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为提高吸水链霉菌5-4的抑菌活性,本研究以拮抗Foc TR4病菌的抑菌率为响应值,采用响应面三步法对链霉菌5-4的发酵条件进行优化。大幅度提高了链霉菌5-4发酵提取物对香蕉枯萎病4号生理小种（Foc TR4）的抗真菌活性,其中可溶性淀粉（21.512 g/L）、氯化钠（4.734 g/L）、接种量（3.217%）是次级代谢物抗真菌活性高的关键因素,优化后的抑菌活性达到了88.36%,比优化前（54.96%）提高了33.4%。优化后发酵提取物（500 μg/mL）的校正孢子萌发抑制率达到100%,比优化前提高了36.38%,且经过提取物处理后Foc TR4病菌的菌丝出现明显的分叉增生、肿大等现象。链霉菌5-4发酵条件的优化可以为以后分离抑菌活性物质提供条件,也为后续菌株工业化生产奠定了基础。 相似文献
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香蕉枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌引起的土传病害,目前尚缺乏有效的防治方法。木霉菌是一类重要的植物病害生防菌,广泛分布于自然界,容易分离培养,对多种植物病原菌具有一定的抑制作用。笔者从海南儋州、乐东、文昌等地147份土样中分离出245株木霉,通过对峙试验筛选出对香蕉枯萎病菌有较好拮抗效果木霉菌10株,抑菌率在63.1%～84.7%,并对其进行了体外拮抗作用的测定;最后还测定了无菌土中木霉与病原菌的种群变化,结果表明木霉对香蕉枯萎病菌有一定的抑制作用。 相似文献
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从发病蕉园发病植株周围健康香蕉植株根部分离到一株对香蕉枯萎病具有拮抗作用的内生细菌GKT08,通过形态特征、基本生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列同源比较,初步认定该菌株为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus methylotrophicus）。该菌株能够明显抑制FOC4菌丝的生长,抑制率为67.1%,盆栽试验表明,接种香蕉枯萎病致病菌44天后,病情指数降低了15.54%。同时该菌株能够明显促进香蕉植株的生长,经菌株GKT08处理60d后,香蕉幼苗植株高度、假茎围和完全展开叶面积分别比对照增加了23.80%、23.36%和19.79%。 相似文献
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本实验以奇异根串珠霉菌（Thielaviopsis paradoxa）为目标菌,通过平板梯度稀释法从槟榔根系土壤中分离获得放线菌,利用平板对峙法筛选对奇异根串珠霉菌具有抑菌活性的菌株,并通过发酵液复筛出4株抑制效果达90%以上的菌株,编号为D2-3、G1-12、D2-9和G9-4。通过培养特征、形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析对抑制率99.76%的菌株D2-3进行分类鉴定,初步鉴定该菌株为一株链霉菌,与桑树链霉菌（Streptomyces samsunensis）16S rDNA序列相似性为99.41 %。 相似文献
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《蚕业科学》2020,(1)
采用平板稀释法和平板抑菌圈法分离筛选对桑青枯病和桑枯萎病病原有拮抗作用的生防菌株,利用盆栽试验调查分离菌株对4种病原菌的防治效果,并结合形态学特征、生理生化特征及16S rDNA全长序列对菌株进行鉴定。结果筛选到一株对桑青枯劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)、阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)、克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella variicola)、菠萝泛菌(Pantoea ananatis)4种桑树土传病原具有拮抗作用的菌株,平板抑菌圈直径分别为25 mm、30 mm、25 mm和15 mm;对应的盆栽试验的防治效果分别为714%、779%、750%和766%。根据形态特性、生理生化特征和rDNA全长序列,该菌株鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa),命名为Pseudomonas aeruginosaYD001,这为桑树土传病害的防控研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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由核地杖菌(Scleromitrulashiraiana)等病原真菌引起的桑椹菌核病是一种毁灭性病害.木霉菌是重要的植物病害生防菌,获得对核地杖菌有拮抗作用的木霉菌进行生物防治具有重要意义.文章选取了从桑椹菌核病发病桑树根际土壤中获得的3株真菌为候选拮抗菌株,基于3个菌株的形态及分子生物学分类结果,分别将Ta-N11鉴定为棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum),Th-N13和Th-N36鉴定为哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum).3株拮抗菌发酵液对病原菌菌丝生长表现出有一定的抑制活性,其中拮抗菌Ta-N11对病原菌菌丝生长抑制率达52.2%.田间防效试验的初步结果表明,3株拮抗菌株发酵液喷施对桑椹菌核病具有一定的防治效果,其中拮抗菌株Ta-N11在2个示范点的病果率较清水对照组降低了约30个百分点.综上所述,棘孢木霉Ta-N11菌株对桑椹核地杖菌有较强的拮抗作用,具有一定的实用开发潜力. 相似文献
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采用形态观察、培养特征、生理生化鉴定以及16SrDNA序列分析方法,对本实验室筛选到的一株放线菌Fyss进行分类鉴定,同时对其发酵液的抑菌活性进行了研究。结果表明,菌株Fyss为链霉菌属,其发酵液对革兰氏阳性细菌具有抑制作用,适宜发酵条件为发酵培养基最适初始pH为8.0,培养时间5d,培养温度28℃,培养转速210rpm。 相似文献
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为了验证从紫花苜蓿根际土壤中分离出的1株对根腐病致病菌——镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)具有抑制作用的菌株T2,试验通过形态学、生理生化试验、16S rDNA基因鉴定确定菌株种属，通过平板对峙试验及孢子萌发试验验证菌株T2对镰刀菌的抑菌能力，通过盆栽试验验证菌株T2对紫花苜蓿根腐病的防效。结果表明：经形态学观察、生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA基因序列分析，确定菌株T2为田无链霉菌(Streptomyces tanashiensis)。在平板对峙试验中田无链霉菌T2对腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani,F.solani)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum,F.oxysporum)、轮枝镰刀菌(Fusarium verticillioides,F.verticillioides)的抑制率分别为37.33%、53.33%和37.00%。田无链霉菌T2无菌发酵液对腐皮镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌及轮枝镰刀菌孢子萌发抑制率分别为42.11%、43.94%和44.96%。盆栽试验中，田无链霉菌T2对苗期紫花苜蓿根腐病的防效为50.21%。说明单独接种田无链霉菌T2可以促进紫花苜... 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献