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1.
培养液磷含量和pH值对鸡离体小肠磷吸收的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究主要探讨了培养液不同pH值和磷含量对鸡离体小肠磷吸收的影响,为体外培养鸡小肠合理选择培养液pH值和用外翻肠囊法评定饲料有效磷时合理选择培养液磷浓度提供参考依据。采用2个单因子随机试验,每个因子4个处理。48只30日龄体重相近的三黄肉公鸡的十二指肠、空肠和回肠肠囊随机分配到8个处理中,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1个肠囊,39℃培养50min。结果表明：pH5．0～7．0时,肠囊的磷吸收量线性增加;pH8．0时,肠囊的磷吸收量降低;与pH5．0比较,pH7．0时,肠囊的磷吸收量极显著增加（P〈0．01）。培养液磷含量在50～200μg／mL时,肠囊的磷吸收量与磷含量呈正相关;当磷含量增加到400μg／mL,十二指肠肠囊和空肠肠囊的磷吸收量开始降低;磷吸收率与培养液磷含量之间呈负相关,不同处理之间差异极显著（P〈0．01）。结果显示：以肉仔鸡为动物模型,用外翻肠囊法评定饲料有效磷时,培养液适宜pH为6．0～7．0;有效磷含量不能超过200μg／mL,以50μg／mL左右为宜。  相似文献   

2.
用外翻肠囊法研究有机锰在肉仔鸡小肠中的吸收特点   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
用外翻肠囊法研究肉仔鸡十二指肠、空肠和回肠对无机锰和有机锰的吸收特点。共包括2个试验，试验1是以硫酸锰为锰源，根据单位时间锰的吸收率与外翻肠囊培养时间的曲线关系确定最佳培养时间，试验2是在此培养时间下比较不同形态锰在肉仔鸡小肠中的吸收特点。2个试验均采用单因子完全随机设计。试验1培养时间分别为20、40、60和80min 4个处理组，将48只28日龄商品代AA肉公鸡随机分到4个处理组，每组6个重复，每个重复2只鸡(为了扣除内源影响，其中1只鸡作为零添加锰水平处理)，每只鸡的十二指肠、空肠和回肠分别用作相应部位肠段外翻肠囊的1个重复。在试验2中共设8个处理组，分别为：硫酸锰、甘氨酸锰螫合物、蛋氨酸锰螫合物、弱络合强度的蛋氨酸锰(Mn—Met E)、中等络合强度的氨基酸锰(Mn—AA A)和强络合强度的氨基酸锰(Mn—AA B)、硫酸锰与甘氨酸混合物及硫酸锰与蛋氨酸混合物的处理组。为了扣除内源影响，另设1组作为零添加锰水平处理。用于试验1中日龄相同的AA肉公鸡72只，随机分到9个处理组，每组8个重复，每个重复1只鸡，每只鸡的十二指肠、空肠和回肠分别用作相应部位肠段外翻肠囊的1个重复。结果表明：(1)锰的吸收率和培养时间在40min内呈线性关系，因此选择30min为试验2的培养时间；(2)体外培养回肠肠囊对无机锰的吸收率一般是十二指肠和空肠肠囊的2～6倍；(3)回肠中锰的吸收率受到添加锰源的显著影响，其中合成蛋氨酸锰组锰的吸收率明显高于硫酸锰和合成甘氨酸锰，中等和强络合强度的氨基酸锰组锰的吸收率也明显高于无机锰和合成甘氨酸锰。试验结果提示，在体外简单缓冲溶液培养的肉仔鸡小肠各段外翻肠囊中，回肠是肉仔鸡小肠吸收锰的主要部位；络合或螫合的有机态锰在体外培养的小肠外翻肠囊中的吸收率比无机形态的锰高；作为配体而言，蛋氨酸比甘氨酸更有利于促进锰的吸收。  相似文献   

3.
采用单因子随机试验,24只35日龄体重相近的三黄肉公鸡的十二指肠、空肠和回肠肠囊随机分配到4个处理中,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1个肠囊,分别在30℃、34℃、38 ℃和42℃条件下水浴振荡培养50min,探讨不同培养温度对鸡离体小肠磷吸收和肠黏膜细胞活性的影响.结果表明:培养温度在30～38℃C时,肠囊磷吸收量与温度呈正相关,38℃时肠囊的磷吸收量显著高于30℃和34℃时肠囊的磷吸收量(P＜0.05),42℃时,肠囊的磷吸收量极显著降低(P＜0.01);培养液中LDH活性与培养温度呈线性关系,培养温度在30～38 ℃时,培养液中LDH活性没有明显差异(P＞0.05),但42℃时培养液中LDH活性极显著高于其它处理(P＜0.01).结果提示:鸡离体小肠适宜的培养温度是38℃.研究为鸡小肠离体培养温度的合理选择提供依据.  相似文献   

4.
通过研究探讨不同培养温度对鸡离体小肠磷吸收和肠黏膜细胞活性的影响,旨在为鸡小肠离体培养温度的合理选择提供参考依据。采用单因子随机试验,选用24只35日龄体重相近的三黄肉公鸡,取十二指肠、空肠和回肠肠囊,分别随机分配到4个处理中,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1个肠囊,分别在30、34、38和42℃条件下水浴振荡培养50min。结果表明:培养温度在30～38℃时,肠囊磷吸收量与温度呈正相关,38℃时肠囊的磷吸收量显著高于30℃和34℃时肠囊的磷吸收量(P<0.05),42℃时,肠囊的磷吸收量极显著降低(P<0.01);培养液中LDH活性与培养温度呈线性关系,培养温度在30～38℃时,培养液中LDH活性部分有显著差异(P<0.05),42℃时培养液中LDH活性极显著高于其它处理(P<0.01)。结果提示:鸡离体小肠适宜的培养温度是38℃。  相似文献   

