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1.
北部湾鱼类多样性及优势种的时空变化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
根据2007年在北部湾进行的4季渔业资源底拖网调查资料,对该海域鱼类的种类组成、物种多样性和优势种的时空变化进行分析.本次调查共捕获鱼类323种,隶属于18目101科,以发光鲷(Acropoma japonicum)、黄斑M(Leiognathus bindus)、竹??鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、二长棘鲷(Parargyrops edita)和大头白姑鱼(Argyrosomusmacrocephalus)为主要优势种.分析结果表明,北部湾鱼类的优势种更替明显,总体趋势为k选择种类(以红笛鲷和黑印真鲨等为代表)被r选择种类(发光鲷、鲾科和天竺鱼科等为代表)所替代,即寿命长、个体大和营养级高的鱼类种类减少,寿命短、个体小和营养级较低的种类增多.鱼类的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)以共同渔区北部海域最高(3.60),东北部海域次之(3.58),共同渔区南部海域最低(2.35),四季多样性指数为2.96～3.77,平均3.31.2007年多样性指数比 1992-1993年低,但高于1998-1999年,表明近年来该海域捕捞压力有所减缓,使得渔业资源有一定的恢复.本研究旨在了解北部湾生物多样性和优势种的动态变化及演替状况,为该海域渔业资源的合理开发与可持续利用对策提供科学依据. 相似文献
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探究北部湾春季鱼类多样性变化及与环境因子的关系，为北部湾海域渔业资源的变化及渔业资源的长期开发、利用和保护提供参考。根据2011年和2018年春季北部湾渔业资源调查数据，结合海表面温度（SST）、叶绿素a浓度（Chl-a）遥感数据及水深数据，采用典范对应分析（CCA）和冗余分析（RDA）方法，研究北部湾鱼类优势种和常见种丰度、鱼类多样性指数与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明：2018年春季鱼类捕获种类数高于2011年春季，分别为157和135种；2011年春季优势种为竹荚鱼（Trachurus japonicus）、蓝圆鲹（Decapterus maruadsi）及鹿斑鲾（Secutor ruconius），而2018年春季优势种为竹荚鱼、二长棘犁齿鲷（Evynnis cardinalis）及日本发光鲷（Acropoma japonicum），竹荚鱼为共有优势种。2011年与2018年春季鱼类多样性指数无显著差异（P > 0.05）。CCA和RDA分析结果表明：SST与北部湾鱼类优势种和常见种丰度呈显著正相关性(P < 0.05)，而与鱼类多样性指数呈负相关；水深与北部湾鱼类优势种和常见种丰度呈正相关性，而与鱼类多样性指数呈负相关；同时，Chl-a浓度与北部湾鱼类优势种和常见种丰度呈显著负相关(P < 0.05)，而与鱼类多样性指数呈显著正相关性(P < 0.05)。 相似文献
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根据1985年和2000年秋季渔业生物资源底拖网调查资料，分析了黄海底层鱼类群落结构的时空变化。结果表明，渔业资源优势种的组成随区域和时间不同有着较大的差异。黄海北部和中部渔获种类组成相似性较高，北部与南部、中部与南部的相似性较低；黄海渔获生物种类组成年间相似性较高，为65。进一步的单因子ANOSIM分析表明黄海底层鱼类群落不同区域和年间种类组成没有显著性差异。黄海渔业生物多样性由北向南递减。与1985年相比，2000年鱼类群落长度谱表现出小型种类和小个体增多，大个体减少，且长度范围变小；主要优势种的长度组成也呈现小型化趋势。长度谱区域变化则是从北部向南部小个体数量增多，大个体数量减少。 相似文献
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根据2009-2013年每年8月在莱州湾水域进行的渔业底拖网调查数据,采用生态多样性指数和多元统计分析等方法,研究了该海域的渔业资源群落结构和多样性特征的年际变化.结果显示,调查共鉴定出100种资源种类,其中鱼类56种;渔业资源种类和资源量存在明显的年际变化,2013年渔业资源种类数为2012年种类数的84.4％,仅为2009年的60.3％,平均网获质量明显下降.鱼类优势种组成存在年际更替现象,主要由经济价值高、个体大的种类向经济价值低、个体小的种类演替.各生态多样性指数均呈现下降趋势,Margalef种类丰富度指数(R)变化范围为2.67-3.95,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')变化范围为0.70-3.83,Pielou均匀度指数(J')变化范围为0.12-0.63.聚类分析(CLUSTER)和多维标度分析(MDS)分析表明,在相同的相似性水平上分组,组内平均相似性与组间相异性变大.单因子相似性分析(ANOSIM)表明,各年渔业群落结构均存在显著差异(P＜0.05).综上所述,莱州湾渔业资源逐年衰退,优势种更替明显,群落结构发生明显变化,多样性呈下降趋势. 相似文献
