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1.
为了构建粪肠球菌人工感染小鼠脑部损伤模型,以清洁级昆明小鼠为实验动物,将实验室保存的致羔羊脑膜炎粪肠球菌进行复苏,用寇氏法测定小鼠半数致死量(LD50),并以LD50剂量、1/2 LD50的剂量、2/3 LD50剂量感染小鼠,观察临床症状,选择2、4、8、12、24、36、48、60、72、84 h共10个时间点,无菌取其脑部、内脏组织进行细菌的分离鉴定,并观察病理组织学变化。结果显示,粪肠球菌的LD50为7.59×10^8CFU;感染小鼠后,其致死率1/2 LD50剂量组为3.7%,小于2/3 LD50剂量组的13.0%;1/2 LD50剂量组脑组织开始出现病理变化是在感染后12 h,晚于2/3 LD50剂量组(6 h),病理变化与后者相比较轻。结果表明,选择以2/3 LD50剂量为小鼠感染模型的最佳剂量。该动物模型的建立为进一步研究粪肠球菌感染小鼠导致脑炎奠定了基础。  相似文献   

2.
为了了解猪丹毒丝菌安徽分离株(BB130818)对小鼠的致病性,试验采用改良寇氏法测定猪丹毒丝菌安徽分离株对小鼠的半数致死量(LD50),应用1×LD50和100×LD50菌量分别攻毒感染小鼠,通过实时荧光定量PCR技术检测感染菌株在小鼠体内的分布情况,并采集以100×LD50剂量攻毒时小鼠的脾脏、肺脏、肝脏制作组织切片观察病理变化。结果表明:猪丹毒丝菌安徽分离株对小鼠的LD50为50.3 cfu/m L;以1×LD50剂量攻毒36 h后即可从小鼠心脏、脾脏和脑组织中检出该菌,48 h后可从小鼠肝脏、肺脏中检出该菌;以100×LD50剂量攻毒24 h后即可从小鼠心脏、脾脏、肺脏和脑组织中检出该菌,36 h后可从小鼠肝脏中检出该菌;小鼠全身败血性出血,脾脏、肺脏、肝脏均出现病变。说明猪丹毒丝菌安徽分离株具有较强的致病力,进入小鼠体内的主要增殖器官首先是心脏、脾脏和脑组织,然后到肺脏和肝脏。  相似文献   

3.
副猪嗜血杆菌感染豚鼠试验及在其体内的分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了评估副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis)对豚鼠的毒力以及在豚鼠组织器官的分布,作者采用改进的寇氏法测定了H.parasuis血清5型标准株对豚鼠的LD50,以1 LD50剂量经鼻腔、气管、肺、腹腔、肌肉和皮下接种感染豚鼠,比较不同途径感染H.parasuis对豚鼠致病性的差异;以1 LD50剂量气管接种豚鼠,接种后在不同时间取豚鼠的脑、心、肝、肺、脾和肾组织,制作石蜡切片,用免疫组化技术检测H.parasuis在豚鼠上述组织的分布.结果显示该H.parasuis血清5型标准株的LD50为1.33×109 CFU,LD50的95%可信限范围为1.35×109～1.30×109 CFU;感染试验结果显示,气管、肺和腹腔3个接种途径试验组豚鼠出现了4/8、2/8和5/8的死亡;在气管感染豚鼠6 h后,首先在肺脏组织呈现阳性结果,在感染8 h后,上述组织中都出现了阳性结果.结果表明气管、肺、腹腔和肌肉4个途径都可以使H.parasuis对豚鼠致病,免疫组化检测并结合细菌分离结果表明H.parasuis感染后能侵染肺、心、肝、脾和肾组织,并能突破血一脑屏障而侵染脑组织.  相似文献   

