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1.
贵州南五味子多糖对鸡细胞免疫和体液免疫的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用600只15日龄海兰褐雏鸡,随机分为5个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复40只鸡,皮下注射贵州南五味子多糖10、20mg/kg、黄芪多糖20mg/kg、环磷酰胺40mg/kg及生理盐水。空白对照组,连续给药3d后免疫新城疫疫苗,分别于免疫后7、14、21、28和35d时,各处理组随机抽取8只鸡检测各项免疫指标,探讨不同处理组对雏鸡免疫功能的影响。本试验结果表明,皮下注射10～20mg/kg贵州南五味子多糖可显著促进鸡外周血T淋巴细胞增殖,IL-2的产生(P<0.01);可使CD4+/CD8+淋巴细胞比值明显升高(P<0.01);可使鸡体内抗ND抗体滴度明显升高(P<0.01);可使法氏囊、胸腺的脏器指数均明显升高(P<0.01)。 相似文献
2.
Ueda Y Aohagi Y Nakahara S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(12):1289-1291
One hundred thirty-seven broiler chickens at a poultry meat processing plant had dark green to black livers. Thirty-one chickens of these were collected at random and examined pathologically and biochemically. All of thirty-one chickens were female. The chickens showed mild retarded growth and a remarkable atrophy of the gallbladders. Microscopically, the livers showed dark brown pigments in the Kupffer cells, hepatocytes, and portal triads. These pigments showed birefringence with a Maltese-cross pattern under polarized light. Hyperplasia of the cholangioles, fibrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells were present in the portal triads. All the examined samples showed the same dark brown pigments in alveolar walls of the lungs. A high concentration of protoporphyrin was detected in affected livers, marrow, and feces (489, 104, and 116 microg/g wet wt., respectively) by biochemical assay. 相似文献
3.
Bebak JA Welch TJ Starliper CE Baya AM Garner MM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(1):114-116
CASE DESCRIPTION: A cohort of 35,200, 13-week-old, female rainbow trout at a fish farm was evaluated because of a 2-week history of anorexia and lethargy and a mortality rate of approximately 100 fish/d. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Affected fish were lethargic and thin and had disequilibrium, bilateral exophthalmia, pale red gills and kidneys, red-tinged coelomic fluid, and pale brown livers. Some fish were differentially pigmented bilaterally. The presumptive diagnosis was bacterial or viral septicemia. The definitive diagnosis was rainbow trout fry syndrome caused by infection with Flavobacterium psychrophilum. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: A strategy for controlling the outbreak based on reducing pathogen numbers in affected tanks and reducing pathogen spread among tanks was developed. The option of treating with antimicrobial-medicated feed was discussed with the farmer, but was declined. After changes were made, mortality rate declined quickly, with no more deaths within 10 days after the initial farm visit. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bacterial coldwater disease is the most common manifestation of infection with F psychrophilum in fingerling and adult rainbow trout. However, the organism can also cause rainbow trout fry syndrome. This condition should be included on a list of differential diagnoses for septicemia in hatchery-reared rainbow trout fry. 相似文献
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选择1日龄闽中麻鸡256羽,预饲1周后随机分为4组:A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B、C、D组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加20、40和80 mg/kg的钒。试验期42 d。于14,21,28,35和42日龄每组随机取鸡6羽,解剖取肝和胰腺称重并取材,制作石蜡切片和超薄切片,研究不同钒水平对动物消化腺平均质量、器官指数及组织结构的影响。结果B组的肝和胰腺平均质量均高于A组,C组和D组肝脏的平均质量均低于A组,部分日龄差异显著(P<0.05);C组和D组的器官指数大于A组,部分日龄差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)。B组比A组的肝细胞线粒体和粗面内质网发达;胰腺的亮胰岛多且大。C组和D组的肝和胰腺出现细胞肿胀、变性、坏死等不同程度的病变。结果表明,在动物的日粮中添加20 mg/kg钒可以改善消化腺的组织结构,超过40 mg/kg会影响消化腺的发育,80 mg/kg损伤消化腺的组织结构。 相似文献
7.
