共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 285 毫秒
1.
东北水稻生产与杂草防除 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
黑龙江省、吉林省和辽宁省2007年水稻播种面积分别为225．32万hm^2、67万hm^2和66．06万hm^2,稻谷产量分别为6300kg／hm^2、7470kg／hm^2和7650kg／hm^2。水稻主要栽培方式为旱育秧机械插秧和手工插秧。黑龙江、吉林和辽宁省2008年机械插秧面积分别为30．7万hm^2、6万hm^2和6．67万hm^2。黑龙江省稻田主要杂草有稻稗、稗草、千金子、李氏禾、水莎草、扁秆蔗草、雨久花、泽泻、野慈姑、葡茎剪股颖、疣草、狼巴草、杂草稻等;吉林省稻田主要杂草有稗草、鸭舌革、眼子菜、雨久花、牛毛毡、野慈姑、扁秆藤草、萤蔺、异型莎草、狼巴草、泽泻、李氏禾、千金子等;辽宁省稻田主要杂草有稗草、藤草、萤蔺、雨久花、扁秆藤草、鸭舌草、野慈姑、牛毛毡、匐茎剪股颖、眼子菜、陌上菜、疣草、荇菜、苦草、水绵等。杂草防控技术主要是在早育秧田使用丁草胺·扑草净、丁草胺·嗯草灵或杀草丹等;移栽田使用杀稗剂[如禾大壮、丁草胺、丙草胺（含安全剂）、苯噻酰草胺、二氯喹啉酸、稻思达、嗯草灵、莎稗灵]与磺酰脲类除草剂或苯达松和2甲4氯等的复配剂,也有现混现用防除一年生和部分多年生杂草,用千金（氰氟草酯）防除千金子,用稻杰（五氟磺草胺）防除抗药性稗草。存在的主要问题是气象灾害如干旱、全球气候变暖等逐年加重、杂草对杀稗剂和磺酰脲类除草剂的抗药性生物型增加、杂草稻在黑龙江和辽宁省的局部地区严重发生。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
水稻播种面积,上海10.87万hm2、安徽253.33万hm2、浙江95.43万hm2、江苏220万hm2。稻谷单产,上海7 890 kg/hm2,安徽6 150 kg/hm2、浙江6 675 kg/hm2、江苏7 905 kg/hm2。水稻栽培方式主要为直播(手工撒播和机械直播)、移栽(手工插秧和机械插秧)和抛秧,其中直播稻占水稻播种面积的比例,上海84%、安徽13%、浙江37%、江苏33%。稻田主要杂草种群,上海有千金子、稗草、双穗雀稗、假稻、水苋菜等;安徽有千金子、稗草、鸭舌草、雨久花、异型莎草、扁秆藨草、节节菜,少量双穗雀稗、零星发生的有水竹叶、空心莲子草等;浙江海盐有稗草、千金子、水莎草、矮慈姑、节节菜、水蓼、假稻、双穗雀稗、水竹叶等,浙江温州有稗草、鸭舌草、空心莲子草、双穗雀稗和李氏禾等;江苏有稗草、稻稗、千金子、杂草稻、鸭舌草、陌上菜、水莎草、扁秆藨草等。杂草防控技术,秧田主要使用丙草胺(含安全剂)、优克稗.苄嘧磺隆、二氯喹啉酸、禾大壮等防除以稗草为主的一年生杂草。直播稻田采用"一封、二杀、三补"的防除策略,主要使用除草剂复配剂或现混现用。使用千金(氰氟草酯)防除千金子,使用稻杰(五氟磺草胺)防除对二氯喹啉酸已经产生抗性的稗草生物型。目前,存在和必须重视的问题是局部地区杂草稻严重发生、出现除草剂残留对作物的药害、杂草对除草剂的抗药性生物型明显增加。 相似文献
6.
从2004年开始,延边地区稻田大量发生抗磺酰脲类除草剂苄嘧磺隆的抗药性生态型雨久花。为解析其抗药性突变机制,采用离体法测定了抗、感性雨久花乙酰乳酸合成酶活性。结果表明,抑制抗、感性雨久花乙酰乳酸合成酶活性50%的苄嘧磺隆剂量为253.44×10-7mol/L和2.80×10-7mol/L;抑制抗、感性雨久花乙酰乳酸合成酶活性50%的吡嘧磺隆剂量为1802.15×10-7mol/L和20.85×10-7mol/L。抗药性雨久花对苄嘧磺隆和吡嘧磺隆的抗性系数(RI50/SI50)值分别为90.6和86.5,并存在交互抗药性。确认抗药性突变系由其乙酰乳酸合成酶对磺酰脲类除草剂苄嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆反应钝化所致。 相似文献
7.
苄黄隆系江苏省激素研究所研制的广谱、高效、用量少、低毒、安全,具内吸传导作用的磺酰脲类稻田除草剂。稻田应用10%苄黄隆可湿性粉,每公顷200、300克,防除雨久花特效,防除野慈姑、泽泻、眼子菜、异型莎草等效果达90%以上。但对稗草防效差,它与丁草胺、杀草丹、果尔等除稗剂复配,可扩大杀草谱。经三年试验示范实践证明,其复配在稻田中进行一次施药,能基本控制稻田杂草危害,并可降低用药成本,是当前比较理想的复配剂。 相似文献
8.