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黄海典型断面渔业资源结构的季节变化 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了解黄海渔业资源结构的动态变化,实验基于2006年9月(秋季)和12月(冬季)、2007年3月和5月(春季)对黄海南部三个典型断面(S1断面位于南黄海南部北部水域,S2断面位于黄海和东海交界处,S3断面位于黄海南部中部水域)的渔业底拖网调查数据,对黄海断面的渔业种类更替、生物量变动、多样性季节变化及其与环境因子的关系进行了初步分析.结果显示,各季节调查共捕获渔业生物156种,其中鱼类109种,底层鱼类占89.0％.各季节前10位渔业种类的渔获量均占总渔获量的60％以上,且主要渔业种类组成变化不大,以小黄鱼、黄(鮟)(鱇)、细纹狮子鱼、鳀和脊腹褐虾等为主.各季节S2断面的主要渔业种类组成有显著变化,而S1和S3断面的主要渔业种类组成变化不大,但各种类渔获量在总渔获量中的比例变化很大;各断面渔业生物个体体质量一般都小于40 g.黄海南部海域从南向北各断面渔业种类多样性递减;各季节的渔业种类数与群落丰富度指数呈正相关.研究表明,黄海各断面渔业资源结构从北向南存在明显的季节变化,并且与底层温度和盐度的关系密切. 相似文献
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黄河入海泥沙年际通量对莱州湾渔业资源结构的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2009年8月-2013年8月莱州湾海域渔业拖网调查数据,分析该海域渔业种群组成、优势种、空间分布和资源量的年际变动,以了解黄河入海泥沙通量对莱州湾渔业结构的影响.结果表明:(1)莱州湾渔业资源量整体呈下降趋势,主要以鱼类为主,甲壳类次之,头足类最少;鱼类中以中上层鱼类为主,网获量明显多于底层鱼类,但2011年8月底层鱼类稍多于中上层鱼类;(2)莱州湾渔业资源各年份的优势种有所变动,中上层鱼类和底层鱼类的优势种变动较大,甲壳类优势种变动较少,鱼类优势种组成存在年际更替现象,主要由经济价值高、个体大的种类向经济价值低、个体小的种类演替.主要优势种集中于斑鲦、矛尾鰕虎鱼、口虾蛄、小带鱼和日本枪乌贼等种类.2010年斑鲦大量暴发,为唯一优势种;(3)2009-2013年黄河入海泥沙年际通量与鱼类种数、底层鱼类数和渔业资源数存在显著相关性,与底层鱼类生物量存在极显著相关性.综上所述,黄河入海泥沙年际通量的变动对莱州湾渔业资源量和资源结构都产生了一定影响. 相似文献
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2010年莱州湾底层渔业生物群落结构及季节变化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
根据2010年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)、秋季(10月)和冬季(12月)在莱州湾进行的19站位弓子网调查数据,对弓子网渔获物组成、底层渔业生物群落结构及季节变化进行了研究。结果表明,全年弓子网调查共捕获渔业生物78种,春季种类最少,而其他季节种类数接近。弓子网渔获物质量组成由高到低依次为甲壳类、鱼类、头足类、贝类;生物量的季节变化趋势由高到低依次为秋季、春季、冬季、夏季。生物量各季节的空间分布差异明显,主要由少数优势种类的季节分布差异引起。优势种季节更替明显,全年优势种为玉蟹科、寄居蟹、斑尾刺虾虎鱼(Acanthogobius ommaturus)和扁玉螺(Neverita didyma)。丰富度指数(D)、多样性指数(H’)和均匀度指数(J’)均以夏季为最高,而其他3个季节则较为接近。分析表明,冬季与其他季节的Jaccard种类相似性较低;春季群落的生物量和丰度组成与其他季节的Bray-Curtis相似性均较低。各季节的迁移指数均大于100,群落稳定性较差。莱州湾底层生物群落主要由小型、低质种类构成,个体平均质量较小,群落优势种类季节更替明显。为保护莱州湾渔业资源,应严格控制弓子网作业渔船数量。 相似文献
