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拟建独库高速公路阿尔先沟段地貌以高山峡谷为主,由于降雪和气候变化,雪崩频发。利用无人机遥感解译与现场调研协同调查的方法识别92个雪崩点,选取高程、坡度、地表切割度、地面粗糙度,积雪期最大积雪深度、最大风速、平均温度和平均降雪量为驱动因子,运用地理探测器分析不同分辨率地形因子与雪崩稳定性的关系。结果表明：本研究区雪崩发育较为活跃,稳定性较差,但较多雪崩释放区、运动区位于山体坡面,堆积区位于远离拟建线路的谷底,对拟建线路影响较小。通过地理探测器分析,坡度、地面粗糙度对雪崩稳定性解释力与分辨率呈正相关,高程、地表切割度呈负相关,交互探测结果均是双因子增强或者非线性增强,且非线性增强比双因子增强更加显著,坡度与其他因子结合对雪崩稳定性影响至关重要。本研究可为雪崩易发性、危险性评价工作提供可靠的数据支撑,为独库高速公路的建设运营提供科学依据。 相似文献
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黄土丘陵沟壑区土地利用空间分布与地形因子关系研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
以地处黄土丘陵沟壑区的安塞县为例,以土地利用现状图和数字高程模型为基础数据,在ArcGIS9.3软件的支持下,分别从高程、坡度、坡向三个方面对地形数据和土地利用数据进行叠加分析处理,研究土地利用空间分布格局与地形因子的关系。研究结果表明:土地利用空间分布与地形因子关系密切,并呈现一定的规律性。随着海拔的增加,草地的分布比例增大,林地的分布比例先增大后减小,耕地、园地、水域和工矿用地均呈减少趋势;平坦地区是耕地、园地、水域和工矿用地的优势分布区,大坡度区域是林地和草地的优势分布区;坡向由阴坡转向阳坡的过程中,林地的分布比例减小,耕地、园地、草地和工矿用地的分布比例增加,水域基本不受坡向影响。在此基础上,构建研究区土地利用空间分布三维景观图,再现土地利用空间分布与地理环境的关系。该研究有助于实现不同地形上土地利用类型的合理布局,优化该区的土地利用结构。 相似文献
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目前,冰川分布与变化的影响机理还存在不确定机制。为探究地形因子对冰川分布格局的影响,本文以第6版Randolph冰川编目数据和NASADEM为数据源,运用均值变点法、分布指数和地理探测器等方法,对青藏高原冰川在地形起伏度、海拔、坡度和坡向等地形梯度上的分布格局及其与地形因子之间的响应关系进行分析。结果表明：（1）青藏高原冰川对坡向、坡度的适宜性较广,对地形起伏度、海拔的选择性较强,且在高地形起伏度、高海拔上呈现优势分布。（2）地形对冰川发育影响较大,各地形因子对冰川空间分布的影响显著不同。海拔和地形起伏度是控制冰川分布的主要因素,且交互探测结果表明二者共同作用对冰川空间分异性影响最大。（3）在海拔和地形起伏度梯度上,喜马拉雅山脉冰川优势分布范围最广,其次是喀喇昆仑山脉,其余10座山脉冰川的优势分布均呈近似正态分布,但不同山脉形态各异。 相似文献
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黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤微量元素空间变异特征及其影响因素 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以安塞县为研究区,运用地统计学和GIS技术相结合的方法研究了黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤中有效态Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn的空间变异特征及其影响因素。结果表明:四种微量元素的变异系数在14.81%～22.49%之间,都属于中等变异性;块金效应值在11.76%～46.94%之间,Zn的空间相关性较强,Fe、Mn和Cu的空间相关性中等;各微量元素含量在空间分布上呈现出由北部和南部向中部递减的趋势。土壤类型对Mn和Cu的含量有显著影响,灰褐土中Mn和Cu的含量高于黄绵土。相对高程与Fe、Mn和Zn呈极显著负相关;坡度与Mn和Cu呈显著或极显著负相关;地形起伏度与Fe和Cu呈显著或极显著负相关。有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾与Cu呈显著或极显著负相关,与Zn呈极显著正相关;速效钾与Fe和Mn呈极显著正相关;pH值与各微量元素均呈显著或极显著负相关。 相似文献
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以延安市宝塔区高坡到三十里铺段为例,以DEM为基础提取坡度、坡向及地形起伏度因子,再结合土地利用空间布局、植被多样性、地表水体、生态价值等生态因子,在ArcGIS空间分析模块下,通过叠加分析进行研究区土地生态敏感性与适宜性评价.参照评价结果,借鉴景观格局整体优化的方法,将研究区分为优先发展区、引导发展区、限制发展区和禁... 相似文献
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基于格网DEM的数字地貌形态类型自动划分是当前地貌研究的热点。根据基本分析单元的粒度大小,可将现有的分类方法划分为以栅格为分析单元和不规则坡面多边形为分析单元。然而,上述2种方法都无可避免地存在分类结果中地貌实体不完整性的问题。本文将分析单元提升至小流域级别,提出面向"细胞"级的微小尺度的子流域为分析对象的分类思想,利用GIS空间分析方法,构建子流域地理属性数据库,依据研究区已有的地貌资料,遴选出高程、起伏度、平均坡度、坡谱偏度4个核心分类指标,采用层次分类法,设定相应的地形因子阈值,将陕西省铜川市耀州区划分为:河漫滩、黄土残塬、黄土台塬、陡坡冲沟、墚峁状丘陵沟壑、石质小起伏平缓中山、石质小起伏陡峭中山以及水域等8大类型。分类结果最大程度保证了地貌实体的相对完整性,与用GPS进行的实地采样观测结果对比分析表明,该方案的分类精度达到88. 19%,可望成为基于面向子流域单元进行数字地貌分类研究的有益探索。 相似文献