M Atef S A Youssef A M Amer H A el-Bana R M Hessen 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1991,98(8):303-306
The metabolic behaviour and tissue distribution of nalidixic acid in normal and E. coli infected chickens were carried out using spectrofluorimetric and microbiological techniques following a single and multiple oral administration of 25 mg/kg b. wt. The obtained results revealed that free nalidixic acid (free NA) is the major fraction of the total drug concentration in serum, liver and kidneys. The free active nalidixic acid was in a higher concentration than hydroxynalidixic acid (free HNA) and both conjugates of NA and HNA following single and multiple oral administration. The obtained results showed that nalidixic acid was highly distributed in all tissues in normal and E. coli infected chickens, with the highest concentrations in kidneys, liver and heart and lowest concentrations in brain, muscles and intestine following oral administration of 25 mg/kg b. wt. twice daily for 5 successive days. Spectrofluorimetic technique was more sensitive for nalidixic acid determination than microbiological method. Nalidixic acid revealed longer withdrawal time in diseased chickens than in normal chickens. 相似文献
8.
MP HEGARTY WR KELLY D. McEWAN OJ WILLIAM R. CAMERON 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(11):337-340
SUMMARY: An outbreak of liver disease which killed more than 30 dogs at Alice Springs was associated with feeding meat from horses, some of which had developed Indigofera linnaei poisoning (Birdsville horse disease). Affected livers were small, nodular and yellow. There was associated jaundice, ascites, elevation of alanine aminotransferase levels in serum, a tendency to bleed, and signs of hepatic encephalopathy. Histologically, livers showed periacinar necrosis, collapse and haemorrhage, with severe swelling, vacuolation and cholestasis in remaining hepatocytes. Indospicine, a toxic amino acid found in the genus Indigofera, was detected in samples of suspect horsemeat. Experimental feeding of horsemeat containing 16 mg indospicine/kg for 32 days produced periacinar necrosis and hepatocellular swelling in 2 dogs, although neither died nor showed clinical illness. In another experiment, intakes of as little as 0.13 mg indospicine/kg bodyweightlday for 70 days produced periacinar liver lesions, and indospicine concentrations in serum, muscle and liver rose during this period to 3.9, 7.9 and 17.5 mg/kg, respectively. It was concluded that meat from horses grazing l. linnael can be hepatotoxic for dogs, and that this toxicity may be related to its indospicine content. 相似文献
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Analytical methods were introduced for the determination of residues of ectoparasiticides containing pyrethroid and organophosphate active ingredients in foods. Milk and edible tissues of cows treated with three experimental ectoparasiticides (containing cypermethrin + diazinon, deltamethrin + diazinon and alphamethrin + diazinon, respectively) were assayed for the presence of active ingredient residues. Synthetic pyrethroid residues were not detected in any of the samples processed. Diazinon residues could only be detected in milk samples taken on the first day after treatment (0.005-0.025 mg/kg) and in liver and fat tissue samples taken on the day of slaughtering (0.12 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively). Permethrin and propetamphos residues were determined in the skin, meat and liver of chickens kept on 'Blotic-B' treated litter and in eggs collected at different times after the treatment of layer houses. Permethrin residues could not be detected in any of the samples (< 0.01 mg/kg). Meat and fat tissues of chickens slaughtered on the day after treatment contained small amounts of propetamphos (0.003 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively). In the case of chickens kept on the treated litter and slaughtered after one week, active ingredient was not detected in meat, but 0.006 mg/kg propetamphos was present in the fat. The residue content of other samples (liver, egg) was below the detection limit of the applied method at all sampling times. From the food toxicological point of view these pesticide combinations can be used safely if the recommended withdrawal period is observed between ectoparasiticide administration and slaughter. 相似文献
