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1.
旨在探究草莓和宝石鲈共生过程中，植物净水情况、鱼类生长情况及应用推广价值。通过集合循环水养殖(RAS)的高效水处理技术和浮筏式水培架等，运用物质平衡原理确立关键参数，构建一套草莓和宝石鲈共生浮筏式系统。为期69 d的养殖试验，结果显示，鱼类生长情况良好，最高养殖密度13.01±1.36 kg/m3，成活率100%；草莓生长情况良好，产量共计428.51±0.02 g，系统平均日耗电量12.49 kW·h。水质结果表明：水质参数平均值为氨氮0.56±0.01 mg/L、亚硝酸盐氮0.175±0.019 mg/L、硝酸盐氮31.13±1.75 mg/L、溶解氧7.38±0.61 mg/L、pH 7.11±0.58。系统运行稳定，产出2种经济产物，为鱼菜共生系统推广提供技术支持。  相似文献   

2.
【研究目的】本文旨在研究循环水养殖系统中铜离子浓度对系统净化效能的影响;【方法】通过在循环水养殖系统中利用铜离子发生器添加铜离子,监测水质和斑马鱼健康状况,评价杀菌效果;【结果】铜离子发生器的铜离子增加速度R2=0.9942,稳定性较好。在24 h时,斑马鱼在铜离子浓度达到0.76 mg/L时,出现死亡情况;另外在同一浓度范围内,温度越低,斑马鱼对铜离子的耐受度越高,同一温度下,铜离子浓度越大,斑马鱼死亡速度越快。在安全浓度范围内（Cu2 +为0~0.23 mg/L）,(26±2)℃为事宜养殖温度,并且0.14~0.226 mg/L范围内的铜离子浓度能有效地抑制细菌生长。最后本研究利用斑马鱼进行20天的养殖验证试验,随着铜离子浓度增加,硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、总氨氮的变化趋势较为一致;【结论】铜离子浓度在0.1~0.2 mg/L之间,养殖温度(26±2)℃时,硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、总氨氮、细菌总数处于平稳状态,有利于斑马鱼生长。  相似文献   

3.
为研究封闭循环水养殖条件下水质参数变化对水体和养殖对象肌肉中重金属含量的影响,以初始体重为(57.9±0.87)g的吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为试验对象,在模拟实际工况的小型循环水系统中养殖60天,通过控制不同水质因子包括碱度、溶解氧和固体总悬浮颗粒物(TSS)水平的高低,观察其最后对水体和鱼体重金属含量的影响。结果显示,碱度对水中Cu、Zn浓度及试验鱼肌肉中Zn含量有显著影响,溶解氧对水中Cu浓度及试验鱼肌肉中Cu、Zn含量有显著影响,而TSS水平高低对水体和鱼肌肉重金属含量均没有显著影响。试验期间,试验鱼可食用部分重金属含量符合国家和行业标准。  相似文献   

4.
【研究目的】为比较分析对虾工厂化养殖与池塘养殖环境的差异及探讨简易水处理系统的处理效果;【方法】试验借住常规的水质检测方法,对比两系统水质因子,分析处理系统废水处理前后各水质因子的变化。【结果】工厂化养殖排放废水DO含量的变化范围为7.1 mg/L ~ 12.6 mg/L;池塘养殖排放废水DO含量的变化范围为2.9 mg/L ~ 4.8 mg/L,远低于工厂化养殖。池塘养殖废水TSS含量的变化范围为100.4 mg/L ~ 140.0 mg/L;工厂化养殖废水TSS含量的变化范围为172.6 mg/L ~ 220.4 mg/L。方差分析表明,工厂化养殖废水的TSS含量显著高于池塘养殖 （F=126.393, P=0.000<0.01）;工厂化养殖排放废水的总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）含量显著高于池塘养殖（F=17.009, P=0.001<0.05）。经沉淀池处理后,TSS含量降低了66.9;经栽培有裙带菜的养殖槽,废水中TAN、NO2-N、NO3-N和PO4-P分别降低了58.1.0%、43.0%、55.9% 和29.1%。【结论】来自工厂化养殖的废水含有较多的污染物质,直接排放可能对环境的危害更大;该实验设计的简易水处理系统具有较好的处理效果。  相似文献   

