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1.
通过四因素二次回归正交旋转组合试验,对杂交玉米新品种毕单18号在黔西北地区的高产配套栽培技术进行了研究。建立了该品种籽粒产量与4个主要栽培因子N、P、K肥施用量和种植密度之间的数学模型;解析数学模型,分析了各因子对产量的影响;通过模拟寻优,筛选出毕单18号在黔西北海拔1 400m左右地区的高产配套栽培技术为:籽粒产量在9 953.1kg/hm2以上的种植密度53 934～55 365株/hm2,施纯N 298.4～357.0kg/hm2,施P2O5144.25～169.3kg/hm2,施K2O18.5～42.3kg/hm2。 相似文献
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优质高产杂交玉米毕单4号栽培技术模式研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
采用二次回归通用旋转组合设计方法,研究毕单4号产量及其产量构成因素与密度及N、P、K肥施用量的关系,建立了产量及其产量构成因素与密度及N、P、K肥施用量之间的回归数学模型。通过计算机仿真试验和模拟寻优,提出了毕单4号获得10t/hm2以上的优化栽培方案：密度64714～70285株/hm2,N261.65～335.36kg/hm2,P2O5225.00kg/hm2,k2O108.45～191.55kg/hm2。产量与产量构成因素的相关及通径分析表明,在合理密植保证单位面积有足够穗数的基础上,主攻穗粒数,增加粒重,对毕单4号实现高产有积极的促进作用。 相似文献
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为使‘毕单17号’在高海拔地区获得高产,通过采用二次回归通用旋转组合设计的方法,对‘毕单17号’产量及其主要栽培因子--种植密度及N、P、K肥施用量之间的关系进行研究,并根据所得数据建立数学模型,解析各因子对产量的效应,通过计算机模拟寻优。结果表明,‘毕单17号’产量≥ 9850.00 kg/hm2的栽培因子优化组合方案为：密度65805~70620 株/hm2,施纯N量449.85~485.1 kg/hm2,施P2O5量273.75~326.25 kg/hm2,施K2O量224.64~323.85 kg/hm2,且对产量的影响顺序为：密度 > 氮肥（纯N） > 磷肥（P2O5） > 钾肥（K2O）,且氮、钾肥有一定的互补作用。 相似文献
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为探究玉米品种顺单6号的适宜种植密度及施氮量,设置3个种植密度和4个施氮水平,采用随机区组设计,研究不同密度及施氮量对顺单6号叶面积、干物质积累、穗部性状及产量的影响。结果表明,当种植密度与施氮量分别为60000株/hm^2与210kg/hm^2时,玉米干物质积累量最大,叶面积及叶面积指数大小适宜,千粒重较大,产量最高,为10547.06kg/hm^2。综合分析认为玉米品种顺单6号在贵州安顺地区适宜种植密度和施氮量分别为60000株/hm^2与210kg/hm^2。 相似文献
6.
不同种植密度和施氮量对‘泸糯8号’产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
为了确定‘泸糯8号’高产高效栽培适应的种植密度和施肥量,运用群体生理学的方法,采用两因素四水平完全组合试验设计,研究了不同种植密度和施肥量对杂交糯高粱‘泸糯8号’产量的影响。结果表明,密度低于11.25万株/hm2时,杂交糯高粱的产量随密度的增加而增加;超过11.25万株/hm2时,杂交糯高粱的产量又随密度的增加而减少。当施氮量低于纯氮187.5 kg/hm2时,杂交糯高粱的产量随施氮量的增加而显著增加,当施氮量高于187.5 kg/hm2时,杂交糯高粱的产量随施氮量的增加无显著增加。随着密度的增加,杂交糯高粱的穗粒数、千粒重、倒5叶叶面积、茎粗均显著减少（小）,株高则显著变高。随着施氮量的增加,杂交糯高粱的穗粒数、倒5叶叶面积、茎粗均随之增加而增加,千粒重则是先增加后减小。当施氮量超过纯氮150 kg/hm2时,株高随施氮量的增加而降低。由此得出,处理A3B3即种植密度为11.25万株/hm2,施肥量为纯氮187.5 kg/hm2最为适宜。 相似文献
7.
《华北农学报》2015,(Z1)
为明确种植密度和施氮量对超高产夏玉米干物质积累和产量形成的影响,以夏玉米品种农单902为研究材料,于2013年在河北省藁城市进行了密度(设5.25万,6.00万,6.75万,7.50万,8.25万株/hm~2共5个水平)和施氮量(300,375,450 kg/hm~2共3个水平)的二因素裂区试验。结果表明,密度和施氮量对干物质积累量和产量性状的互作效应不显著。同一施氮量下,随密度增加,干物质积累量和每公顷穗数逐渐增加,但收获指数、穗粒数、千粒质量逐渐减小,吐丝后干物质积累量、吐丝后干物质贡献率及产量则先增加后减少。密度对果穗秃尖长、穗粒数的影响最大,对穗行数的影响最小。同一密度下,随施氮量增加,各生育时期的干物质积累量(除拔节期)、吐丝后干物质积累量、收获指数、籽粒产量及3个产量构成因素都是先增加后降低,以施氮量375 kg/hm~2最高。本研究条件下,以种植密度6.75万,7.5万株/hm~2,施氮量375 kg/hm~2的处理产量构成因素最为协调,获得了最高的产量,分别为12 797.3,12 425.5 kg/hm~2。 相似文献
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为探究密度和氮肥对玉米新品种协玉 901 产量和主要农艺性状的影响,采用二因素随机区组设计,主区种植密度和副区施氮肥量各设 5 个水平。结果表明,不同密度和施氮肥量对协玉 901 的产量性状影响较大,协玉 901 的容重整体较高,表明其籽粒饱满,营养物质高。相关性分析结果显示,粗蛋白与脂肪之间的相关系数最高;穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、千粒重和产量这6个产量相关性状之间多呈显著或极显著正相关。主成分分析综合排名结果显示,排名前5的均为45000株/hm2的处理,A1N3（种植密度 45000 株 /hm2,纯氮 180kg/hm2）处理排名第 1 位,是协玉 901 最佳种植条件。但当种植密度为 60000 株 /hm2,纯氮量为 120kg/hm2 时协玉 901 产量达到最高。 相似文献
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为探究氮肥用量和种植密度对冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用效率的互作效应,2017—2018年在大田定位试验条件下,以‘矮抗58’为试验材料,设置112.5、150、187.5 kg/hm2 3个种植密度,0、180、240、300 kg/hm24个施氮水平,研究了氮肥用量和种植密度对小麦干物质积累转运、籽粒产量及氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,同一种植密度下,花后贮藏干物质的转运量及对籽粒产量的贡献率随施氮量的增加呈先升后降趋势,而花前趋势相反;冬小麦群体分蘖数、穗数、穗粒数和产量随施氮量的增加呈升高趋势,然而千粒重和氮肥利用效率随施氮量的增加呈降低趋势。可以通过提高种植密度来减小施氮量降低对小麦产量和氮素利用效率的负面影响。因此,适宜氮肥用量与种植密度可提高小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用效率。在本试验条件下,施氮量240 kg/hm2与种植密度150 kg/hm2相匹配是获得更高产高效的最优组合。 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
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W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献