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油酸甲酯溶剂对高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂物理性状及药效的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采用浸渍法、表面张力仪测定法和液滴干燥法分别测定了不同油酸甲酯含量的药液在3种作物叶片上的最大稳定持留量、表面张力及干燥时间,以浸叶法与浸虫法测定了不同油酸甲酯用量下高效氯氟氰菊酯对菜青虫及小地老虎的室内毒力,并进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,在2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂中油酸甲酯用量从5%提高至35%,稀释药液最大稳定持留量提高21.08%~125.14%,表面张力降低6~12 mN/m,干燥时间延长6~20 min,且高效氯氟氰菊酯对菜青虫和小地老虎的毒力明显增强;田间增加油酸甲酯用量可明显提高高效氯氟氰菊酯对菜青虫的防治效果,3 000倍液药后7天防效从79.22%增至96.54%。 相似文献
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高效氯氟氰菊酯在稻田使用后对水生生物 的安全性研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用半静态法研究了乳油(EC)、微乳剂(ME)、水乳剂(EW)、可湿性粉剂(WP)、悬浮剂(SC) 5种不同剂型的高效氯氟氰菊酯对主要水生生物的急性毒性、在"稻田-鱼塘"模拟生态系统中的归趋及对其中水生生物的影响,旨在为评价高效氯氟氰菊酯在稻田使用后对水生生物的安全性以及控制其对水生生物的危害风险提供科学依据。结果表明,高效氯氟氰菊酯对河虾和鱼均为高毒,尤其河虾对其更为敏感;但5种不同剂型的高效氯氟氰菊酯对同种水生生物的毒性存在不同程度的差异。高效氯氟氰菊酯在环境中消解速率较快。不同剂型的高效氯氟氰菊酯在稻田水、鱼塘水和稻田土壤中的消解半衰期分别为0.23~0.53 d、0.38~0.63 d、0.96~7.35 d。施药12 h后降雨20 mm的稻田水进入鱼塘,对鱼、蟹和河蚌安全,对河虾会造成严重影响;但所有剂型的高效氯氟氰菊酯在用药4 d后再排入鱼塘对河虾均达到安全水平。 相似文献
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《中国植保导刊》2020,(9)
通过开展试验,研究了5种杀虫剂防治燕麦田间蚜虫的效果以及其中3种杀虫剂在燕麦上的消解动态。结果表明,在燕麦田喷施70%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂、70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂和2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂后,3种药剂在燕麦上的半衰期分别为0.568、0.679 d和2.100 d。2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂对燕麦田蚜虫防效最高,药后1、7、14d的防效分别为89.44%、75.99%、76.32%,表现出较好的速效性和持效性,显著高于其他供试药剂的同期防效;50%氟啶虫胺腈水分散粒剂在药后1d和7d对燕麦蚜虫的防效为73.10%和78.40%,表现出一定的速效性和持效性;2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂在燕麦上的残留消解速率较慢,建议距离收割时间较长时使用。 相似文献
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探索了以酚醛环氧树脂-二元胺聚合物为壁材制备高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊(CS)的可行性,明确了酚醛环氧树脂用量及乳化剪切转速等因素对微囊基础物化特性以及药剂释放性能和应用效果的影响。利用油溶性单体酚醛环氧树脂与水溶性单体丙二胺,在油-水界面上发生聚合反应形成不溶于水的聚合物,制备得到高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊。通过光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察其形貌;利用红外光谱仪分析囊壁结构;采用气相色谱法分析微囊的载药量、包封率和释放性能;经粒度分析仪测定平均粒径和粒度分布;最后采用浸叶法测定了该载药微囊的杀虫活性。结果表明:所得高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊为规则的球形,囊壁表面光滑无孔洞且伴有少量褶皱。随酚醛环氧树脂用量增加,微囊平均粒径增大,载药量下降,释放速率降低,而包封率变化不大。随乳化剪切转速增加,平均粒径下降,释放速率加快。采用优化条件制备所得微囊的平均粒径为21.33 μm,包封率为91.04%,载药量为43.97%。其释放动力学表现为:0~15 min内为快速释放阶段,累计释放量达到78.01%;15~240 min为缓慢释放阶段,在240 min时累积释放量达97.04%。4种不同粒径(2.78、5.19、11.86和23.15 μm)高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊和同剂量高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油对小地老虎幼虫的毒力测定结果表明:随着微囊粒径的减小,其毒力逐渐增大(LC50值分别为16.44、23.33、29.36和37.57 mg/L),但不同粒径微囊处理组毒力均略低于乳油(LC50值为10.41 mg/L)。研究表明,可采用酚醛环氧树脂-二元胺聚合物为壁材制备高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊,速效性好且活性易调控,在农药微囊剂制备中具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
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采用界面聚合法制备了以聚脲树脂为囊材的15%高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊悬浮剂。在制备过程中,以油相质量与初次用水质量相比得到初次油水比,探究了不同初次油水比对高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊悬浮剂理化性质的影响。设定4个不同初次油水比 (Ri) 处理,分别为Ri = 1 : 0.55、1 : 0.69、1 : 0.83和1 : 0.97,通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、激光粒度分布仪对所制备微囊的形貌进行表征,并测定包覆率与贮藏稳定性。结果显示:当Ri分别为1 : 0.83和1 : 0.97时,所制备的15%高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊悬浮剂成囊质量高,微囊形貌好,微囊包覆率90%以上,粒径3~4 μm (D95),贮存稳定性合格。本研究可为制备高效氯氟氰菊酯微囊悬浮剂提供参考。 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM433和EM110。 相似文献
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The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
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Sj J. Gerbrandy 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(5):269-276
The variability of dormancy of sclerotia of ten isolates ofSclerotium cepivorum was investigated. Of all isolates tested, the freshly harvested sclerotia were dormant. After drying for 48 hours the sclerotia of six isolates were able to germinate, two isolates stayed dormant and two isolates were infested by hyperparasitic fungi. After storage in soil at 5°C or 20°C, the sclerotia of the different isolates exhibited considerable differences in respect to germination capability, but all isolates showed highest germination after a treatment of 8 weeks at 20°C followed by 8 weeks at 5°C. The sclerotia of all isolates showed an increased capacity to germinate withoutAllium extracts at 10°C after pretreatment at 30°C for 28 days. 相似文献
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Zahida Iqbal Syuntaro Hiradate Akio Noda Sei-Ichi Isojima Yoshiharu Fujii 《Weed Biology and Management》2002,2(2):110-115
The allelopathic potential of buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ) was investigated. Field study showed that living buckwheat reduced weed biomass compared with plots without buckwheat. Laboratory study revealed that root exudates suppressed root and shoot growth of weeds and reduced weed dry weight. Sequential partitioning of the aqueous ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of buckwheat showed that the chloroform extract caused an 80% reduction in radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings at a concentration of less than 100 p.p.m. Fagomine, 4-piperidone and 2-piperidinemethanol were isolated and identified by 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance from the chloroform extract. These compounds caused a 50% inhibition of radicle elongation in lettuce seedlings at concentrations of less than 100 p.p.m. These results suggest that compounds 1, 2, and 3 might act as allelochemicals and affect the growth or germination of different plant species. 相似文献