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射干麻黄地龙散对鸡肝肾功能及脏器剖检的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本试验旨在了解射干麻黄地龙散的安全性,为临床用药提供数据支持。选取120只21日龄三黄肉鸡,随机分为3倍剂量组、6倍剂量组、12倍剂量组和对照组,每组30只。在21和35日龄时分别按试验鸡的平均体重给予不同剂量的药物,并连续饲喂2周。在35和49日龄时,各组随机选取10只进行采血和剖检。测定肝肾功能指标,同时对剖检鸡的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏进行病理检查。结果显示,各组鸡的血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性及肌酐含量与药物剂量间无规律性变化,白蛋白含量和尿素含量与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。用药后,各组鸡的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏均无明显差异,表现正常。结果表明,射干麻黄地龙散对鸡肝肾功能的影响小,病理剖检未见对心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏产生毒性作用,是一种适合临床应用的低毒、安全的中药制剂。 相似文献
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Four commercial strains of chickens, namely, ISA brown leghorn (ISA), TETRA-SL brown (TETRA-SL), Lohmann brown (LB), and Lohmann LSL (LSL), were infected with a well-defined clonal culture of Histomonas meleagridis (H. meleagridis/Turkey/Austria/2922-C6/04) to investigate their susceptibility to histomonosis. Each group included 16 chickens, which were housed under the same conditions in separate pens. All chickens were infected with 10(4) histomonads orally and intracloacally at 14 days of age. No mortality or clinical signs were observed during the experiment in all birds. Three birds of each chicken strain were euthanatized on days 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 postinfection. Incidence of histomonosis on the basis of cecal lesions was found to be 64.00% in TETRA-SL, 62.50% in LB, 53.12% in LSL, and 43.75% in ISA chickens. Fewer lesions were noticed in livers than in ceca, with an incidence of 15.62% in TETRA-SL, 9.37% in LB, and 3.12% in ISA chickens. No liver lesions were found in the LSL chickens. Statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in susceptibility to experimental H. meleagridis infection based on cecal and liver involvement. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry were found to be reliable tools to confirm the presence of histomonads and changes in the ceca. However, some negative PCR results were recorded from the livers despite the presence of macroscopic lesions. Additionally, DNA of H. meleagridis was detected by PCR in a few of the lungs, but immunohistochemistry was negative. Nucleic acid of the protozoan parasite was not detected in samples from kidney, brain, spleen, or bursa of Fabricius. Altogether, the high susceptibility of commercial chicken lines to histomonosis could be demonstrated and characterized by severe lesions in the ceca and insignificant involvement of the liver, approaching a maximum on days 7-14 postinfection. 相似文献
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类黄酮对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血液生化特性的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
试验选用864只39周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为3个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复96只鸡,采用单因素随机试验设计,分别饲喂添加0、30 mg/kg蜂胶黄酮（PF）和6 mg/kg大豆黄酮（DA）的玉米-豆粕型日粮8周。结果表明,日粮中添加PF和DA对蛋鸡产蛋率、破软壳率、料蛋比有改善的趋势;日粮中添加PF和DA能够显著降低蛋黄胆固醇的含量,在蛋保存的第7和14天两者均能不同程度降低蛋黄丙二醛的含量;在试验第4、8周,日粮中添加DA和PF能够显著提高血清HDL水平（P<0.05）,在试验第8周,DA显著降低血清TC和TG水平,而PF显著降低血清TC水平并显著提高血清胰岛素水平（P<0.05）;此外,日粮中添加DA和PF能够显著提高第4周时T、B淋巴细胞转化率（P<0.05）,且添加PF显著提高第8周时T淋巴细胞转化率（P<0.05）。 相似文献
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El-Abasy M Motobu M Sameshima T Koge K Onodera T Hirota Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(1):117-119
The effects of sugar cane extracts (SCE) on immune responses in chickens were studied. Two- or 10-month-old chickens orally administered SCE (500 mg/kg/day), for 3 consecutive days before immunized with sheep red blood cells, Brucella abortus and Salmonella Enteritidis organisms, showed significantly increased and prolonged antibody responses to these antigens, compared to control chickens without SCE. Furthermore, chickens orally administered SCE also revealed enhanced delayed type hypersensitivity responses to human gamma globulin. These results indicated that SCE has immunostimulating and adjuvant effects in chickens. 相似文献
