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1.
本试验旨在研究从断奶到肥育结束,在饲粮中添加微生物植酸酶对猪钙、磷代谢及骨骼发育的影响。试验采用完全随机设计,将72头35日龄断奶的仔猪分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头。试验在相同钙水平基础上设4个组,分别为:1)玉米-豆粕基础日粮(对照组);2)基础日粮 植酸酶-50%磷酸氢钙(处理1);3)基础日粮 植酸酶-75%磷酸氢钙(处理2);4)基础日粮 植酸酶-100%磷酸氢钙(处理3)。试验期按体重分3个阶段:8~20 kg、20~50 kg、50~90 kg,3个阶段植酸酶的添加量分别为750、500和250 U/kg。试验结果表明:(1)在8~20 kg和20~50 kg阶段,添加植酸酶的3个处理,钙、磷消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);血钙和血磷浓度,处理1和处理2与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),处理3显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。在50~90 kg阶段,添加250 U/kg植酸酶代替100%磷酸氢钙,血磷、血钙浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05);(2)在试验的3个阶段添加植酸酶同时降低饲粮无机磷水平,对血清碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著影响(P>0.05);(3)添加植酸酶使胃中植酸磷消化率显著提高(P<0.0 1),粪中磷排出量显著降低(8~2 0 kg、2 0~5 0 kg阶段,P<0.0 1;5 0~9 0 kg阶段,P<0.0 5);(4)添加植酸酶代替50%或75%磷酸氢钙,猪的掌骨灰分与采食正常磷日粮的对照组无显著差异,但代替100%磷酸氢钙组,猪的掌骨灰分和蹠骨强度则显著低于对照组(P<0.05);添加植酸酶代替50%磷酸氢钙组,猪的蹠骨强度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),代替75%磷酸氢钙组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。总之,在断奶和生长阶段,在猪玉米-豆粕日粮中添加植酸酶可代替部分磷酸氢钙,促进了钙、磷消化利用,促进了骨骼生长,也促进了植酸磷的利用,降低了粪磷排出。  相似文献   

2.
本研究选用60头4周龄杜长大断奶仔猪(7．33 0．45kg),评价在我国南方夏季高温环境下植酸酶对高生产性能猪的生物学功效。试验设5个处理组。每个处理组设6个重复(每重复2头猪),饲喂玉米-米糠-豆粕型饲粮。在低磷水平的饲粮(负对照组)中,分别添加250PTU／kg、500PTU／kg、750PTU／kg植酸酶和0．15％无机磷(正对照组),组成5种不同的试验饲粮。试验结果表明：植酸酶的添加,显著提高了断奶到生长阶段猪的日增重和采食量;改善了血清无机磷、钙浓度;提高了饲粮中磷、钙的消化率,降低了粪中磷的排放量。试验结果说明。植酸酶可以部分替代断奶到生长阶段猪饲粮中无机磷,并减轻磷对环境的污染。本研究根据植酸酶和无机磷对猪生产性能、血清相关生化指标和饲粮中磷、钙的消化率反应的比较推断。500PTU／kg～750PTU／kg植酸酶即可替代0．15％饲料无机磷。  相似文献   

3.
本试验旨在研究不同无机磷水平日粮添加植酸酶对保育猪生长性能、血清生化指标及养分表观消化率的影响。选择(40±2)日龄保育猪224头,随机分为7个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复8头猪。处理Ⅰ为对照组,饲喂基础日粮(参照NRC(1998)配制,通过加入磷酸氢钙满足磷需要量),处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组磷酸氢钙水平分别为对照组的100%,75%、50%、25%、0%,并添加750FTU·kg-1的植酸酶,处理Ⅶ为阴性对照组,不添加磷酸氢钙和植酸酶,预试期7d,试验期35d。试验结果表明,100%、75%、50%磷酸氢钙加酶组的平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比均与对照组无显著差异(P0.05),无磷酸氢钙组添加植酸酶可以显著改善料重比(P0.05)。随日粮无机磷水平的降低,加酶组的平均日增重、平均日采食量及血清磷浓度呈线性和二次曲线降低(P0.01),血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及钙、磷、粗蛋白、干物质的表观消化率呈线性和二次曲线升高(P0.01)。无磷酸氢钙加酶组钙和磷的表观消化率显著高于阴性对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,本试验条件下,在日粮中添加植酸酶降低无机磷添加量能提高保育猪对日粮中养分的表观消化率,改善生长性能;并且,植酸酶在低磷日粮中的效果更为明显。综合各项指标,在保育猪日粮中添加750FTU·kg-1的植酸酶可以降低25%~50%的磷酸氢钙添加量。  相似文献   

