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利用20对微卫星引物和6种AFLP引物组合对狄高黄鸡(T1、T2)、安卡红鸡(A)、石岐杂鸡(S)、隐性白羽鸡(D1、D2)4个鸡品种及其F1代、F2代计9个群体进行遗传特征分析,研究4个鸡种亲本间及其与F1代、F2代不同群体间的遗传关系.结果显示20个微卫星座位在9个鸡群体中共检测到126个等位基因,等位基因数最多达9个,最少为4个,获得的平均等位基因数为6.3个.9个群体平均杂合度在0.281～0.695之间,多态信息含量在0.245～0.664之间;亲本4个品种6个群体平均杂合度在0.281～0.391之间,多态信息含量在0.245～0.367之间;F1代与F2代的平均杂合度在0.601～0.695之间,多态信息含量在0.553～0.664之间;4个亲本之间的遗传距离为0.4882～0.6230,亲本与F1代的遗传距离在0.1238～0.1714,亲本与F2代的遗传距离在0.2631～0.3104, F1与F2的遗传距离为0.1322和0.1442;6种AFLP引物组合在9个鸡群体中检测到了数量不等的特异性条带,其中F2最多,为5条,亲本隐性白羽鸡最少,为1条.表明分子遗传检测结果与鸡品种(群体)的选育状况基本一致,为预测品种(系)之间的杂种优势,配套系的培育提供了科学依据,同时为从分子水平鉴定鸡品种奠定了研究基础. 相似文献
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《中国家禽》2021,(2)
为了对巢湖麻鸭、枞阳媒鸭、大余麻鸭、荆江麻鸭、靖西大麻鸭、广西小麻鸭、高邮鸭、吉安红毛鸭和苏牧鸭等9个肉用型(兼用型)的鸭群体遗传多样性进行系统评价,试验选择12个成熟的微卫星位点对9个肉用型(兼用型)鸭群体的遗传多样性进行测定和聚类分析。结果共检测到142个等位基因位于12个成熟的微卫星位点上,多态信息含量(PIC)介于0.275 5～0.832 6之间,其中有8个座位为高度多态位点,剩余4个座位为中度多态位点;9个鸭群体在微卫星座位上的平均杂合度在0.408 6～0.559 0之间,大余麻鸭的PIC最高达到了0.6091,吉安红毛鸭的PIC最低达到了0.499 4;荆江麻鸭和巢湖麻鸭的遗传距离(DA)最近,为0.095;苏牧鸭和其它鸭群体的遗传距离都较远,并且苏牧鸭和高邮鸭的遗传距离最远,达到0.319;聚类分析将9个鸭群体分为三大类,其中巢湖麻鸭、荆江麻鸭、枞阳媒鸭、靖西大麻鸭以及大余麻鸭先后聚为一类;高邮鸭首先和吉安红毛鸭聚为一类,接着与广西小麻鸭聚为一类;而苏牧鸭被单独分为一类。结果表明9个鸭群体中遗传多样性较为丰富,遗传变异程度以中等水平为主,为今后我国肉用型地方鸭品种资源的合理开发和科学杂交利用提供更加准确的数据。 相似文献
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：用8个微卫星标记对闽南黄牛的等位基因频率、多态信息含量、杂合度和有效等位基因数等指标进行统计分析,并在此基础上对其进行聚类分析和分类研究。结果：8个微卫星标记在所检测的闽南黄牛群体中都表现出较丰富的多态性,在4个群体8个微卫星座位共有58个等位基因,每个微卫星标记平均检测到7．2个等位基因（3～11）;8个微卫星标记的平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0．6471,各群体的平均多态信息含量（PIC）差并不显著;全部群体平均杂合度为0．2930;各群体平均有效等位基因数为3．37。此表明闽南黄牛在微卫星位点上具有丰富的遗传多样性;根据奈氏标准遗传距离进行UPGMA聚类分析,结果表明4个群体间的遗传变异不大。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医》2020,(7)
