共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 342 毫秒
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近年来,高通量测序技术的规模化应用及生物信息技术的普及,极大地推动了家畜基因组学的发展,实现了分子育种标记全基因组水平的快速、精准定位,为全基因组选择育种奠定了重要基础。数千年来的驯化和选择,形成了用途多样的山羊品种,如乳用、皮用、绒用及肉用等,为人类提供了丰富的生产和生活资料。国内外学者采用高通量测序技术对山羊的遗传多样性及生产性能的遗传机制进行了研究,以期找到与山羊种质特性相关的基因,从而为山羊的遗传改良提供新的标记。作者对近五年来基于高通量测序技术研究山羊的遗传多样性和产绒、产奶、繁殖等生产性状的研究进展进行了综述,以期为评估山羊优良种质特性和与生产性状相关的优异基因定位的工作提供参考。 相似文献
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奶山羊产奶性状相关基因的筛选与功能研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2018,39(11):61-65
奶山羊作为乳用品种的山羊,因其具有奶质优良、产奶性能稳定、乳汁营养丰富等特点,逐渐成为畜牧业发展的一大亮点。经过多年的选种选育,我国现已拥有了多个地方奶山羊品种。随着分子育种技术的发展,对于奶山羊产奶性状相关基因的研究越来越多。对奶山羊产奶性状相关基因的研究进展进行综述,以期为奶山羊优秀基因资源的研究、保护和利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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高通量测序技术是研究物种复杂生物性状遗传机制的基础,随着高通量测序技术的不断优化提升,一些与生物表型性状密切相关的基因组变异被精准地挖掘出来,其中包括单核苷酸多态位点(SNP)、小片段的插入或缺失(Indel)、拷贝数变异(CNV)以及结构变异(SV)为代表的分子标记。与传统遗传标记相比较,分子遗传标记具有多态性高、遍布整个基因组、检测手段简单快捷以及成本低廉的特点。通过检测覆盖全基因组范围内的分子标记,利用基因组水平的遗传信息对个体或群体遗传资源进行评估,能够缩短世代间隔、提高选种的准确性,进而在短期内取得较大的遗传进展。作者从高通量测序技术挖掘分子遗传标记角度入手,综述了三代测序技术发展历程和应用领域以及三代分子遗传标记检测技术在蛋鸡种业创新中的应用,并详细阐述了高通量测序技术与分子遗传标记相结合在蛋鸡群体遗传多样性及进化分类、群体遗传图谱的构建和功能基因定位、数量性状形成的遗传机制解析和质量性状形成的遗传机制解析等4个方面的精准应用,以期为蛋鸡基因组选择进入实质应用阶段提供科学依据和指导。 相似文献
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B Leboeuf JA Delgadillo E Manfredi A Piacère V Clément P. Martin M Pellicer P Boué R de Cremoux 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(S2):379-385
Reproductive seasonality observed in all breeds of goats originating from temperate latitudes and in some breeds from subtropical latitudes can now be controlled by artificial changes in photoperiod. Short days stimulate sexual activity, while long days inhibit it. This knowledge has allowed the development of photoperiodic treatments to control sexual activity in goats, for both the buck and doe. In the French intensive milk production system, goat AI plays an important role to control reproduction and, in conjunction with progeny testing, to improve milk production. Most dairy goats are inseminated out of the breeding season with deep frozen semen, after induction of oestrus and ovulation by hormonal treatments. This protocol provides a kidding rate of approximately 65%. New breeding strategies have been developed, based on the buck effect associated with AI, to reduce the use of hormones. With the development of insemination with frozen semen, a classical selection programme was set up, including planned mating, progeny testing and the diffusion of proved sires by inseminations in herds. Functional traits have become important for efficient breeding schemes in the dairy goat industries. Based on knowledge gained over the past decade, the emphasis in selective breeding has been placed on functional traits related to udder morphology and health. New windows have been opened based on new molecular tools, allowing the detection and mapping of genes of economic importance. 相似文献
