| 南极鱼亚目鱼类DNA条形码及分子系统学 |
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| 引用本文： | 姜郦轩,张吉昌,樊钢洲,李昂,柳淑芳,庄志猛.南极鱼亚目鱼类DNA条形码及分子系统学[J].中国水产科学,2021,28(11):1396-1405. |
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| 作者姓名： | 姜郦轩 张吉昌 樊钢洲 李昂 柳淑芳 庄志猛 |
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| 作者单位： | 浙江海洋大学水产学院, 浙江 舟山 316022 ；中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所, 农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071 ；青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室, 海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266071 |
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| 基金项目： | 山东省重大科技创新工程专项(2018SDKJ0302)； 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1406800)； 农业农村部财政专项“海洋渔业生物资源收集与保藏”和“南极海洋生物资源开发利用科研支撑”. |
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| 摘 要： | 以南极海域“南极海洋生物资源养护委员会”(the Commission for the Conservation Antarctic Marine Living Resources, 简称 CCAMLR) 48.1、48.2 和 48.3 亚区的南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)渔业兼捕所得 97 份南极鱼样品为研究对象, 经形态学特征分析和 DNA 条形码将其鉴定为南极鱼亚目 4 科 17 属 17 个有效种, 其中依据形态学特征只鉴定出 6 个物种, 其余 11 个物种则依据 DNA 条形码得到准确鉴定。可见, 在形态学鉴定经验不足或样品形态不完整的情况下, DNA 条形码可以有效的实现物种鉴定。继而, 分析了南极鱼类 97 条 DNA 条形码的碱基组成特征, 发现 GC 含量第一密码子最高且第二密码子最低可能为南极鱼亚目类群的特有现象, 但其生物学意义尚有待于进一步研究。将本研究采集的南极鱼亚目 17 种鱼类与 BOLD 筛选的 64 种鱼类的 DNA 条形码合并, 构建了南极鱼亚目 4 科 39 属 81 种鱼类的系统关系树, 这是迄今为止包含种类最多的南极鱼亚目鱼类分子鉴别和系统进化关系分析。遗传距离和系统关系树分析进一步证明 DNA 条形码对于南极鱼类物种鉴定的适用性与可行性, 另外还发现南极鱼亚目鱼类的个别物种其分子系统关系与形态学分类地位不一致。本研究结果证实了 DNA 条形码技术对南极鱼亚目分类群的识别效率, 弥补了传统形态学鉴定方法的局限和不足, 丰富了南极鱼类 DNA 条形码数据库, 为南大洋鱼类多样性与适应性进化研究奠定基础, 同时为南极渔业资源保护和可持续开发利用提供科学依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 南极鱼亚目 COI 基因 DNA 条形码 遗传距离 分子系统关系 |
DNA barcoding and molecular systematics of Notothenioidei |
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| JIANG Lixuan,ZHANG Jichang,FAN Gangzhou,LI Ang,LIU Shufang,ZHUANG Zhimeng.DNA barcoding and molecular systematics of Notothenioidei[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2021,28(11):1396-1405. |
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| Authors: | JIANG Lixuan ZHANG Jichang FAN Gangzhou LI Ang LIU Shufang ZHUANG Zhimeng |
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| Abstract: | Notothenioide is the dominant species in the Southern Ocean. Due to its high degree of specialization in morphological characteristics and physiological adaptation, the small size of most species and the difficulty in obtaining samples, the traditional morphological classification method has great limitations. DNA barcode technology provides the standard of genetic taxonomy and effective molecular taxonomy, and is the improvement, development and innovation of traditional taxonomy methods, which is helpful to accurately locate the specimens that need to be re-identified in morphology. 97 Antarctic fish samples were obtained from Antarctic krill fisheries in CCAMLR 48.1, 48.2 and 48.3 sub regions. By morphological analysis and DNA barcoding, these samples were identified as 17 effective species belonging to 17 genera and 4 families of Notothenioide. Only 6 species were identified according to morphological characteristics, and the other 11 species were identified accurately according to DNA barcoding. So DNA barcoding can effectively identify species in the case of lack of morphological identification experience or incomplete sample morphology. Then, 97 DNA barcodes of Notothenioide were analyzed. It was found that the highest GC content in the first codon and the lowest GC content in the second codon were the unique phenomenon of Notothenioide. However, its biological significance needs to be further studied. A phylogenetic tree of 81 species of fishes belonging to 39 genera and 4 families was constructed by combining the DNA barcodes of 17 species collected in this study with 64 species screened by bold. This is the most abundant molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Notothenioide up to now. Genetic distance and phylogenetic tree analysis further proved the applicability and feasibility of DNA barcoding for species identification of Notothenioide. In addition, it was found that the molecular phylogenetic relationship and morphological taxonomy position of individual species of Notothenioide were inconsistent. The results of this study confirmed the efficiency of DNA barcoding technology in the identification of suborder taxa of Antarctic fish, made up for the limitations and shortcomings of traditional morphological identification methods, enriched the DNA barcoding database of Antarctic fish, laid the foundation for the study of Antarctic fish diversity and adaptive evolution, and provided scientific basis for the protection and sustainable development and utilization of Antarctic fishery resources. |
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