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气象要素是反映地球水热过程的关键因子，气象数据的准确获取对生态保护和农业生产研究具有重要意义。黄土丘陵区是典型的丘陵沟壑区，地形严重影响气象要素的插值结果，制约了数据的准确性。为了获取黄土丘陵区的温度、降水的空间分布，探索地形变化对气象空间插值结果的影响，本研究基于专业气象插值软件ANUSPLIN以延河流域及周边2010—2021年105个气象站点逐日温度降雨资料为基础，引入25 m、90 m、1 km三个不同精度的数字高程模型作为协变量进行插值，从而获得黄土丘陵区温度降水栅格数据以揭示该地区降水的时空变化规律，评估ANUSPLIN插值方法是否能在黄土丘陵区较好的适用。结果表明：（1）延河流域东部延长地区温度较高、西部温度较低；降雨量空间插值显示中部与西北部较低，东部较高，温度降雨皆符合以往气象站数据规律，ANUSPLIN模型对黄土丘陵沟壑区温度降雨空间插值有较好的适应性。（2）在三种不同的分辨率DEM模拟场景下，温度插值精度排序为：25 m>90 m>1 km；降雨插值精度排序为：90 m>25 m>1 km。本研究的结果为丘陵区气象分布和插值提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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基于DEM的土地利用与地形因子关系研究——以商州区张地沟小流域为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
依据遥感影像和DEM数据,通过引入地形分布指数和土地利用程度综合指数,进行Kendall双参数相关性分析,研究张地沟小流域不同地形因子条件下土地利用的分布特征,以揭示流域内土地利用与地形因子的相互关系。结果表明:张地沟小流域土地利用基本符合自然规律;人类活动主要集中在海拔较低的缓地和斜坡地,坡向多为阴坡和半阳坡;高程、坡度和坡向对草地、林地和建设用地的分布影响较为显著,农地和果园的分布受地形因子影响不显著。针对目前土地利用现状,丹江上游低山丘陵区土地利用结构优化建议为:虽然地形较平坦,但海拔高水热条件较差的山顶区应退耕还林或还草以减少水土流失;整治坡耕地,护沟保地;依据坡向光照条件,调整作物布局。 相似文献
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晋西黄土丘陵沟壑区流域特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以山西省方山县黄土丘陵沟壑区为研究区域,应用ArcGIS的空间分析功能和水文分析工具,以DEM为基础数据对流域地形地貌特征进行了提取。研究表明:研究地区的地势起伏度在0～265.5m间,地面粗糙度为1～2.72。通过探讨汇流阈值与沟壑密度的关系,得到汇流阈值为80～150的栅格范围内的沟壑密度为6.93～4.24km/km2。对研究区流域进行提取,得到流域形状系数的最小值为0.01,最大值为0.93,狭长流域面积为647.95km2,占研究区总面积的90.87%,其中土石山区狭长流域面积为531.88km2;卵状流域仅65.05m2,占9.56%。 相似文献
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基于ASTER GDEM和均值变点分析的中国东北地形起伏度研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
地形起伏度是指某一确定区域内最高点和最低点之间的高差,是宏观尺度上比较适宜的地形分析指标,而确定最佳统计单元的大小是提取地形起伏度的关键。本文以中国东北地区为研究区域,以ASTER GDEMv2为数据源,基于Python模块编程,利用窗口分析方法依次提取n×n(n=2,3,4,……,198,199,200)网格下的地形起伏度,然后采用均值变点分析方法计算平均地形起伏度的最佳统计单元大小,最后将东北地区的地形起伏度进行分级。研究结果表明:1)通过Python模块编程可以实现提取地形起伏度的自动化运行;2)均值变点分析方法能够有效得检测出平均地形起伏度与网格面积拟合曲线上由陡变缓的拐点,利用该方法得到基于ASTER GDEM提取中国东北地区地形起伏度的最佳统计单元面积为2.62km2;3)东北地区整体起伏不大,以小起伏和微起伏为主,山地多为中小起伏。 相似文献
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福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。 相似文献
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F.M. Ashton O.T. de Villiers R.K. Glenn W.B. Duke 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(2):122-141
Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate 14C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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Magdalina I. Luzhnova Lyudmila M. Shekhtman 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(3):205-210