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根据被毛纤维特征、生长时间和颜色特点等，可将绒山羊分为长毛型和短毛型，粗毛型和细毛型，嵌合型，穗状弯曲型和直绒型，常年长绒型和季节性长绒型，白绒、青绒以及紫绒等不同类型。相较于其他分类，目前对粗毛纤维性状的多样性研究较为丰富，其不同类型与其他重要经济性状具有中等偏下的表型相关和遗传相关，对绒毛经济性状的间接选择具有一定的参考价值。作者根据近年来绒山羊的相关研究资料，探讨了绒山羊毛被类型的多样性及其划分依据的差异，并对绒山羊不同毛被类型的今后研究方向提出了展望和思考，以期为进一步对不同毛被类型的分子生物学研究和新品系选育提供借鉴和理论依据。 相似文献
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山羊作为重要家畜之一,不仅能够为人类提供奶、肉、毛绒等丰富的物质生活资料,而且能够生存于炎热、寒冷、干旱等极端环境条件下,表现出良好的环境适应能力。但其环境适应性的分子机制解析一直尚未完善。随着测序技术的发展和景观基因组学的兴起,许多研究展开了遗传环境关联分析的工作,挖掘到一系列环境适应性相关的候选基因,为解析山羊的环境适应性遗传机制提供了重要依据。本文从景观基因组学的角度介绍了遗传环境关联分析的几类常用方法,包括分类检验、logistic回归、一般线性模型和混合效应模型。并针对山羊环境适应性研究的现状,从高海拔适应性、热适应性、冷适应性、干旱适应性和综合气候适应性5个角度,对近年来的研究进展进行了概述。最后,本文指出了山羊环境适应性研究中存在的问题,并对未来的研究趋势进行展望,以期为山羊遗传资源的挖掘、保护和利用工作提供理论基础。 相似文献
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试验旨在探索WNT4和HOXC13基因多态性及其对西藏绒山羊绒毛纤维直径性状的影响，寻找与西藏绒山羊绒毛纤维直径性状相关的分子标记。以380只1岁西藏绒山羊群体为研究对象，利用混池DNA直接测序法检测WNT4和HOXC13基因的SNP，利用飞行时间质谱技术对SNP分型，利用SAS 9.1软件中最小二乘方差模型对SNP位点与绒毛平均纤维直径、纤维直径标准差、纤维直径变异系数进行关联分析。结果表明，WNT4基因第3外显子区域检测到2个SNPs位点（SNP1和SNP2），HOXC13基因第2外显子区域检测到2个SNPs位点（SNP3和SNP4），均处于中度多态（0.25 < PIC < 0.50）。χ2检验表明，群体中WNT4基因的SNP1和SNP2位点均处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态（P < 0.05）。关联分析结果表明，4个SNPs位点均与平均纤维直径呈极显著相关（P < 0.01），SNP2和SNP3与纤维直径标准差呈极显著相关（P < 0.01），SNP2与纤维直径变异系数呈极显著相关（P < 0.01）。综上，WNT4和HOXC13基因对西藏绒山羊绒毛纤维直径有显著影响，可以尝试将其SNPs位点作为影响西藏绒山羊绒毛纤维直径的分子标记之一，为超细型西藏绒山羊选育工作提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Searching for DNA markers for milk production and composition on chromosome 6 in sheep 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. Árnyasi I. Komlósi S. Lien L. Czeglédi S. Nagy & A. Jávor 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2009,126(2):142-147
Several milk protein polymorphisms are potential tools for selection in dairy ruminants. However, research results for dairy sheep are not as conclusive as those for goats or cattle and are often controversial. The main objective of this study was to find and later use molecular genetic markers in selection to improve milk production and milk composition in Awassi ewes. Chromosome 6 was chosen because several studies have reported the presence of significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting milk production traits on ovine and bovine chromosome 6. Altogether, genotypes for 13 microsatellite loci were determined for 258 ewes, which were purebred Awassi or Awassi-Merino crosses. Phenotypic data were lactation yield of milk, milk fat, protein and lactose (kg), average milk protein and fat percentage and average somatic cell count. Five out of the 13 microsatellites showed significant association with at least one of the examined traits. 相似文献