5.
本试验旨在研究精氨酸-甘氨酸-谷氨酰胺(Arg-Gly-Gln)对断奶仔猪空肠体外酶活及细胞增殖与凋亡的影响.试验采用单因子设计,设6个处理,培养液分别添加Arg-Gly-Gln 0、0.28、0.56、1.11、2.23、4.45 mmol/L,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1个空肠组织块.检测培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH...  相似文献   

6.
本试验用外翻肠囊法研究高钙对肉仔鸡不同肠段(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)吸收不同形态锰的影响,以比较有机锰和无机锰在高钙条件下吸收特点的差异。采用单因子完全随机设计,培养液中添加的4种锰源分别为:硫酸锰、弱络合强度的蛋氨酸锰(Mn-MetE)、中等络合强度的氨基酸锰(Mn-AAA)和强络合强度的氨基酸锰(Mn-AAB)。为了扣除内源的影响,设置1个零添加锰水平处理。将40只31日龄AA肉公鸡随机分到以上5个组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只鸡,每只鸡的十二指肠、空肠和回肠分别作为相应肠段外翻肠囊的一个重复。结果表明:1)体外培养回肠肠囊对锰的吸收率显著高于十二指肠(P<0.01);2)回肠肠囊对强络合强度的Mn-AAB中锰的吸收率显著高于硫酸锰或中等络合强度的Mn-AAA(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明:在高钙条件下,络合形态的有机锰在体外培养的肉仔鸡肠囊中的吸收率显著高于无机形态的锰;强络合强度有机锰源中的锰能更强地抵抗小肠内的解离,比弱或中等络合强度的有机锰源更有利于锰的吸收。  相似文献   

7.
做肉仔鸡的生长试验，用L-赖氨酸盐酸盐和L-赖氨酸硫酸盐添加于含不同水平双低莱粕（canola meal）日粮中以比较其生物学效价。共价1440只1日龄的母哈巴德（HUBBARD）肉仔鸡被随机分配于6个日粮处理组，每个处理4个重复，每个重复60只。  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在探究日粮中添加植物乳杆菌活菌、菌液、培养液和灭活菌液对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响,试验选取300只健康的、体重相近的1 d AA肉仔鸡,随机分配到5个处理组中,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复10只。结果表明:7~21 d,添加培养液和灭活菌液组肉仔鸡的ADG(P0.05)显著高于对照组,22~42 d,与对照组相比,培养液组的ADG显著提高(P0.05),培养液组和灭活组的饲料增重比均显著降低。21 d,试验组肉仔鸡的IgA显著高于对照组(P0.05),饲喂培养液组肉仔鸡的IL-2显著高于对照组(P0.05)。42 d,饲喂活菌、菌液组肉仔鸡血清中的IgG显著高于对照组(P0.05)、培养液组和灭活组;试验组肉仔鸡的IgA、IFN-γ和IL-2均显著高于对照组(P0.05),饲喂活菌组、菌液组和培养液组对肉仔鸡血清中IL-6均显著高于对照组(P0.05);因此,添加植物乳杆菌活菌、菌液、培养液和灭活菌液均可提高肉仔鸡生长性能和和免疫功能。  相似文献   

9.
用360只1日龄肉用仔鸡进行试验,以检验酿酒酵母抑制黄曲霉毒素中毒的效果。试验共设6个处理,每个处理3个重复。将酿酒酵母和黄曲霉毒素按设计处理混入标准的商品肉鸡饲料中,饲喂4周。试验期间每周测体重,试验结束测肝脏、肌胃、胰脏和心脏的相对重量。对血清白蛋白、总蛋白、胆固醇、尿酸及甘油三酸 酯浓度进行测定,对304三月桂胺转氨酶、天门冬氨酸转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸磷酸激酶等活性也进行了测定。  相似文献   

10.
仔猪小肠对二肽吸收特点的研究   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14  
本试验采用体外外翻肠囊的方法研究了等摩尔浓度的Ｌ 甘氨酸 Ｌ赖氨酸组成的二肽（Ｇｌｙ－Ｌｙｓ）和游离甘氨酸和赖氨酸混合物（Ｇｌｙ＋Ｌｙｓ）在仔猪小肠各段的吸收特点。将仔猪小肠划分为空肠前段、中段、后段和回肠段,分别在各段设置了两个不同的培养液处理组,分别是浓度为２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｇｌｙ－Ｌｙｓ和Ｇｌｙ＋Ｌｙｓ混合物培养液组。每个处理３个重复（回肠段无重复）,每个重复为一个外翻肠囊,将每个外翻肠囊置１０ｍｌ培养液中培养１５分钟。旨在比较：体外培养１５分钟后,同一浓度下的Ｇｌｙ－Ｌｙｓ和Ｇｌｙ＋Ｌｙｓ在外翻肠囊各部位的吸收差别,从而确定Ｇｌｙ－Ｌｙｓ在仔猪各肠段的吸收特点。结果表明,同等摩尔浓度下,Ｇｌｙ－Ｌｙｓ组中的赖氨酸和甘氨酸在仔猪空肠中段肠组织的累积量显著大于Ｇｌｙ＋Ｌｙｓ组;从肠囊在１５分钟培养后总的氨基酸摄入量上看,Ｇｌｙ－Ｌｙｓ组的赖氨酸和甘氨酸在空肠中段高于Ｇｌｙ＋Ｌｙｓ组,且二者在赖氨酸上的差异显著。这说明,二肽中甘氨酸和赖氨酸至少在空肠中段的运输系统有别于游离态的甘氨酸和赖氨酸,且对二肽的运输显得比对游离氨基酸的运载更有效。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

15.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

16.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

17.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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19.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

20.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

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