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本试验旨在应用庆大霉素(GM)诱导建立小鼠亚急性肾损伤的模型,初探维吾尔药刺糖对庆大霉素肾损伤的保护作用。将健康昆明系小鼠28只随机分为7组,分别为A组(125 mg/kg GM)、B组(100 mg/kg GM)、C组(80 mg/kg GM)、D组(125 mg/kg GM+刺糖)、E组(100 mg/kg GM+刺糖)、F组(80 mg/kg GM+刺糖)及G组(对照组),连续用药7 d,于第8天采血后处死,分别测定血液中非蛋白氮(NPN)含量及肾脏、肝脏、脾脏的重量。试验结果显示,D组和F组血液中非蛋白氮(NPN)含量和肾脏系数分别与A组及C组相比差异显著(P<0.05);E组血液中NPN含量与B组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),而E组与B组肾脏系数相比差异显著(P<0.05)。A、B、C 3组对小鼠的肾脏都有不同程度的损伤。试验结果表明,刺糖对125和80 mg/kg GM所致的肾损伤起到了明显的保护作用,但对100 mg/kg GM所致的肾损伤未起到明显的保护作用。 相似文献
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A broiler breeder operation experienced a sudden outbreak of high mortality in nine different houses of breeders at eight different locations. In the first house to be affected, the losses were mainly in the females, but later flocks had losses up to 6.4%, mainly in the males. Affected chickens ranged in age from 7 to 22.5 weeks. Multifocal areas of necrosis and vasculitis were found in skin, muscle, and internal organs. No involvement of the brain was identified, but many of the birds had uveitis. The outbreak lasted 3 weeks and ended without treatment. Neither infectious agents nor mycotoxins were identified. 相似文献
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Pharmacokinetic characteristics and tissue residues for marbofloxacin and its metabolite N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin in broiler chickens 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Anadón A Martínez-Larrañaga MR Díaz MJ Martínez MA Frejo MT Martínez M Tafur M Castellano VJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(7):927-933
OBJECTIVES: To determine pharmacokinetic characteristics of marbofloxacin after a single IV and oral administration and tissue residues after serial daily oral administration in chickens. ANIMALS: 40 healthy broiler chickens. PROCEDURE: Two groups of chickens (groups A and B; 8 chickens/group) were administered a single IV and oral administration of marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg). Chickens of group C (n = 24) were given serial daily doses of marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h for 3 days). Plasma (groups A and B) and tissue concentrations (group C) of marbofloxacin and its major metabolite N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin were determined by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Residues of marbofloxacin and N-desmethylmarbofloxacin were measured in target tissues. RESULTS: Elimination half-life and mean residence time of marbofloxacin in plasma were 5.26 and 4.36 hours after IV administration and 8.69 and 8.55 hours after oral administration, respectively. Maximal plasma concentration was 1.05 microg/ml, and interval from oral administration until maximum concentration was 1.48 hours. Oral bioavailability of marbofloxacin was 56.82%. High concentrations of marbofloxacin and N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin were found in the kidneys, liver, muscles, and skin plus fat 24 hours after the final dose of marbofloxacin; however, marbofloxacin and N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin were detected in only hepatic (27.6 and 98.7 microg/kg, respectively) and renal (39.7 and 69.1 microg/kg, respectively) tissues 72 hours after termination of marbofloxacin treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of pharmacokinetic data obtained in this study reveals that a minimal therapeutic dose of 2 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours should be appropriate for control of most infections in chickens. 相似文献
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本文探讨通过富硒饲料饲养的富硒鸡不同部位中硒含量及脂肪酸组成。分别取富硒饲养鸡不同部位,包括皮、褐色脂肪、白色脂肪、胸肌、腿肌、肌胃、心脏、肾脏、肝脏、蛋;各样本采用微波消解法(MD)消解,然后用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)检测硒含量。以正己烷抽提样本中脂肪,经三氯化硼-甲醇甲酯化后,采用GC-MS进行脂肪酸组成进行分析。各检测部位中,硒含量依次为:肌胃>白色脂肪>皮>蛋>肾脏>肝脏>腿肌>心脏>褐色脂肪>胸肌。肌胃中硒含量最高为2639.19 ng/g,胸肌中硒含量最低为129.76 ng/g。脂肪酸组成分析结果显示,白色脂肪中饱和脂肪酸含量最高为88.07%,胸肌不饱和脂肪酸含量最高为68.44%。本次检测结果显示富硒饲料在母鸡不同部位硒含量不同,不同部位脂肪酸组成也不相同,本实验结果对富硒鸡中营养成分的利用提供参考。 相似文献
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试验探讨加丽素红对海兰蛋鸡生长及产蛋性能的影响,为加丽素红在畜牧养殖业中的合理使用提供依据。试验采用随机分组的方法,设立一个对照组、两个剂量组(分别添加80和8 000 mg/kg加丽素红)。每组海兰蛋鸡36只,分别饲喂基础饲料和添加不同剂量加丽素红的饲料。结果表明,通过对鸡的体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比等生长性能指标的统计分析,加丽素红对上述指标无显著影响;通过对开产蛋重、产蛋率、平均蛋重等产蛋性能的统计分析,加丽素红对上述指标无显著影响;但加丽素红可以使蛋鸡的开产日龄提前。 相似文献