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该文主要针对2018年国内外家兔传统育种、分子育种和繁殖技术3个方面的研究进展展开综述，其中传统育种方面主要研究了选择效应及性状评定、遗传与环境互作和种质性能测定；分子育种方面主要涉及生长、肉质、皮毛、繁殖等性状相关基因的研究；而家兔繁殖技术方面主要包括精液冷冻研究及添加物和环境对家兔繁殖的影响。2018年国内在家兔传统育种和分子育种方面研究较多，传统育种主要对一些地方品种种质性能进行了测定和比较；分子育种主要集中于肉质、皮毛和繁殖性状的研究，并获得了新的相关分子标记和基因；但家兔繁殖技术方面研究相对较少。而国外传统育种主要研究了选择与性状评定和遗传与环境互作；分子育种主要集中在筛选生长与肉质及繁殖性状分子标记的研究方面，但在皮毛性状方面的研究相对欠缺，且国外分子育种主要是使用传统的研究方法筛选分子标记或研究性状相关基因的功能，而国内多采用高通量测序技术筛选对研究性状具有重要调控功能的基因及调控网络。作者对2018年国内外家兔育种研究进行了综述，以期为今后家兔育种提供参考。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探究母羊出生年度、季节、胎次、泌乳阶段4个固定效应对西农萨能奶山羊产奶性状的影响。以西北农林科技大学萨能羊原种场2006-2018年的645只泌乳母羊为研究对象,每月采集乳样1次,采样日早、晚各采集1次,将两次乳样等比例混合后,采用乳成分分析仪测定乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、总脂固形物、非脂固形物、密度、冰点和酸度共8个指标,结合羊场产奶量记录,采用固定效应模型,通过SAS 9.4软件进行表型的描述性统计分析,再采用GLM模型进行固定效应对产奶性状的影响分析。结果表明,西农萨能奶山羊平均300 d产奶量为507.67 kg,乳脂率为3.58%,乳蛋白率为3.20%,乳糖率为4.19%;总固形物含量为12.21%,非脂固形物含量为8.46%;出生年度、胎次对产奶量影响极显著（P<0.01）,出生季节对产奶量影响不显著（P>0.05）;泌乳阶段、出生年度对乳脂率等8个乳成分性状均有极显著影响（P<0.01）,胎次对除乳蛋白率和总固形物的其他6个乳成分指标均存在极显著影响（P<0.01）。综合以上试验结果,胎次及泌乳阶段是影响西农萨能奶山羊产奶性状的两种主要非遗传因素,第3、4胎母羊产奶性能最佳,泌乳早期的乳品质更优,揭示了对种群进行良种选育工作和羊饲养管理的重要性,也为后期进行奶山羊经济性状遗传评估和群体遗传改良提供理论基础。 相似文献
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家兔是节粮型草食小动物,其养殖投资少、见效快,已成为中国促进农民增收、助力脱贫攻坚的优势产业。近年来,随着生命科学的发展,国内外家兔遗传育种取得了较大进展。文章分别从家兔传统育种、分子育种和繁殖等方面对国内外2019年家兔遗传育种与繁殖研究进展进行了综述。国外在传统育种、分子育种和家兔繁殖方面均作了较多的研究,传统育种主要是针对选择和环境及添加物对家兔生产性能影响的研究;分子育种方面主要是对繁殖性状相关基因的研究,其中产仔数及精液蛋白方面的研究较多,其次是生长、肉质、毛色等性状相关基因的研究;而繁殖方面的研究主要针对公兔精液的保存方法及添加物对家兔精液品质、产仔数和受胎率的影响。国内家兔遗传育种与繁殖研究也主要包括传统育种、分子育种和家兔繁殖,但国内的研究重点在分子育种研究,其中品种与遗传多样性及皮毛性状功能基因的研究较多,主要采用高通量测序、常规基因克隆和基因编辑的方法筛选对研究性状具有重要调控功能的基因及调控网络;而传统育种性状评定和家兔繁殖方面的研究相对较少。该综述可为家兔的育种和生产研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Research Progress on Genetic Breeding and Reproduction of Domestic and International Rabbits in 2019
DING Haisheng HUANG Dongwei WANG Yong CHENG Guanglong MA Rongxing YANG Yongxin ZHAO Huiling 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,47(12):3976-3984
The rabbit is a kind of grain-saving and small herbivore animal.Rabbit breeding which is low investment and obvious efficiency has become an advantageous industry of increasing income of rural farmers and poverty alleviation.In recent years,with the development of life science,great progress has been made in rabbit genetic breeding at home and abroad.In this paper,the research progress in genetic breeding and reproduction of rabbits in 2019 are reviewed from the traditional breeding,molecular breeding and reproduction of rabbits.For abroad,lots of researches involved in traditional breeding,molecular breeding and reproduction were done.Effects of selection,environment and additives on productive performance had been analyzed in traditional breeding.Molecular breeding mainly focused on reproductive performance among which there were more studies on litter size and spermatine.Secondly,the related genes of growth,meat quality and hair color were studied.The research