4.
单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,LM)是一种人畜共患食源性致病菌,能引起人和动物较为严重的感染症状。现广泛使用具有免疫活性的小鼠模型测定半数致死量(LD50)来评价不同LM菌株的致病性。为建立LM的ICR小鼠模型,本研究采用1/2a血清型的N21 LM菌株,分别以106、107、108、109和1010 CFU的剂量口腔灌注感染6周龄ICR小鼠,每组10只;另取10只接种PBS作为对照组,测定LM对ICR小鼠的LD50;另取40只小鼠,平均分为2组,公母各半,以测定的LD50剂量接种LM,分别对各组小鼠临床症状、组织病理变化、体重变化及组织中细菌载量进行评价。结果发现,N21 LM菌株对ICR小鼠的LD50为109.25 CFU;感染周期为10 d左右,感染小鼠出现被毛粗糙、精神萎靡、阴茎垂出及体重下降等临床症状。组织病理学分析结果显示,肝脏先后出现实质内灶状细菌团块、形成血栓、细胞坏死等;脾脏主要表现为白髓内淋巴细胞减少;肺脏主要表现为纤维素性肺炎。菌落计数和Real-time PCR的检测结果发现肝脏中细菌载量最高,脾脏次之。结果表明,ICR小鼠能作为单核细胞增生性李斯特菌的感染模型。本试验结果为研究LM的致病机制、疫苗研究及抗菌肽转基因小鼠抗LM的评价奠定了基础。  相似文献   

5.
为了研究srtA 基因对单增李斯特菌LM90SB2毒力的影响,本研究利用同源重组技术构建了LM90SB2 srtA 基因缺失株LM90SB2-ΔsrtA,比较分析了亲本株LM90SB2与缺失株LM90SB2-ΔsrtA对MBMEC、HBMEC、RAW264.7、SIEC 4种细胞系的粘附、侵袭、胞内增值能力及LM90SB2和LM90SB2-ΔsrtA 感染小鼠后,小鼠的LD50及肝脏、脾脏、脑载菌量变化差异。结果显示,本研究成功构建了srtA 基因缺失株;与亲本株LM90SB2比较,缺失株LM90SB2-ΔsrtA 对RAW264.7和SIEC的粘附率、侵袭率及胞内细菌数量均下降,且差异具有显著统计学意义(p <0.05);小鼠 LD50降低了21.38倍,肝脏、脾脏载菌量降低,差异具有显著统计学意义(p <0.05)。本研究结果表明,srtA 基因对单增李斯特菌LM90SB2的毒力具有关键作用,参与粘附、侵袭BMEC,该研究结果为进一步阐明单增李斯特菌毒力因子的致病机制提供理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
为建立稳定的猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2)人工发病模型,本试验以天津某发病猪场分离的SS2 Y15293株为研究对象,经腹腔注射感染昆明小鼠,测定其LD50,确定造模感染剂量,通过观察感染后小鼠的临床症状和病理变化,测定试验期间各组小鼠体重和采食量的变化及细菌回归等试验对模型进行评估。结果显示,SS2 Y15293株致昆明小鼠的LD50为6.7×10~7 CFU/mL。以1个LD50的剂量攻毒,与对照组相比,试验小鼠主要发病表现为攻菌后24 h出现精神沉郁、被毛逆立、眼睛有分泌物,72～96 h出现头颈歪斜、翻滚、震颤等神经症状,死亡高峰在48～72 h。3次重复试验中,试验组小鼠的发病率均为100%,死亡率为50%～70%,神经症状小鼠出现比率20%～30%。与对照组相比,试验组小鼠采食量和体重显著下降(P<0.05),临床症状分值显著升高(P<0.05)。组织病理检查发现,试验组小鼠心脏、肺脏组织均有不同程度出血、炎性细胞浸润;脑膜炎,脑室出血,充满炎性细胞。细菌回归试验结果表明,试验组死亡小鼠脑、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏均有细菌定植,且形态、染色和分子生物学特性与攻毒菌一致。以上结果证实,SS2 Y15293株能感染昆明小鼠并致其发病,感染动物发病规律性强,重复性好,临床症状典型,说明SS2 Y15293株感染昆明小鼠可作为SS2的候选人工感染模型。  相似文献   

7.
川楝素腹腔注射对小白鼠半数致死量(LD50)的测定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
用寇氏(karber)法测定了川楝素腹腔注射对小鼠的半数致死量(LD50).取90只小鼠,雌雄各半,体重(25±2)g.以10%丙二醇生理盐水为溶媒,按序贯法测出川楝素腹腔注射小鼠100%致死率;将高剂量组与低剂量组的组间剂量比设定为1.2,染毒测定其LD50.结果川楝素腹腔注射对小鼠的LD50为13.84 mg/kg,95%可信限为12.46～15.37 mg/kg.  相似文献   