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Pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin and its N-desethyl- and oxo-metabolites in broiler chickens. 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A Anadón M R Martinez-Larra?aga C Velez M J Díaz P Bringas 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(11):2084-2089
Norfloxacin was given to 2 groups of chickens (8 chickens/group) at a dosage of 8 mg/kg of body weight, IV and orally. For 24 hours, plasma concentration was monitored serially after each administration. Another group of chickens (n = 30) was given 8 mg of norfloxacin/kg orally every 24 hours for 4 days, and plasma and tissue concentrations of norfloxacin and its major metabolites desethylenenorfloxacin and oxonorfloxacin were determined serially after the last administration of the drug. Plasma and tissue concentrations of norfloxacin, desethylenenorfloxacin, and oxonorfloxacin were measured by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic variables were calculated, using a 2-compartment open model. For norfloxacin, the elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) and the mean +/- SEM residence time for plasma were 12.8 +/- 0.59 and 15.05 +/- 0.81 hours, respectively, after oral administration and 8.0 +/- 0.3 and 8.71 +/- 0.23 hours, respectively, after IV administration. After single oral administration, norfloxacin was absorbed rapidly, with Tmax of 0.22 +/- 0.02 hour. Maximal plasma concentration was 2.89 +/- 0.20 microgram/ml. Oral bioavailability of norfloxacin was found to be 57.0 +/- 2.4%. In chickens, norfloxacin was mainly converted to desethylenenorfloxacin and oxonorfloxacin. Norfloxacin parent drug and its 2 major metabolites were widely distributed in tissues. Considerable tissue concentrations of norfloxacin, desethylenenorfloxacin, and oxonorfloxacin were found when norfloxacin was administered orally (8 mg/kg on 4 successive days). The concentration of the parent fluoroquinolone in fat, kidneys, and liver was 0.05 micrograms/g on day 12 after the end of dosing. 相似文献
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Bersényi A Fekete SG Szilágyi M Berta E Zöldág L Glávits R 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2004,52(2):185-197
Broiler chicken and rabbit experiments were carried out to study the effects of nickel (Ni) supplementation on growth performance and Ni metabolism. ROSS cockerels and New Zealand White female rabbits were fed a diet containing Ni in concentrations of 0, 50 and 500 mg/kg in dry matter (DM). Dietary supplementation of 50 mg Ni/kg slightly improved the body weight gain (BWG) and had a beneficial effect on the feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in broiler chickens. However, Ni added at a level of 500 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the BWG by 10% and resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) worse (2.3 +/- 0.2 kg/kg) FCE. The relative weight of the liver in cockerels was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by Ni as compared to the control group (1.7 and 2.1% vs. 2.6%). The activity of AST and CHE enzymes was increased insignificantly by dietary supplementation of 500 mg Ni/kg, indicating damage of the liver parenchyma. The results of serum biochemistry were confirmed by a mild or moderate form of pathological focal fatty infiltration of the liver in broilers. Supplemental Ni of 50 mg/kg concentration resulted in non-significantly increased BWG in rabbits. Ni added to the diet at a level of 500 mg/kg reduced the digestibility of crude protein by 3-4% and that of crude fibre by 20-25% in rabbits. Approx. 98% of the ingested Ni was lost from the body via the faeces, 0.5-1.5% via the urine and approx. 1% was incorporated into the organs of rabbits. As a result of dietary supplementation of 50 and 500 mg Ni/kg, Ni accumulated in the kidneys (4.9 +/- 0.5 and 17.1 +/- 3.1 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.3 mg/kg DM), ribs (10.3 +/- 0.4 and 10.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 9.1 +/- 0.6 mg/kg DM), heart (1.4 +/- 0.2 and 2.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.1 mg/kg DM) and liver (1.3 +/- 0.1 and 2.2 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.05 mg/kg DM), as compared to the control animals. It can be stated that supplementation of the diet with 50 mg Ni/kg had slight but non-significant beneficial effects on the growth performance of broiler chickens and rabbits. 相似文献