4.
本试验旨在探究低磷(P)饲粮中不同添加量的植酸酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和骨骼发育的影响。试验选用35头21日龄断奶、初始均重为(7.62±0.44)kg的健康"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪,随机分为5组,每组7个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在低磷饲粮[前期:钙(Ca)5.1 g/kg,有效磷(AP)2.0 g/kg;后期:钙4.6 g/kg,有效磷1.6 g/kg]中分别添加0、250、500、1 000 FTU/kg植酸酶,试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加1 000 FTU/kg植酸酶显著提高了断奶仔猪第15~21天和第1~21天平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)(P0.05),但对料重比(F/G)无显著影响(P0.05)。2)与对照组及低磷饲粮组相比,添加植酸酶显著提高了干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、钙、磷和总能(GE)的表观消化率(P0.05),且1 000 FTU/kg各项指标优于其他试验组。3)与对照组相比,添加1 000 FTU/kg植酸酶显著提高了第3掌骨的骨骼长度(P0.05)。由此可知,玉米-豆粕饲粮中添加植酸酶能够显著改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,提高养分表观消化率,促进仔猪骨骼的发育,节约饲料经济成本;在本试验条件下,21日龄断奶仔猪饲喂有效磷1.6~2.0 g/kg的玉米-豆粕型饲粮时,植酸酶适宜添加量为1 000 FTU/kg。  相似文献   

5.
本试验研究了在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加微生物植酸酶和柠檬酸对钙、磷利用率的影响。试验采用完全随机设计,将72头体重相近、遗传基础相似的35日龄断奶的杜长大三元杂交仔猪分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头猪。试验在相同钙水平基础上设4个处理组。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮;处理1基础饲粮-50%磷酸氢钙;处理2基础饲粮 植酸酶(500U/kg)-50%磷酸氢钙;处理3基础饲粮 植酸酶(500U/kg) 柠檬酸(0.5%)-50%磷酸氢钙。试验结果表明,(1)添加植酸酶或植酸酶和柠檬酸,钙、磷消化率显著高于对照组;血钙和血磷浓度,各处理与对照组无显著差异。(2)添加植酸酶或植酸酶和柠檬酸不影响血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性(P>0.05)。(3)添加植酸酶或植酸酶和柠檬酸使胃中植酸磷消化率极显著提高,粪中磷排出量极显著降低。(4)添加植酸酶或植酸酶和柠檬酸,猪的掌骨灰分和跖骨强度与采食正常磷饲粮的对照组无显著差异。(5)植酸酶与柠檬酸合用较之单添植酸酶有更高植酸磷消化率和更低的粪磷排出量(P<0.05)。总之,在断奶阶段,在猪玉米-豆粕型饲粮中添加植酸酶或植酸酶和柠檬酸可代替部分磷酸氢钙,促进了钙、磷消化利用,促进了骨骼生长,也促进了植酸磷的利用,降低了粪磷排出。植酸酶与柠檬酸合用,有助于提高植酸磷的消化率和降低粪磷排出,存在显著的协同效应。  相似文献   

6.
本研究选用60头4周龄杜长大断奶仔猪(7.33±0.45kg),评价在我国南方夏季高温环境下植酸酶对高生产性能猪的生物学功效.试验设5个处理组,每个处理组设6个重复(每重复2头猪),饲喂玉米-米糠-豆粕型饲粮.在低磷水平的饲粮(负对照组)中,分别添加250PTU/kg、500PTU/kg、750PTU/kg植酸酶和0.15%无机磷(正对照组),组成5种不同的试验饲粮.试验结果表明植酸酶的添加,显著提高了断奶到育成阶段猪的日增重和采食量;改善了血清无机磷、钙浓度;提高了饲粮中磷、钙的消化率,降低了粪中磷的排放量.试验结果表明,植酸酶可以部分替代断奶到育成阶段猪饲粮中无机磷,并减轻磷对环境的污染.本研究根据植酸酶和无机磷对猪生产性能、血清相关生化指标和饲粮中磷、钙的消化率反应的比较推断,500～750PTU/kg植酸酶即可替代0.15%饲料无机磷.  相似文献   