8.
为建立稳定的猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis type 2,SS2)人工发病模型,本试验以天津某发病猪场分离的SS2 Y15293株为研究对象,经腹腔注射感染昆明小鼠,测定其LD_(50),确定造模感染剂量,通过观察感染后小鼠的临床症状和病理变化,测定试验期间各组小鼠体重和采食量的变化及细菌回归等试验对模型进行评估。结果显示,SS2 Y15293株致昆明小鼠的LD_(50)为6.7×10~7 CFU/mL。以1个LD_(50)的剂量攻毒,与对照组相比,试验小鼠主要发病表现为攻菌后24 h出现精神沉郁、被毛逆立、眼睛有分泌物,72～96 h出现头颈歪斜、翻滚、震颤等神经症状,死亡高峰在48～72 h。3次重复试验中,试验组小鼠的发病率均为100%,死亡率为50%～70%,神经症状小鼠出现比率20%～30%。与对照组相比,试验组小鼠采食量和体重显著下降(P0.05),临床症状分值显著升高(P0.05)。组织病理检查发现,试验组小鼠心脏、肺脏组织均有不同程度出血、炎性细胞浸润;脑膜炎,脑室出血,充满炎性细胞。细菌回归试验结果表明,试验组死亡小鼠脑、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏均有细菌定植,且形态、染色和分子生物学特性与攻毒菌一致。以上结果证实,SS2 Y15293株能感染昆明小鼠并致其发病,感染动物发病规律性强,重复性好,临床症状典型,说明SS2 Y15293株感染昆明小鼠可作为SS2的候选人工感染模型。  相似文献   

9.
为了解天鹅源丙型副伤寒沙门菌的公共卫生学意义,并建立天鹅源丙型副伤寒沙门菌感染小鼠的实验动物模型。采用腹腔注射和人工灌服途径感染小鼠,了解感染鼠的LD50,观察灌服鼠于灌服后不同时段的临床症状、病理变化、血清生化指标、粪便排菌情况。结果表明,腹腔注射感染鼠的LD50为4.55×107 CFU/mL,人工灌服途径感染鼠的LD50为1.8×109 CFU/mL;用菌液浓度2×106 CFU/mL灌服感染鼠6h开始发病,6~96h精神沉郁、嗜睡、食欲减退,有腹泻、死亡;病、死鼠(12h)呈现肠黏膜坏死脱落、肠壁变薄,肠腔有多量黄色黏液状的内容物,肺脏有出血性病变,24h肝脏表面见有点状坏死;感染后36h的尿酸、72h的谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶显著升高直至120h,尿素氮在72~96h明显升高,碱性磷酸酶活性在48~96h显著降低,血糖、蛋白在72~120h明显下降;2种途径感染8h后小鼠的粪便皆可检出感染菌,且粪便排菌的持续时间与感染剂量呈正相关,0.5mL/只(2×1010 CFU/mL)感染鼠直至感染后23d粪便仍有排菌,表明天鹅源丙型副伤寒沙门菌对试验小鼠有致病性,感染后经粪便长期排菌。  相似文献   

10.
选取毒力差异显著的两株单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,Lm),建立不同毒力及菌量的小鼠感染模型(A组低剂量攻弱毒、B组半数致死量攻弱毒、C组半数致死量攻强毒、D组过量攻强毒),研究不同毒力LM对机体的致病性差异以及机体对不同毒力菌株的免疫应答差异。结果表明,不同毒力LM在小鼠体内的迁移能力不同,感染后2 h,C组和D组小鼠心脏中就可检出LM菌,感染后4 h,A组和B组还各有1只小鼠心脏中未检出细菌,至感染后6 h,D组的1只小鼠脑中就可检出细菌,感染后8 h,A组和B组各有1只小鼠脑中可检出细菌,至感染后2 d A组还有1只小鼠脑中未检出细菌;剖检及组织病理观察显示,感染LM后4组小鼠都出现不同程度的肝损伤和脑损伤,损伤程度与细菌毒力呈正相关;血清炎性因子检测可见,3种因子的表达量呈现相似的变化趋势,即在感染早期表达量上升至峰值,随后逐渐下降至平稳,除高剂量攻强毒的小鼠比其他3组小鼠更早的引起机体免疫应答反应外,组间无显著差异(P0.05),表明弱毒LM同样可刺激机体产生一定强度的免疫应答。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

15.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

16.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

17.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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19.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

20.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

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