《杂草科学》2019,(2)
为明确东北地区不同稻田区稻稗对五氟磺草胺、二氯喹啉酸和■唑酰草胺的抗性情况,采用整株生物测定法研究东北地区32个稻稗种群对3种除草剂的多抗性情况及抗性水平。结果表明:在32个稻稗种群中,3个种群(HLJ4、LN1、LN24)对3种除草剂产生了多抗性,其中HLJ4种群对二氯喹啉酸产生了高水平的抗药性,LN1和LN24种群对二氯喹啉酸产生了极高水平的抗药性,抗性指数分别为65.85、145.21和269.60;HLJ4和LN1种群对■唑酰草胺产生了高水平的抗药性,抗性指数分别为10.64和23.59,LN24对■唑酰草胺产生了中等水平的抗药性,抗性指数为9.86。HLJ4、LN24、LN1分别对五氟磺草胺产生了低、中、高水平的抗药性,抗性指数分别为4.80、8.66、25.67。 相似文献
9.
我国水稻田杂草抗药性研究进展 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
水稻是我国最主要的粮食作物之一,杂草的危害严重影响了水稻的产量与品质。化学防除仍然是治理水稻田杂草最有效的途径。目前我国水稻田稗属杂草、千金子、马唐、雨久花、野慈姑、异型莎草、耳叶水苋、眼子菜、节节菜、萤蔺等多种杂草对二氯喹啉酸、五氟磺草胺、氰氟草酯、噁唑酰草胺、苄嘧磺隆、吡嘧磺隆、双草醚、噁草酮、乙氧氟草醚等多种常用除草剂产生了抗药性。面对日趋严重的水稻田抗药性杂草的危害,对抗药性杂草进行深入系统的研究以达到科学防治的目的显得尤为重要。本文总结了我国水稻田抗药性杂草的抗药性水平、靶标酶抗药性机理、代谢酶抗药性机理和其他抗药性机理,归纳了抗药性杂草的交互抗性、多抗性发生情况以及抗药性治理现状,分析了我们在杂草抗药性研究与治理方面面临的问题。 相似文献
10.
五氟磺草胺是一种乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂类除草剂。为探明稻田稗草对五氟磺草胺的抗性现状,采用整株生物测定法测定了采自中国7省70地稻区的稗草田间种群对五氟磺草胺的抗性。结果表明:所监测的稗草种群对五氟磺草胺均产生了不同程度的抗性,其中高水平抗性种群达50.0%,中水平抗性种群达47.1%,低水平抗性种群为2.9%,无敏感种群。在湖北、安徽、宁夏和黑龙江4省中,高水平抗性种群均达60%以上;其他3省的高水平抗性种群也在25%以上。湖南、江西和江苏3省中等水平抗性种群均在60%以上,其他4个省份在20.0%~40.0%之间。湖北省和黑龙江省低水平抗性种群分别为10.0%和12.5%,其他5个省份均无低水平抗性种群。本研究揭示了中国主要稻区稗草田间种群对五氟磺草胺的抗性现状,可为合理应用五氟磺草胺防控稻田稗草提供理论依据。 相似文献
11.
福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
F.M. Ashton O.T. de Villiers R.K. Glenn W.B. Duke 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(2):122-141
Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate 14C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides. 相似文献
15.
Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
16.
E. LIMPERT B. C. CLIFFORD A. DREISEITL R. JOHNSON K. MÜLLER A. ROELFS C. WELLINGS 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(1):109-112
A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results. 相似文献
17.
Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
18.
Magdalina I. Luzhnova Lyudmila M. Shekhtman 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(3):205-210
The effect of meturine on the light processes of photosynthesis was studied.Meturine is a herbicide for weed control in potato and cotton crops. It is a N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea.The experiments were carried out on isolated pea and spinach chloroplasts.When examining photosystem I, reduced DPIP was used as an electron donor, whereas methyl-viologen served as an electron acceptor. When examining photosystem II, DPIP represented the electron acceptor.The obtained experimental results have pointed to the absence of the effect of meturine upon the photoreaction I.Unlike N-phenyl—N′, N′-dimethylureas (CMU, DCMU) meturine has been a very weak inhibitor of photoreaction II.The authors explain the photoreaction II inhibition of chloroplasts from plants treated with herbicidal doses of meturine by conversion of N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea into Hill reaction inhibitor(s). N-Phenyl—N′-methylurea can be one of such meturine metabolites.Meturine herbicidal action is accounted for by meturine transformation into Hill reaction inhibitor(s) in the plant tissues. 相似文献
19.
The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACT Conventional models for the durability of resistant cultivars focus on the dynamics of the frequency of resistance genes. This leads to a definition of the durability of resistance as the time from introduction of the cultivar to the time when the frequency of the virulence gene reaches a preset threshold. It is questionable whether this is the most appropriate way to measure durability. Here we use a simple epidemiological model to link population dynamics and population genetics to compare three measures of durability: (i) the expected time until invasion of the virulent genotype, by mutation or immigration, and subsequent establishment of a population (T(invasion)); (ii) the virulence frequency related measure of the time for the virulent genotype to take-over the pathogen population ( T(take-over)); and (iii) the additional yield, measured by the additional number of uninfected host growth days (T(additional)). Specifically, we show how the measures of durability are affected by deployment and epidemiological parameters. We use a combination of numerical solution and analytical approximation of a model for the population dynamics of avirulent and virulent genotypes of a pathogen growing in dynamically changing populations of resistant and susceptible cultivars. The three measures of durability are compared. Some consequences of the results for durable resistance in multilines and mixtures and the regional deployment of resistant cultivars are discussed. 相似文献