共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Constable PD Stämpfli HR 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(4):507-514
Acid-base abnormalities frequently are present in sick dogs. The mechanism for an acid-base disturbance can be determined with the simplified strong ion approach, which requires accurate values for the total concentration of plasma nonvolatile buffers (A(tot)) and the effective dissociation constant for plasma weak acids (K(a)). The aims of this study were to experimentally determine A(tot) and K(a) values for canine plasma. Plasma was harvested from 10 healthy dogs; the concentrations of quantitatively important strong ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, L-lactate) and nonvolatile buffer ions (total protein, albumin, phosphate) were determined; and the plasma was tonometered with CO2 at 37 degrees C. Strong ion difference (SID) was calculated from the measured strong ion concentrations, and nonlinear regression was used to estimate values for A(tot) and K(a), which were validated with data from an in vitro and in vivo study. Mean (+/- SD) values for canine plasma were A(tot) = (17.4 +/- 8.6) mM (equivalent to 0.273 mmol/g of total protein or 0.469 mmol/g of albumin); K(a) = (0.17 +/- 0.11) x 10(-7); pK(a) = 7.77. The calculated SID for normal canine plasma (pH = 7.40; P(CO2) = 37 mm Hg; [total protein] = 64 g/L) was 27 mEq/L. The net protein charge for normal canine plasma was 0.25 mEq/g of total protein or 0.42 mEq/g of albumin. Application of the experimentally determined values for A(tot), K(a), and net protein charge should improve understanding of the mechanism for complex acid-base disturbances in dogs. 相似文献
2.
D.E. Gomez L.G. Arroyo H.R. Stämpfli L.E. Cruz O.J. Oliver 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2013,27(3):548-553
Background
The quantitative effect of strong electrolytes, pCO2, and plasma protein concentration in determining plasma pH and bicarbonate concentrations can be demonstrated with the physicochemical approach. Plasma anion gap (AG) and strong ion gap (SIG) are used to assess the presence or absence of unmeasured anions.Hypotheses
The physicochemical approach is useful for detection and explanation of acid‐base disorders in horses with colitis. AG and SIG accurately predict hyperlactatemia in horses with colitis.Animals
Fifty‐four horses with acute colitis and diarrhea.Methods
Retrospective study . Physicochemical variables were calculated for each patient. ROC curves were generated to analyze sensitivity and specificity of AG and SIG for predicting hyperlactatemia.Results
Physicochemical interpretation of acid‐base events indicated that strong ion metabolic acidosis was present in 39 (72%) horses. Mixed strong ion acidosis and decreased weak acid (hypoproteinemia) alkalosis was concomitantly present in 17 (30%) patients. The sensitivity and specificity of AG and SIG to predict hyperlactatemia (L‐lactate > 5 mEq/L) were 100% (95% CI, 66.4–100; P < .0001) and 84.4% (95% CI, 70.5–93.5 P < .0001). Area under the ROC curve for AG and SIG for predicting hyperlactatemia was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.86–0.99) and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.83–0.99), respectively.Conclusion and Clinical relevance
These results emphasize the importance of strong ions and proteins in the maintenance of the acid‐base equilibria. AG and SIG were considered good predictors of clinically relevant hyperlactatemia. 相似文献3.
4.
5.
6.
Physicochemical Approach to Determine the Mechanism for Acid–Base Disorders in 793 Hospitalized Foals 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 D.E. Gomez N.M. Biermann L.C. Sanchez 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(5):1395-1402
Background
The quantitative effect of strong electrolytes, unmeasured strong anions (UAs), pCO 2, and plasma protein concentrations in determining plasma pH can be demonstrated using the physicochemical approach. Plasma anion gap (AG) and strong ion gap (SIG) are used to assess UAs in different species.Hypotheses
Strong ions are a major factor influencing changes in plasma pH of hospitalized foals. AG and SIG accurately predict severe hyper‐l‐lactatemia ([l‐lac−] > 7 mmol/L).Animals
Seven hundred and ninety three hospitalized foals < 7 days old.Methods
Retrospective study. The relationship between measured pH and physicochemical variables, and the relationship between plasma [l‐lac−] and AG and SIG, were determined using regression analyses. Optimal AG and SIG cut points to predict hyper‐l‐lactatemia were identified using an ROC curve analysis.Results
Combined, the measured strong ion difference and SIG accounted for 54–69% of the changes in the measured arterial pH of hospitalized foals. AG and SIG were significantly associated with plasma [l‐lac−] (P < .0001). The receiver operator characteristics (ROC) AUC of AG and SIG for prediction of severe hyper‐l‐lactatemia were 0.89 (95%CI, 0.8–0.95; P < .0001) and 0.90 (95%CI, 0.81–0.96; P < .0001), respectively. Severe hyper‐l‐lactatemia was best predicted by AG > 27 mmol/L (sensitivity 80%, 95%CI, 56–94, specificity 85%, 95%CI, 73–93; P < .0001) and SIG <−15 mmol/L (sensitivity 90%, 95%CI, 68–98; specificity 80%; 95%CI, 68–90; P < .0001).Conclusion and clinical relevance
Altered concentrations of strong ions (Na+, K+, Cl−) and UAs were the primary cause of acidemia of hospitalized foals. AG and SIG were good predictors of hyper‐l‐lactatemia and could be used as surrogate tests. 相似文献7.
