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冻煮IQF杂色蛤肉加工工艺 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杂色蛤是浅海中生长的一种双壳贝类,其肉营养丰富,脂肪低,蛋白质和钙含量较高。近几年在辽宁、山东、福建等沿海省市的滩涂海域捕捞和养殖产量增长迅速,辽宁丹东东港市每年出口日本100t～200t。杂色蛤可以加工成多种产品,如:冻煮IQF(单冻)杂色蛤肉,生开块冻杂色蛤肉,生开漂烫杂 相似文献
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蚝油是粤菜传统调味品,营养丰富,味道鲜美,深受人们的喜爱。传统生产蚝油的原料是采用加工牡蛎干(蚝豉)的煮汁,或制罐头时预煮牡蛎的煮汁,经加热浓缩后的浓缩蚝汁进行加工而成的。其工艺流程如下:鲜蚝剥壳→洗涤→煮溶→过滤→浓缩→入缸贮存→加配料→常温搅拌→加热搅拌→装瓶→封口→杀菌→成品。 本人根据多年实践,探索出了用新原料生产蚝油的工艺,现简介如下,供参考。 采用新原料生产蚝油的原料是直接把新鲜蚝,或个体小的、破肚的、破碎的新鲜蚝,磨成浆作为生产蚝油的原料。 一、工艺流程 相似文献
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鸟蛤在辽宁、山东沿海均有分布。我公司经日商现场指导,对鸟蛤进行加工,生产出了合格的出口产品。下面简单介绍一下加工工艺,供参考。 一、卫生要求 冻煮鸟蛤肉成品经解冻后可直接食用,所以必须严格注意操作卫生。 二、工艺流程 原料经海水冲洗→挑选→开壳取肉→去外套膜→海水清洗鸟蛤足的部份→切足去脏→海水清洗→烫煮→选规格、控水→定量装盘→摆盘→速冻→脱盘→包装→冷藏→检验出口。 三、操作要点 相似文献
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太平洋牡蛎在-3℃微冻贮藏过程中的品质和细菌茵相变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）为研究对象,对其在-3℃微冻贮藏过程中的感官品质、细菌总数和细菌菌相变化情况进行了分析。结果表明,牡蛎在微冻贮藏过程中,感官评分呈下降的趋势,至第30天时已接近感官拒绝点。细菌总数呈先减少后增加的趋势,第60天贮藏期末时为4．1lg cfu·g^-1。牡蛎生鲜样品的初始菌相比较复杂,分离到的菌株分别属于14个属（科）,其中假单胞菌（Pseudomonas spp．）和弧菌（Vibrionaceae）为优势菌,比例分别为22％和20％。微冻贮藏过程中,各个菌属的比例有不同程度的变化,其中假单胞菌比例不断增加,成为牡蛎微冻贮藏过程中的优势菌。 相似文献
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王锭安!广东省湛江市调顺 《中国水产》1997,(9)
以新鲜蚝、猪瘦肉为原料，制成的鲜蚝瘦肉汤罐头，不仅是一种营养丰富、味道鲜美的菜肴，而且具有养血宁心之功效。一、工艺流程原料验收-原料处理-预煮-挑选-称量猪瘦肉-切丁-炒熟-装罐-加汤-真空封罐-杀菌-冷却-保温试验-包装-成品二、操作要点1．原料验收：（1）采用新鲜度良好的鲜牡蛎。烟体完整，无破肚、断头等现象，无水，无日晒，含壳、沙等杂质少。蛎体饱满或稍软，呈乳白色，体液澄清、白色或淡灰色，有牡蛎固有的气味，无异味。卫生质量应符合（（GB27－1996海水贝类卫生标准》的有关规定。不得使用腐败变质或受污染的牡蛎。（2… 相似文献
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四种常见染料对黄鳝鲜、冻精子染色效果的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解甲基绿、姬姆萨、台盼蓝和伊红Y这4种常见染料对黄鳝新鲜和冷冻精子的染色效果,从而为黄鳝精子超低温冷冻保存损伤机理的研究及超低温冷冻保存方法的改进提供依据,用这4种染料进行了对比染色试验.结果显示:(1)伊红Y为黄鳝鲜、冻精的最佳染料,最佳染色时间均为1 min,染色前鲜、冻精子均不需要固定.(2)以伊红Y为染料时,延长染色时间,染色效果无明显变化;以甲基绿为染料时,随着染色时间的延长,鲜、冻精子的颜色加深;以姬姆萨为染料时,随着染色时间的延长,鲜精颜色加深,而冻精则分不清细胞核和细胞质;以台盼蓝为染料时,延长染色时间,鲜精颜色加深,而对冻精的染色效果无明显变化.(3)在试验时间(1 -7 d)内,延长精子的冷冻时间对染色效果无明显影响. 相似文献
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以HBSS溶液为稀释液,DMSO为抗冻剂,0.25 mL麦细管为冻存管,两步降温法超低温冻存黄姑鱼精子,并用单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)技术检测了冻精的DNA损伤,荧光双染色流式细胞仪技术(FCM)检测了冻精的细胞膜性结构损伤。结果表明,DMSO质量分数在5%~20%时,冻精的活力与鲜精相比无显著差异;其中DMSO质量分数在10%时,冻精的激活率、运动时间及寿命分别为85.25%±3.95%、(3.23±0.27) min及(3.83±0.33) min。DMSO质量分数在25%、30%时,冻精的活力显著下降。SCGE检测显示,DMSO质量分数在5%~15%时、冻精的DNA损伤与鲜精相比差异不显著,DMSO质量分数为20%、25%、30%时,冻精的DNA损伤明显加重,冻精的DNA损伤与抗冻剂DMSO的质量分数成正相关。FCM检测显示,DMSO质量分数在5%~20%时,冻精中线粒体及细胞膜结构保持完整性的精子比例与鲜精相比无显著差异,DMSO质量分数在25%、30%时,冻精中的线粒体及细胞膜结构保持完整性的精子比例明显下降。分析认为,较高质量分数的DMSO是引起冻精活力下降,DNA、线粒体及细胞膜结构损伤加重的主要原因。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献