogen nutrient status of winter wheat in different growth stages under the two precipitation patterns. The results can provide valuable information for the nitrogen assessment and precise nitrogen application. |
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| Keywords: | nitrogen precipitation crops winter wheat critical nitrogen nitrogen nutrient index |
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