8.
9.
甜樱桃被称为“春果第一枝”,它花早色艳,果实味美,营养丰富,果实发育周期较短,目前我国甜樱桃面积有130万亩左右,因其效益较高,管理相对简单,越来越受到广大种植户的关注,南方地区也有多地试种。如何管理好树形,使尽早开花结果,达到稳产、丰产的目标。现就与树形相关的级次、级差应用做简要分析。 相似文献
10.
本试验旨在研究膨胀器不同环隙开度对大宗原料饲料品质的影响,以及在同一配方下,大宗原料不同膨胀度对断奶仔猪颗粒饲粮加工质量、断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。大宗原料分别采用3种不同环隙开度(3.2、3.8和4.5 cm)进行膨胀加工,试验饲粮参照配方进行低温制粒。试验选取72头平均体重为(5.8±0.5)kg的32日龄"大×长×杜"杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为3个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复4头猪。3组分别饲喂3种膨胀度饲粮,试验期为28 d。试验结果:膨胀后大宗原料淀粉糊化度随着环隙开度的减小而增大,且3.2 cm组淀粉糊化度显著高于其余2组(P0.05),粗蛋白质体外消化率3.2 cm组显著高于4.5 cm组(P0.05),但与3.8 cm组差异不显著(P0.05)。低温制粒后饲粮淀粉糊化度、颗粒硬度和颗粒耐久性指数最高为3.2 cm组,分别为41.95%、25.36 N和96.11%。当膨胀器环隙开度为3.2 cm时,断奶仔猪料重比最低,为1.50,平均日增重最高,为0.33 kg。本试验结果表明,环隙开度为3.2 cm时颗粒饲粮质量最好,断奶仔猪生长性能最佳。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
作物实际产量与潜在产量之间存在较大的差距,潜在产量反映了作物在一个地区产量的理论上限,研究作物的潜在产量,明确作物产量的上限,进而对产量差及产量限制性因素进行研究和分析。通过对国内外马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)潜在产量研究进行总结发现,当前马铃薯潜在产量研究存在的主要问题是马铃薯潜在产量的概念、计算分析方法以及模型之间的分析机理不一致,导致马铃薯潜在产量的分析结果存在较大的差异。在未来马铃薯潜在产量研究中,重点应该将马铃薯生长模型和遥感技术(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)等新技术手段更好的结合起来,从单一的考虑自然因素转向自然因素与社会经济等因素相结合的研究。 相似文献
14.
Burkitt JM Haskins SC Aldrich J Jandrey KE Rezende ML Boyle JE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(5):683-686
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of an activated charcoal (AC) suspension containing propylene glycol and glycerol on serum osmolality, osmolal gap, and lactate concentration in dogs. Six healthy adult dogs were administered 4 g/kg AC in a commercially available suspension that contained propylene glycol and glycerol as vehicles. Blood samples were taken before and 1, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the administration of the test suspension. Samples were analyzed for osmolality, blood gases, and concentrations of lactate, sodium, potassium, serum urea nitrogen, and glucose. Osmolal gaps were calculated for each time point. Mean serum osmolality, osmolal gap, and lactate concentration were significantly increased after suspension administration compared to baseline. Serum osmolality increased from 311 mOsm/kg at baseline to 353 mOsm/kg, osmolal gap increased from 5 to 52 mOsm/kg, and lactate concentration increased from 1.9 to 4.5 mmol/L after suspension administration (all P < .01). Three of the 6 dogs vomited between 1 and 3 hours after the administration of the test suspension, and 4 of 6 dogs were lethargic. All dogs drank frequently after AC administration. Commercial AC suspension administered at a clinically relevant dose increases serum osmolality, osmolal gap, and lactate concentration in dogs. These laboratory measures and the clinical signs of vomiting, lethargy, and increased frequency of drinking might complicate the diagnosis or monitoring of some intoxications (such as ethylene glycol) in dogs that have previously received AC suspension containing propylene glycol, glycerol, or both as vehicles. 相似文献
15.