The effect of meturine on the light processes of photosynthesis was studied.Meturine is a herbicide for weed control in potato and cotton crops. It is a N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea.The experiments were carried out on isolated pea and spinach chloroplasts.When examining photosystem I, reduced DPIP was used as an electron donor, whereas methyl-viologen served as an electron acceptor. When examining photosystem II, DPIP represented the electron acceptor.The obtained experimental results have pointed to the absence of the effect of meturine upon the photoreaction I.Unlike N-phenyl—N′, N′-dimethylureas (CMU, DCMU) meturine has been a very weak inhibitor of photoreaction II.The authors explain the photoreaction II inhibition of chloroplasts from plants treated with herbicidal doses of meturine by conversion of N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea into Hill reaction inhibitor(s). N-Phenyl—N′-methylurea can be one of such meturine metabolites.Meturine herbicidal action is accounted for by meturine transformation into Hill reaction inhibitor(s) in the plant tissues. 相似文献
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The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Conventional models for the durability of resistant cultivars focus on the dynamics of the frequency of resistance genes. This leads to a definition of the durability of resistance as the time from introduction of the cultivar to the time when the frequency of the virulence gene reaches a preset threshold. It is questionable whether this is the most appropriate way to measure durability. Here we use a simple epidemiological model to link population dynamics and population genetics to compare three measures of durability: (i) the expected time until invasion of the virulent genotype, by mutation or immigration, and subsequent establishment of a population (T(invasion)); (ii) the virulence frequency related measure of the time for the virulent genotype to take-over the pathogen population ( T(take-over)); and (iii) the additional yield, measured by the additional number of uninfected host growth days (T(additional)). Specifically, we show how the measures of durability are affected by deployment and epidemiological parameters. We use a combination of numerical solution and analytical approximation of a model for the population dynamics of avirulent and virulent genotypes of a pathogen growing in dynamically changing populations of resistant and susceptible cultivars. The three measures of durability are compared. Some consequences of the results for durable resistance in multilines and mixtures and the regional deployment of resistant cultivars are discussed. 相似文献
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E. LIMPERT B. C. CLIFFORD A. DREISEITL R. JOHNSON K. MÜLLER A. ROELFS C. WELLINGS 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(1):109-112
A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results. 相似文献