本研究旨在建立一套适用于特克塞尔×哈萨克杂交羊亲子关系的鉴定体系。试验选取11个微卫星标记位点进行组合扩增,通过优化微卫星标记位点组合的引物浓度、退火温度及反应体系等条件,建立了4组多重PCR体系,对多重PCR扩增产物采用毛细管电泳进行基因型分型,经PROSize3.0软件读取基因型分型结果,Cervus 3.0软件分析群体的遗传多样性,鉴定特克塞尔×哈萨克级进F2代(特哈级进F2)和横交F2代(特哈横交F2)的亲子关系。结果表明,特哈级进F2和特哈横交F2的等位基因数为180和140、平均等位基因数为16.364和12.727、平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.533和0.544、平均期望杂合度(He)为0.807和0.831、平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.783和0.803。对特哈级进F2和特哈横交F2两个品种70只候选亲本和64只候选子代的11个微卫星标记位点进行亲子关系鉴定,结果表明:当双亲基因型未知时的累积排除概率(CE-1P)为0.9995和0.9997;当单亲基因型已知时的累积排除概率(CE-2P)均达到1.0000;双亲基因型已知的累计排除概率(CEPP)均达到1.0000。说明选择的11个微卫星标记位点具有高度的多态性和较高的排除概率,适用于遗传分析和个体的亲子鉴定。利用微卫星标记建立的特克塞尔×哈萨克杂交羊亲子鉴定体系为分析绵羊群体遗传多样性和辅助育种工作提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为在 3个 F2代猪群体中进行数量性状基因座(QTL)定位 ,本研究检测了 38个微卫星的基因型 ,在总数为6 6 4 36个亲本—后裔传递的微卫星等位基因中检测到 5个突变等位基因 ,这表明每世代每个座位的总突变率为 7.5 2× 10 - 5。突变率与其它因素 (如侧翼区的 GC含量、杂合度、重复数 )之间没有显著关联 (P>0 .0 5 )。详细的测序结果表明 ,5个突变等位基因中的 4个是分别由 1～ 5个重复插入引起的。剩下的一个突变等位基因要么是由 3个重复插入引起的 ,要么是由 30个碱基对的变化引起的 (16个 CT重复的缺失和 1个 CA重复插入 )。在一个微卫星的侧翼区还检测到 1个碱基对的插入。总之 ,这些数据表明在微卫星之间伸展比收缩更普遍 ,突变过程是非常复杂的 ,并不符合严格的逐步突变模型 ,而且在不同座位之间也有差异。 相似文献
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本研究旨在建立一套适用于特克塞尔×哈萨克杂交羊亲子关系的鉴定体系。试验选取11个微卫星标记位点进行组合扩增，通过优化微卫星标记位点组合的引物浓度、退火温度及反应体系等条件，建立了4组多重PCR体系，对多重PCR扩增产物采用毛细管电泳进行基因型分型，经PROSize3.0软件读取基因型分型结果，Cervus 3.0软件分析群体的遗传多样性，鉴定特克塞尔×哈萨克级进F2代（特哈级进F2）和横交F2代（特哈横交F2）的亲子关系。结果表明，特哈级进F2和特哈横交F2的等位基因数为180和140、平均等位基因数为16.364和12.727、平均观测杂合度（Ho）为0.533和0.544、平均期望杂合度（He）为0.807和0.831、平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0.783和0.803。对特哈级进F2和特哈横交F2两个品种70只候选亲本和64只候选子代的11个微卫星标记位点进行亲子关系鉴定，结果表明：当双亲基因型未知时的累积排除概率（CE-1P）为0.9995和0.9997；当单亲基因型已知时的累积排除概率（CE-2P）均达到1.0000；双亲基因型已知的累计排除概率（CEPP）均达到1.0000。说明选择的11个微卫星标记位点具有高度的多态性和较高的排除概率，适用于遗传分析和个体的亲子鉴定。利用微卫星标记建立的特克塞尔×哈萨克杂交羊亲子鉴定体系为分析绵羊群体遗传多样性和辅助育种工作提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
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<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献