Ida Piperisova Jennifer A. Neel Mark G. Papich 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(3):411-414
Abstract: A 5‐year‐old neutered male Cavalier King Charles Spaniel was evaluated for a 3‐week history of progressive paresis. The dog had been receiving potassium citrate capsules to acidify urine for the past 2 years because of an earlier history of urolithiasis. Results of neurologic examination, spinal cord radiography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the skull and spinal cord revealed no lesions that could have accounted for the neurologic signs. The main abnormalities on a clinical chemistry profile were marked hyperchloremia (179 mmol/L, reference interval 108–122 mmol/L) and an anion gap of ?50.4 mmol/L (reference interval 16.3–28.6 mmol/L). Because of the severe hyperchloremia, serum bromide concentration was measured (400 mg/dL; toxic concentration >150 mg/dL; some dogs may tolerate up to 300 mg/dL). Analysis of the potassium citrate capsules, which had been compounded at a local pharmacy, yielded a mean bromide concentration of 239 mg/capsule. Administration of the capsules was discontinued and there was rapid resolution of the dog's neurologic signs. This case of extreme bromide toxicity, which apparently resulted from inadvertent use of bromide instead of citrate at the pharmacy, illustrates the importance of knowing common interferents with analyte methodologies and of pursing logical additional diagnostic tests based on clinical and laboratory evidence, even when a patient's history appears to rule out a potential etiology. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
19.
颗粒细胞对卵泡发育的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
卵泡发育是一个复杂的生理过程,通过间隙连接,颗粒细胞在卵母细胞的生长发育过程中起营养作用,并促进卵母细胞的成熟;颗粒细胞和膜细胞的相互作用是卵泡发育和维持正常功能的重要条件。作为卵泡发育的标志,颗粒细胞的生长分化是原始卵泡启动和生长的关键,并通过受体介导途径调控生长期卵泡的发育及卵泡闭锁,从而在卵泡发育过程中起重要的调控作用。 相似文献
20.
Possibilities for preservation of coarse particles in pelleting process to improve feed quality characteristics 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 D. Vukmirović A. Fišteš J. Lević R. Čolović D. Rakić T. Brlek V. Banjac 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(5):857-867
Poultry diets are mainly used in pelleted form because pellets have many advantages compared to mash feed. On the other hand, pelleting causes reduction of feed particle size. The aim of this research was to investigate the possibility of increasing the content of coarse particles in pellets, and, at the same time, to produce pellets with satisfactory quality. In this research, the three grinding treatments of corn were applied using hammer mill with three sieve openings diameter: 3 mm (HM‐3), 6 mm (HM‐6) and 9 mm (HM‐9). These grinding treatments were combined in pelleting process with three gaps between rollers and the die of pellet press (roller‐die gap, RDG) (0.30, 1.15 and 2.00 mm) and three moisture contents of the pelleted material (14.5, 16.0 and 17.5%). The increased coarseness of grinding by the hammer mill resulted in the increased amount of coarse particles in pellets, especially when the smallest RDG was applied (0.30 mm), but pellet quality was greatly reduced. Increasing of RDG improved the quality of pellets produced from coarsely ground corn, but reduced the content of coarse particles in pellets and increased specific energy consumption of the pellet press. Increasing the moisture content of material to be pelleted (MC) significantly reduced energy consumption of the pellet press, but there was no significant influence of MC on particle size after pelleting and on the pellet quality. The optimal values of the pelleting process parameters were determined using desirability function method. The results of optimization process showed that to achieve the highest possible quantity of coarse particles in the pellets, and to produce pellets of satisfactory quality, with the lowest possible energy consumption of the pellet press, the coarsest grinding on hammer mill (HM‐9), the largest RDG (2 mm) and the highest MC (17.5%) should be applied. 相似文献