7.
本研究选用60头4周龄杜长大断奶仔猪(7.33±0.45kg),评价在我国南方夏季高温环境下植酸酶对高生产性能猪的生物学功效。试验设5个处理组,每个处理组设6个重复(每重复2头猪),饲喂玉米-米糠-豆粕型饲粮。在低磷水平的饲粮(负对照组)中,分别添加250PTU/kg、500PTU/kg、750PTU/kg植酸酶和0.15%无机磷(正对照组),组成5种不同的试验饲粮。试验结果表明:植酸酶的添加,显著提高了断奶到育成阶段猪的日增重和采食量;改善了血清无机磷、钙浓度;提高了饲粮中磷、钙的消化率,降低了粪中磷的排放量。试验结果表明,植酸酶可以部分替代断奶到育成阶段猪饲粮中无机磷,并减轻磷对环境的污染。本研究根据植酸酶和无机磷对猪生产性能、血清相关生化指标和饲粮中磷、钙的消化率反应的比较推断,500～750PTU/kg植酸酶即可替代0.15%饲料无机磷。  相似文献   

8.
本试验研究低磷日粮中添加植酸酶对生长猪生产性能及饲料中磷、钙和蛋白质表观消化率的影响。试验采用2个4×4拉丁方设计,对照组(饲粮中不添加植酸酶)和加酶组(植酸酶浓度为500 FTU/kg饲粮)。以8头始重为35～40 kg的杜长二元杂种阉猪为试材,运用平衡试验法,研究植酸酶对小麦、稻谷和高粱3种植物性饲料中磷、钙和蛋白质表观消化率的影响。试验采用限量饲喂,即在满足维持能量需要的基础上,满足生长能量需要的80%饲喂。结果:①试验猪的平均日增重稍低于该品种正常饲养条件下的平均日增重,但加酶组与对照组比较,试猪的平均日增重均较高。②试验测得,与对照组比较,添加植酸酶使小麦、高粱和稻谷中的总磷表观消化率分别提高27.64%、47.87%和41.84%,3种饲料多重比较差异均极显著(P<0.01);与对照组相比,小麦、高梁和稻谷饲粮组磷的沉积率分别是提高27.98%、47.35%和40.63%,3种饲料多重比较差异均极显著(P<0.01);③钙的表观消化率,加酶组均高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);④蛋白质的表观消化率,加酶组均高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明,在低磷日粮中添加植酸酶能改善生长猪的生长性能,显著提高饲料原料中磷的表观消化率,也提高了饲粮中钙和蛋白质的表观消化率。  相似文献   

9.
文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平米糠及植酸酶对生长猪养分消化率及钙磷代谢的影响。试验选择48头平均体重为(87.0±2.45)kg的生长猪,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复2头猪。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,处理组用7.5%、15%、30%的米糠替代基础日粮,同时另外两组在对照组和30%米糠组分别添加750IU/kg植酸酶,试验共进行2周,包括1周适应期和1周试验期。结果显示:随着日粮米糠添加水平的升高,干物质、能量、氮、纤维、钙表观消化率显著线性升高(P<0.05),而磷表观消化率显著线性降低(P<0.05)。随着日粮米糠添加水平的升高钙沉积率显著升高(P<0.05),对磷代谢平衡其他指标均具有显著升高的影响(P<0.05),粪氮量显著升高(P<0.05),其他氮平衡指标显著降低(P<0.05)。日粮添加植酸酶显著提了磷、脂肪和钙表观消化率(P<0.05),而米糠添加水平显著提高了养分表观消化率(P<0.05)。米糠替代基础日粮添加植酸酶显著提高了钙沉积率(P<0.05),显著提高了磷的吸收和沉积量(P<0.05)。结论:猪日粮中添加米糠较玉米-豆粕型日粮降低了磷表观消化率,添加植酸酶后可以改善氮、磷代谢。  相似文献   

10.
本试验目的在于研究低磷、低蛋白饲粮中添加耐热植酸酶和复合酶对崇仁麻鸡生长性能和血清生化指标及营养物质表观消化率的影响。选择1日龄崇仁麻鸡400羽,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每重复20羽,分别饲喂4种不同的饲粮：Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ组试验组饲喂低磷、低蛋白饲粮,Ⅲ组试验组饲喂低磷、低蛋白饲粮添加500 U/kg耐热植酸酶,Ⅳ组试验组饲喂低磷、低蛋白饲粮添加500 U/kg耐热植酸酶+0.05 g/kg复合酶。试验期28d。结果表明：（1）与对照组相比,35日龄崇仁麻鸡试验组Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组各项生长性能差异不显著,但试验Ⅳ组体重和平均日增重显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),料重比显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。(2）与对照组相比,试验组血清中甘油三脂、胆固醇、碱性磷酸酶和尿素氮含量有不同程度提高,但差异均不显著（P>0.05）。(3）与对照组相比,Ⅳ组粗蛋白表观消化率和总磷的表观消化率显著提高（P<0.05）;各组之间灰分和钙的表观消化率差异不显著（P>0.05）。由此可知,低磷、低蛋白饲粮中添加500 U/kg耐热植酸酶+0.05g/kg复合酶组改善了...  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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