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1.
采用HPLC建立了兽药维生素ADE注射液中维生素A、维生素D3和维生素E的含量检测。采用C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),甲醇为流动相A、乙腈-乙醇-水(60∶25∶5)为流动相B进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.5 m L/min,检测波长为265 nm,柱温为25℃,进样量为20μL。结果表明,在此色谱条件下,维生素ADE注射液中维生素A、维生素D3和维生素E的分离度良好,分别在60.96~1219.20μg/m L、2.56~51.20μg/m L和300.23~6004.60μg/m L范围内线性关系良好(r20.999)。按外标法以峰面积计算进行检测,维生素A、维生素D3和维生素E的平均回收率分别为99.6%、101.1%和99.0%,RSD均小于1.0%;平均重复性分别为105.7%、106.8%和102.3%,RSD均小于1.0%;中间精密度的RSD均小于0.5%;稳定性的RSD均小于1.0%;耐用性中选择流动相A与B变化为17∶83、流速为1.5 m L/min时,在一定范围内三种组分的含量基本稳定;柱温为25℃时,可避免维生素降解。说明该方法简单、快速,适用于维生素ADE注射液中三种维生素含量的测定,具有分离效果好、回收率高和稳定性好的特点。  相似文献   

2.
本文采用高效液相色法、ResolbeC18(150mm×3.9mm,5μm)与NovapakC18(150mm×3.9mm,4μm)双柱串联方式测定饲料中的维生素A和维生素D3。以甲醇/水(95/5)为流动相,检测波长设定维生素A在325mm、维生素D3在265mm。本方法维生素A和维生素D3精密度的变异系数均小于7.0%,回收率在90%～110%之间。因维生素A和维生素D3同属脂溶性维生素,所以二者前处理的原理和步骤基本一致。维生素A较好分离,一般采用单柱分离即可。维生素D3的检测灵敏度低,经皂化提取后,提取液中的干扰物也较多,故维生素D3较难分离。为了达到分离度好的效果,一般采用先纯化后分离的方法,测定步骤较为繁杂。所以测定样品中二者的含量通常需进样2～3次。本文由于采用了双柱串联的方式,提高了柱效,省略了纯化维生素D3的步骤,一次进样就使得二者都能得到较好的分离,也使得饲料分析工作者可以较省时省力地快速测定多个饲料样品成为可能。但同时由于双柱串联增加了死体积,分析时间加长,泵的工作压力也大。因此在使用本文方法时应综合考虑实际因素,以达到成本、工作量以及分离效果之间的适当组合。  相似文献   

3.
高星 《中国奶牛》2006,(3):16-19
本文采用高效液相色法、Resolbe C18(150mm×3.9mm,5μm)与Novapak C18(150mm×3.9mm,4μm)双柱串联方式测定饲料中的维生素A和维生素D3.以甲醇/水(95/5)为流动相,检测波长设定维生素A在325mm、维生素D3在265mm.本方法维生素A和维生素D3精密度的变异系数均小于7.0%,回收率在90%～110%之间.因维生素A和维生素D3同属脂溶性维生素,所以二者前处理的原理和步骤基本一致.维生素A较好分离,一般采用单柱分离即可.维生素D3的检测灵敏度低,经皂化提取后,提取液中的干扰物也较多,故维生素D3较难分离.为了达到分离度好的效果,一般采用先纯化后分离的方法,测定步骤较为繁杂.所以测定样品中二者的含量通常需进样2～3次.本文由于采用了双柱串联的方式,提高了柱效,省略了纯化维生素D3的步骤,一次进样就使得二者都能得到较好的分离,也使得饲料分析工作者可以较省时省力地快速测定多个饲料样品成为可能.但同时由于双柱串联增加了死体积,分析时间加长,泵的工作压力也大.因此在使用本文方法时应综合考虑实际因素,以达到成本、工作量以及分离效果之间的适当组合.  相似文献   