5.
为探讨凡纳滨对虾反季节集约化健康养殖技术,本实验在合理投饵、科学管理的基础上投放健康优质虾苗、应用微生态制剂和微管充氧等措施,结合虾池水质理化因子(D.O、透明度、pH、盐度、NH4+-N)和病原生物(弧菌、WSSV、TSV)的实时监测,结果显示,养殖期间水温、透明度、pH、盐度、溶解氧分别保持在19.5~26.7℃,平均(22.94±0.63)℃;23.2~59.1 cm,平均(37.8±12.0)cm;7.7~8.5,平均(8.1±0.0.2) pH酸碱度？、30.0‰~33.5‰,平均(31.72±0.84)‰,4.0~6.0 mg/L,平均(5.13±0.38)mg/L,虾池氨氮控制在0.05~1.30 mg/L,平均(0.59±0.09)mg/L,池水中异养细菌和弧菌分别控制在(5.05~19.23×104) cfu/mL,平均(10.92±3.45×104) cfu/mL,(0.45~3.71×104) cfu/mL,平均(1.14±0.73×104) cfu/mL。养殖期间对虾体长生长(L)与养殖天数(天)的回归方程：l=0.087d+0.1968(r=0.9843) ,体重生长(W)与养殖天数(天)的回归方程：W=0.0001d2.3847(r=0.9948)。28口实验虾池中只有5口的产量低于500 kg/666.67m2,占17.86%,其余虾池对虾产量均达到500 kg/666.67m2以上,其中有39.29%的虾池产量达到500~1000 kg/666.67m2;28.57%的虾池产量1000~1250 kg/666.67m2;10.71%的虾池产量1250~1500 kg/666.67m2;3.57%的虾池产量1500 kg/666.67m2以上,平均产量(769.08±440.22)kg/666.67m2,对虾平均成活率为(67.84±15.23)%,饵料系数(1.27±0.83)。  相似文献   

6.
在江汉平原荆州市分别在植物培养箱和自然条件下模拟高密度养殖水体,利用多参数水质监测仪,采用完全开放式对养殖水体溶氧、水温等要素的变化进行自动连续观测,结合养殖水域中溶解氧动态平衡方程分别计算出水-气界面溶氧速率、水呼吸耗氧速率、草鱼呼吸耗氧率及光合作用产氧量;并对低溶氧条件下草鱼生存时间等进行实验监测。结果显示：鱼塘水呼吸耗氧率1.22~1.83 mg/(L·h);在水体溶氧在1.5 mg/L以上时,草鱼的代谢呼吸耗氧率为78.6~210.0 mg/(L·h);在高密度养殖塘内水呼吸是鱼呼吸耗氧4倍以上。阴到多云天气下光合作用产氧量为3.47~4.33 mg/(L·h),大于鱼呼吸与水呼吸量之和,但阴雨天光合作用产氧量不能维持鱼塘良好的溶氧环境。草鱼在0.1~0.4 mg/L低溶氧环境中有浮头出现,但能存活长达到5天时间。分析还表明：缺氧引起浮头,也造成底层H2S、CH4有毒物质增加,雨水进入鱼池形成水上下层对流,水体上部有毒物质浓度升高是泛塘死鱼的主要原因。  相似文献   

