| 油菜联合收获机种子籽粒脱粒装置结构及运行参数优化 |
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| 引用本文： | 王刚,关卓怀,沐森林,汤庆,吴崇友.油菜联合收获机种子籽粒脱粒装置结构及运行参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(24):52-57. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王刚 关卓怀 沐森林 汤庆 吴崇友 |
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| 作者单位： | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所，南京 210014,农业部南京农业机械化研究所，南京 210014,农业部南京农业机械化研究所，南京 210014,农业部南京农业机械化研究所，南京 210014,农业部南京农业机械化研究所，南京 210014 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0702101）：油菜智能化低损失收获技术与装备研究 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究油菜联合收获机脱粒系统对油菜籽粒的收获效果,寻求较优的脱粒装置结构及运行参数,以喂入量、脱粒滚筒间隙、脱粒滚筒转速和脱粒元件型式种类为影响因素,油菜种子籽粒发芽率、脱粒损失为评价指标,开展油菜联合收获脱粒试验、发芽率试验及无损伤籽粒发芽率对比试验,探究了联合收获油菜籽粒的脱粒损伤机理。结果表明:影响油菜种子籽粒脱粒损伤的主次因素依次为脱粒元件型式、脱粒滚筒间隙、脱粒滚筒转速、喂入量;所选因素水平下,综合考虑脱粒损伤及损失,采用喂入量3.2 kg/s、脱粒滚筒间隙9 mm、脱粒滚筒转速856 r/min、全钉齿时为较优组合。分析表明:联合收获脱粒会对油菜种子籽粒造成损伤,影响脱粒损伤的直接因素为种子籽粒在滚筒内受打击次数及打击力大小;通过调整脱粒系统结构及运行参数,能够显著降低油菜的脱粒损伤及损失,本文为脱粒装置结构及运行参数的优化提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 机械化 优化 农作物 油菜籽粒 脱粒损伤 联合收获 发芽率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/6/9 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/11/3 0:00:00 |
Optimization of operating parameter and structure for seed thresher device for rape combine harvester |
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| Wang Gang,Guan Zhuohuai,Mu Senlin,Tang Qing and Wu Chongyou.Optimization of operating parameter and structure for seed thresher device for rape combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(24):52-57. |
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| Authors: | Wang Gang Guan Zhuohuai Mu Senlin Tang Qing and Wu Chongyou |
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| Institution: | Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Chian,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Chian,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Chian,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Chian and Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, Chian |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Rapeseed germination rate is directly related to rapeseed yield, which is one of the most important indices to evaluate the rapeseed quality. Combine harvesters have greatly improved the harvest efficiency, but rapeseeds would be damaged by the mechanical threshing equipment during harvesting, and mechanical damage extent of rapeseeds was directly correlated to the design characteristics of the threshing apparatus, such as the movement speed of rasp bars, feeding rate, clearance between the drum and the concave. The rapeseed damage caused by mechanized harvest has aroused the concern of scholars, but there is no study on the rape harvest. In order to explore the damage of rapeseed caused by combine harvester during threshing process and the superior parameters of the threshing mechanism, rape combine harvest comprehensive experiment and germination rate experiment were carried out. Germination rate was used as an index to evaluate the damage. The type of rasp bars, the movement speed of rasp bars, the clearance between the drum and the concave and the feeding rate were taken as the influencing factors in the rape combine harvest comprehensive experiment and each factor had 3 levels. The evaluation indices were the germination rate and loss rate, the undamaged rapeseeds grown in the same plots were used as the comparison. The germination of mechanically harvested rapeseeds and hand harvested rapeseeds was tested in the same environment. The parameters of threshing apparatus with the highest germination rate (lower damage rate) were obtained through the comparison of germination rates between undamaged rapeseeds and mechanically harvested rapeseeds. The results showed that the germination rate of hand harvested rapeseeds was 99.8%, and the highest germination rate for mechanically harvested rapeseeds was 97.6% and the lowest was 85.7%. Therefore, mechanized harvest did cause damage to rapeseed and the damage rate was 1.4%-14.3% within the range of parameters selected. Through the range analysis of germination rate experiment, the factors affecting the damage of rapeseed were the threshing component form, the clearance between the drum and the concave, the movement speed of rasp bars and the feeding rate in turn. Through the variance analysis of germination rate experiment, the feeding rate (P=0.727) had no significant effect on the test results, the threshing gap (P=0.004) and threshing component form (P<0.001) had highly significant effect on the results, the drum speed (P=0.012) had a significant effect on the results, and the repeated experiment error (P=0.202) had no significant effect on the test results, and the test results were reliable. The threshing component form had a great influence on the harvest damage of rapeseed. The germination rate was 88.3% when using striped rod and was 97.3% when using full nailed tooth, which had 9% difference. For the rapeseed, striped rod was more likely to cause threshing damage than nails. Due to the limitation of the number of experiments, the relationship among drum rasp bars speed, clearance between the drum and the concave and rapeseed damage couldn''t be concluded. But the optimal parameters should exist between drum rasp bars speed and clearance between the drum and the concave. It needed further research to clarify the relationship among drum rasp bars speed, clearance between the drum and the concave and rapeseed damage. The effect of feeding rate was not significant. The change range of germination rate was less than 1.1% under different feeding rates. The optimal combination of threshing parameters was: nailed tooth, threshing drum clearance of 9 mm, drum rasp bars speed of 1 010 r/min, and feeding rate of 2.2 kg/s, and the damage rate was lower. In order to verify the accuracy of the combination of superior parameters, the artificially harvested rapeseed was threshed by experiment bench and different combinations of parameters were used for the comparison. The germination rate under the optimum parameters combination was 98.6%, which was the highest. Combine harvest damage could be reduced to a very small extent through adjusting the threshing system parameters. The study provides a reference for the design of combine harvester threshing system. |
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| Keywords: | mechanization optimization crops rapeseed threshing damage combine harvest germination rate |
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