4.
建立碱性蛋白酶-高效液相色谱法测定复合维生素溶液中维生素D3的含量。利用碱性蛋白酶的方法处理样品,并采用EcoSic HPLC CoumwODS,C18柱(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm)分离,检测波长280 nm,流动相为甲醇-水(95∶5)等高效液相色谱条件检测样品中维生素D3的含量。结果:样品中维生素D3与其他组分分离良好,维生素D3质量浓度在500～5 000 U/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程A=52.59C-3.28,r=0.999 8(n=6);平均回收率为99.9%,RSD=0.97%(n=5)。研究表明本试验建立的方法简便、快捷,结果准确、可靠、重现性好,可作为企业控制生产过程中液体复合维生素质量控制的方法之一。  相似文献   

5.
传统上,根据维生素在脂类溶剂或水中的溶解性分为脂溶性维生素和水溶性维生素。前者包括维生素A、维生素D、维生素E和维生素K,后者主要包括B族维生素和维生素C。脂溶性维生素在饲料中的分布与脂质有关。在动物体内,脂溶性维生素与脂肪一起吸收。有利于脂肪吸收的条件也有利于脂溶性维生素的吸收,反之,当条件不利于脂肪吸收时,脂溶性维生素的吸收也受到影响。  相似文献   

6.
高效液相色谱法测定维生素E粉含量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
用高效液相色谱法测定饲料添加剂维生素E粉中维生素E含量。采用EclipseXDBC18柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇-水(98∶2,V∶V)为流动相,流速为1.2mL/min,检测波长为285nm,柱温为25℃。在此色谱条件下,维生素E在0.104￣0.602mg/mL浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,r=0.9998,平均回收率为100.3%,RSD为0.72%。本法操作简便易行,系统适用性良好,适用于饲料添加剂维生素E粉中维生素E含量测定。  相似文献   

7.
天然维生素E因具有促进动物生长、提高肉品质等功能,已被逐步用于宠物及畜禽饲养,但行业中尚无规范该类饲料及饲料添加剂产品的标准及检测方法。本研究旨在建立采用正相液相色谱-紫外检测器(NPLC-UV)测定饲料添加剂中8种天然维生素E含量的分析方法。样品经甲醇浸润后,以乙酸乙酯/正己烷(3∶97,V/V)为提取溶剂在室温下进行超声浸提。使用Kromasil 60-5 diol(4.6 mm×150 mm)色谱柱进行分离,正庚烷/四氢呋喃(100∶4,V/V)等度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温40℃,紫外检测波长为292 nm。结果表明:生育酚和生育三烯酚含量在0.2～50.0μg/mL时线性关系良好(R2≥0.999 0),方法定量限为0.01%,加样平均回收率为81.3%～109.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于7.9%。通过对实际样品测定,该方法操作简单,结果准确可靠,有助于规范天然维生素E饲料产品市场。  相似文献   

8.
本文旨在建立一种能同时准确测定饲料中维生素A和维生素E含量的方法,试验将样品在碱性条件下65℃水浴超声皂化提取,冰乙酸调pH至中性,乙醇稀释后直接用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)进行测定。结果表明:维生素A在0.036~108IU/mL线性关系良好,相关系数为1.00000,检出限1000IU/kg,方法回收率为95.8%~98.8%,RSD为0.8%~4.4%(n=5);维生素E在0.6~125μg/mL线性关系良好,相关系数为0.99998,检出限15mg/kg,方法回收率为95.3%~102.2%,RSD为0.8%~4.2%(n=5)。本方法快速简便,适用于配合料、浓缩料、维生素预混料和复合预混料中同时准确测定维生素A和维生素E的含量,相对于国标法节省了大量的时间和试剂,可应用于日常大批量饲料检测中。  相似文献   

9.
目的:为了准确测定乳粉中的维生素D含量,简化国标方法的前处理过程,建立了乳粉中维生素D2和D3含量的测定方法.样品经皂化—正己烷提取—浓缩后,与标准溶液均用正相半制备-高效液相色谱法净化、反相高效液相色谱法分析、外标法定量.结果:维生素D2和D3在0.01～0.50μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,检出限为0.7μg...  相似文献   

10.
李峰  王盛男 《江西饲料》2014,(3):13-14,25
主要介绍了脂溶性维生素:维生素A,维生素E,维生素D;水溶性维生素:维生素B2,维生素C,叶酸及生物素对种猪繁殖性能的影响。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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