7.
不同养殖密度下吉富罗非鱼生长性状的通径分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
为研究不同养殖密度下吉富罗非鱼(GIFT)成鱼体长、全长、体高和体宽对体重的影响差别,采用单因素方差分析法研究不同养殖密度下罗非鱼生长性状之间的差别。采用通径分析的方法对各养殖密度下变量的重要性进行排序,对不显著变量进行了剔除。结果发现：除在养殖密度为18000尾/hm2和22500尾/hm2时体长和全长之间差异不显著(P＞0.05)外,其他指标在不同养殖密度间差异均极显著(P＜0.01);3个养殖密度下对体重影响最大的变量分别是体长（18000尾/hm2）、体宽（22500尾/hm2）、全长（27000尾/hm2）,回归方程中,在养殖密度为22500尾/hm2时全长和体高被剔除,在养殖密度分别为18000尾/hm2和27000尾/hm2时体长被剔除。不同养殖密度下同日龄吉富罗非鱼的其他生长指标对体重的影响存在差别,在选育时应充分考虑。  相似文献   

8.
浮床栽培鱼腥草对吉富罗非鱼养殖池塘水质的影响   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3  
为研究浮床栽培鱼腥草(0、5%、10%和15%种植面积)对吉富罗非鱼养殖池塘的水质净化作用,测定了NH_4+~-N、NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N、TN、TP、CODMn等主要水质指标。结果表明,在同样的试验条件下,7—8月份鱼腥草处理组NO_3~--N下降,与此同时带来了NH_4~+-N(除5%处理组)和NO_2~--N的上升。9月份浮床栽培鱼腥草对5种水质指标的平均去除率在3%~38%之间。5%鱼腥草种植面积适合进行中试。通过鱼腥草的采收,5%鱼腥草处理组叶、根茎的产量分别可达112.4、1619.2 kg/hm~2,且可从养殖水体带走0.38 g/m~2的总氮,0.06 g/m~2的磷元素;同时收获鱼总重和所测生物学指标(除体重)显著高于对照和其他处理组,且对成活率和饵料系数无多大影响。  相似文献   

9.
循环水养鱼系统水质参数关系分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
为充实有关工厂化循环水养殖系统水质研究数据,提供实际生产理论依据,研究了在循环水养殖系统中饲养吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromisniloticus)成鱼(190g)16天期间水质参数的变化情况,对实验数据进行主成分分析。水质参数包括氨氮、碱度、溶氧、pH和温度,记录实验期间投喂量,及时收集并去除排泄物。主成分分析表明与第一主成分F1（贡献率42.62%）主要关联的是pH、碱度和投喂量;与F2（贡献率27.8%）主要关联的是溶氧和温度;与F3（贡献率为19.3%）主要关联的是氨氮。此外,pH与碱度、氨氮与投喂量、溶氧和温度之间存在显著关系。  相似文献   

10.
雍菜对受灭多威污染养殖水体的净化及对鱼类生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
灭多威属高毒农药,其可经地表淋溶等途径污染养殖水体。为了研究雍菜对水体中灭多威及其他水质指标的净化效能以及对罗非鱼生长的影响,以灭多威、罗非鱼、雍菜和室内养殖系统为试材,根据《水和废水监测分析方法》中的方法测得水质指标数据,以液相色谱-质谱联用仪(LC-MS)测得水体中灭多威浓度,以试剂盒测定谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量（DTNB法）、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性（WST-1法）、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性（紫外法）。研究结果表明,罗非鱼的生长速度随着水体中灭多威浓度的上升而降低。受灭多威污染可致罗非鱼肝脏氧化压力增大,SOD、CAT和GSH的活性发生变化。雍菜可通过机体吸收有效降低养殖水体中灭多威的含量,对受灭多威污染水体中TN、NH4 +-N、NO3 --N、NO2 --N等具一定的净化作用,并可减轻罗非鱼肝脏的氧化应激。研究显示,水体种植雍菜可有效减轻灭多威对水体的污染,保证鱼类的生长。  相似文献   

11.
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.  相似文献   

12.
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.  相似文献   

13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.  相似文献   

14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.  相似文献   

15.
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...  相似文献   

16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.  相似文献   

17.
P. A. York  R. Cook 《Euphytica》1989,43(1-2):135-141
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes.  相似文献   

18.
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.  相似文献   

20.
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.  相似文献   

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