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渔业资源科学调查是开展渔业资源状况评价、物种保护和管理等分析的重要数据来源，当调查方式发生变化时，维持数据的时间一致性至关重要。因此，原位试验获取不同调查方式的捕捞效率校正因子（fishing power correction，FPC）成为资源状况评价的先决条件。本研究通过平行拖网对比试验分析了科学调查船“中渔科211”（试验船）和生产性渔船“浙嵊渔10201-10243”（标准船）在开展渔业资源调查时对不同种类或类群的渔获率差异。结果表明，标准船和试验船平均渔获率分别为（47.27~1836.72）kg/nmile2和（12.28~311.85）kg/nmile2。标准船主要种类为小黄鱼（），渔获率范围分别为（1.17~1113.26）kg/nmile2和（0~565.39）kg/nmile2；试验船主要种类为鳀（），渔获率范围分别为（0~277.59）kg/nmile2和（0~125.24）kg/nmile2。2种调查方式对不同种类/组的渔获率随深度变化趋势出现分化，其中总渔获率、鱼类、银鲳（Apogonichthys lineatus）、绿鳍鱼（）8个种类/组表现为相似的变化趋势；甲壳类、细点圆趾蟹（Erisphex pottii）5个种类/组变化趋势相反；头足类、小黄鱼、龙头鱼在各深度变化具有异质性特征。这种变化与网口垂直扩张和所在水层位置有关。均值比和Kappenman方法估计的总渔获率FPC分别为0.35（95%置信区间为0.24~0.61）和0.43（95%置信区间为0.27~0.70），各种类渔获率均值比结果显示，FPC变化范围在0.03~2.61，其中总渔获率、鱼类、头足类、小黄鱼和绿鳍鱼达到显著水平，建议对上述种类的资源丰度指标年际变化趋势分析时进行数据校正。标准船以近底层种类为调查对象，尤其在捕获经济种类方面表现出优良性能，但对完整生态系统代表性较弱。试验船适合浅水区调查，在深水区由于网口垂直扩张不足，且网位存在上浮现象，难以反映近底层生态系统。 相似文献
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北部湾东北部游泳生物资源现状 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2009年至2010年对北部湾东北部海域游泳生物调查研究表明,该海域共有游泳生物300种,其中鱼类有209种（硬骨鱼类205种,软骨鱼类4种）,隶属15目、70科、119属;甲壳类76种;头足类15种。底层鱼类100种,近底层鱼类72种,中上层鱼类29种,岩礁性鱼类8种,分别占鱼类总数的47．85％,34．45％,13．87％和3．83％。暖水性鱼类153种,暖温性鱼类55种,冷温性鱼类1种,分别占鱼类总数的73．20％,26．32％和0．48％。游泳生物种类数季节变化为夏季〉秋季〉春季〉冬季;资源密度指数季节变化为夏季〉秋季〉春季〉冬季;渔业资源密度随季节变化为夏季〉秋季〉春季〉冬季,渔业资源年平均资源密度为522．925kg·km^-2,约相当于该海域原始渔业资源密度的1／10;生物多样性指数以夏、秋季最高。估算了北部湾东北部海域潜在渔业资源量为1．092×10^5t·a^-1,最大可捕量为5．460×10^4t·a^-1。比较了北部湾渔业资源的历史变动情况,对渔业资源的进一步养护和管理提出了建议。 相似文献
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近半个多世纪以来,在过度开发利用、气候变化(包括全球变暖和自然波动)以及环境污染等多重压力胁迫下近海生态系统发生了前所未有的变化,其中黄海大海洋生态系最具代表性。它主要表现在生物多样性和生态系统生产力的变化;生态系统产出质量下降,如个体较大、营养层次较高、重要的底层经济种类被个体较小、营养层次较低、中上层及经济价值低的种类所替代。研究分析表明,在多重压力胁迫下,近海生态系统及其变化受控于多因素作用的控制机制,导致生态系统变化的复杂性、不确定性,并难以甄别和管理。多营养层次综合水产养殖是应对多重压力胁迫下近海生态系统显著变化的一条有效的途径。文内论述了发展多营养层次综合养殖的科学基础,介绍了在黄海桑沟湾构建的多营养层次综合养殖模式及其效果,评估了多营养层次综合养殖的碳收支与生态服务功能。最后,在结语中指出:展望未来,多营养层次综合养殖模式的多样化发展需要特别予以关注,需要得到更多基础研究的支持。除了进一步加强养殖种类的生物学和区域生态学研究,还需要加强养殖生态系统的生物地球化学循环和水动力学过程研究,关注海洋酸化对养殖生物的影响,多营养层次综合养殖系统对海洋酸化的响应及其应采取的适应性对策。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
17.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
19.
20.
Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献