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1.
利用禽巴氏杆菌C48-1、C48-2强毒株、禽大肠杆菌O78和O1血清型强毒株及克雷伯菌临床分离株制苗,通过疫苗对鸡的免疫效力试验、疫苗最小免疫剂量试验、疫苗产生坚强免疫力时间的测定、疫苗免疫期的测定和疫苗保存期的测定等,研制出禽霍乱、大肠杆菌病和克雷伯菌病多价蜂胶三联灭活疫苗.结果该三联灭活疫苗安全可靠,免疫原性良好,最小免疫剂量为0.5 mL/只,免疫7 d后产生坚强保护力,疫苗对上述疾病的保护率为100%,免疫期为6个月,4 ℃条件下保存期为9个月.  相似文献   

2.
为寻找其他有效的禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗的效检方法,应用小白鼠代替本动物鸡对禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗进行效检.结果表明,小白鼠免疫时体重15～18 g,疫苗免疫剂量0.3 mL/只,免疫10 d后攻毒,攻毒时体重20～25 g,攻毒剂量5～9 CFU/只时,可代替本动物鸡对禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗进行效检,判定标准为免疫组8/10以上保护,对照组5/5死亡为合格.本效检方法可缩短检验期限7 d,降低检验成本,具有敏感、特异、客观、简便等特点.  相似文献   

3.
应用改良大肠杆菌凝集试验对禽霍乱、大肠杆菌病蜂胶二联灭活疫苗中大肠杆菌凝集抗体消长规律的监测表明：3 d的抗体效价为2-3 Log2,5 d达到6 Log2以上,30 d达到高峰8.5-9.5 Log2,6个月仍可达到6 Log2。3批成品监测结果基本一致,表明禽霍乱、大肠杆菌病蜂胶二联灭活疫苗生产工艺已相当成熟,完全适合工厂化大规模生产。  相似文献   

4.
为寻找更好的鸡大肠杆菌病多价蜂胶灭活疫苗的效检方法,本研究应用小白鼠代替本动物“鸡”,对鸡大肠杆菌病多价蜂胶灭活疫苗进行效检。结果表明,小白鼠免疫体重为18～22g,疫苗免疫剂量为0.3ml/只;免疫后10d,攻毒体重为20～28g,攻毒剂量为2～3×107CFU/只时,可代替本动物“鸡”对鸡大肠杆菌病多价蜂胶灭活疫苗进行效检,判定标准为免疫组8/10以上保护,对照组5/5死亡为合格。本效检方法可缩短检验期限7d,降低检验成本,具有更敏感、更特异、更客观、更简便等特点。  相似文献   

5.
大肠杆菌病目前只有大肠杆菌灭活疫苗。最好应用标准株加现地株的“现地自家多价灭活疫苗”,并且注意随时跟踪现地致病菌株的动态变化以便适时针锋相对,保证疫苗的“动态对型”预防。疫苗种类依佐剂的不同大体分为四类:铝胶佐剂灭活疫苗、蜂胶佐剂灭活疫苗、蜂胶中草药佐剂灭活疫苗、油佐剂灭活疫苗,以后二者效果最好。一般七日龄以上鸡均可应用,皮下或肌肉注射。禽霍乱分为灭活疫苗与弱毒活菌苗两大类,还有联苗和亚单位疫苗。1.灭活疫苗:共有“铝胶、油乳剂、蜂胶”3种佐剂类型,以蜂胶佐剂灭活苗保护率最高(80%以上)、免疫期最长(半年);铝…  相似文献   

6.
<正> 1 各类疫苗的特点1.1 冷冻真空干燥疫苗大多数的活疫苗都采用冷冻真空干燥的方式冻干保存,可延长疫苗的保存时间,保持疫苗的效价。病毒性冻干疫苗常在-15℃以下保存,一般保存期2年。细菌性冻干疫苗在-15℃保存时,一般保存期2年;2℃～8℃保存时,保存期9个月。1.2 油佐剂灭活疫苗这类疫苗为灭活疫苗,以白油为佐剂乳化而成,大多数病毒性灭活疫苗采用这种方式。油佐剂疫苗注入肌肉后,疫苗中的抗原物质缓慢释放,从而延长疫苗的作用时间。这类疫苗2℃～8℃保存,禁止冻结。1.3 铝胶佐剂疫苗以铝胶按一定比例混合而成,大多数细菌性灭活疫苗采用这种方式,疫苗作用时间比油佐剂疫苗快。2℃～8℃保存,不宜冻结。1.4 蜂胶佐剂灭活疫苗以提纯的蜂胶为佐剂制成的灭活疫苗,蜂胶具有增强免疫的作用,可增加免疫的效果,减轻注苗反应。这类灭活疫苗作用时间比较快,但制苗工艺要求高,需高浓缩抗原配苗。2℃～8℃保存,不宜冻结,用前充分摇匀。2 使用疫苗的注意事项  相似文献   

7.
禽霍乱一直是危害大庆市养禽业发展的重要传染病，为防治该病，大庆市兽医卫生防疫站积极推广禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗。在推广禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗之前，进行了田间与区域试验，进一步测定禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗的免疫效力。现将过程及结果报道如下。  相似文献   

8.
本研究采用致病性大肠杆菌O1,O2,O78 三个血清型菌株接种适宜培养基 ,收获菌液 ,经浓缩后 ,与灭活的鸡新城疫Lasota株鸡胚尿囊液混合 ,制备成油乳剂二联灭活疫苗。应用二联灭活疫苗免疫18日龄鸡 ,0.25ml/只 ,皮下注射 ,免疫后21天攻毒测保护力 ,新城疫保护率100 %,大肠杆菌病保护率80 %～100 %,免疫持续期可达4个月 ,产蛋鸡在开产前2～3周免疫二联苗0.5ml/只 ,免疫后6个月ND保护率为100 %,大肠杆菌病保护率为80 %,免疫期可达8个月。安全试验结果 :18日龄雏鸡0.5ml/只 ,120日龄成鸡2ml/只 ,试验鸡全部健活。疫苗在4～8℃保存期为12个月 ,10℃保存期为4个月 ,1998～1999年在全省不同地区、不同品种鸡应用20万羽份 ,取得良好的应用效果  相似文献   

9.
为了验证禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗在大庆地区对禽霍乱预防效果 ,以便推广应用 ,在大面积应用禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗之前 ,我们在田间与区域进行了试验 ,进一步测定禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗的免疫效力。现报告如下。1　材料与方法1.1　疫苗　山东省滨州地区畜牧兽医研究所研制的禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗 ,批号 980 315 ,980 5 2 0 ,980 6 15三批。1.2　试验动物　 2月龄金定鸭 ,购自大庆市大同区祝三乡养鸭场健康鸭群 ;3月龄东北白鹅 ,购自大庆市大同区大同镇养鹅场健康鹅群 ;2月龄伊沙褐鸡 ,购自太庆市机关养鸡场健康鸡群。1.3　攻毒菌种　Ｃ48- 1(Ａ :1)由中…  相似文献   

10.
鸡新城疫与禽霍乱高效联免技术应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过对鸡新城疫与禽霍乱免疫抗体的测定,弄清和掌握了鸡新城疫母源抗体消长规律及对雏鸡免疫力的影响和最佳免疫时间。同时应用禽霍乱蜂胶灭活疫苗与新城疫I、Ⅱ系疫苗进行了联合免疫试验。并对联合免疫鸡群进行了禽霍乱攻毒保护试验。在此基础上,探索出了鸡新城疫与禽霍乱联合免疫程序和农户散养鸡“两病”防制的方法。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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