on reproduction mainly focuses on the preservation method of male rabbit semen and the effects of additives on rabbit semen quality,litter size and conception rate.In China,genetic breeding and reproduction research on rabbit also mainly included traditional breeding,molecular breeding and reproduction,but the focus of domestic research was molecular breeding,among which breed and genetic diversity and functional genes of fur trait were mainly researched using high-throughput sequencing,gene cloning and gene editing to screen the important functional genes and regulatory networks related to research traits.However,compared with molecular breeding,there are fewer studies on the traits evaluation of traditional breeding and rabbit reproduction.This review can provide references for rabbit breeding and production. 相似文献
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WU Tie-cheng WUDUBALA HE Yun-mei LI Yu-rong ZHAO Cun-fa MA Yue-jun LIU Bin ZHAO Sheng-guo 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(3):776-783
In order to meet the requirement of the development of cashmere goat industry,and improve the matching accuracy and scientificity of breeding sheep selection and the production efficiency,it is needed to use information technology and modern breeding theory in cashmere goats accurate management and scientific breeding.Using MVC software design pattern,B/S three-tier network architecture,database,BLUP breeding and other technologies,a cashmere goat breeding and production management systems based on RFID was designed and developed in this study.The system contained information management,breeding analysis,production management,nutrition regulation and benefit analysis and other functional modules.In the system,WOMBAT genetic evaluation software was used in calculating cultivation and inbreeding coefficient,then based on this,the optimal combination parents were choosn;The system was designed for different breeding objectives,such us accelerating advances in genetic improvement of cashmere goat economic traits,and developing the production technology through the joint breeding.Based on cashmere goats individual information,the system could automatically generated recommendations for sheep grading,breeding,selecting and cluster grouping;It could also generat warnings on materials,diet formulation and other control points in production (such as pre-production period,light control for increase cashmere,grazing duration,prevention,feeding and so on),it would provide technical support for "1396" sheep breeding and efficient feeding,thus made cashmere goat breeding and production informationalized,standardized and scientific. 相似文献
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为满足中国绒山羊业发展需求,提高种羊选种选配的准确性和科学性、提升生产效率,运用信息技术和现代育种理论可对绒山羊进行科学化育种及精准化管理。本研究采用MVC软件设计模式、B/S三层网络结构、BLUP法育种及绒山羊增绒等技术,开发基于射频识别(RFID)的绒山羊育种生产管理系统,该系统主要包含信息管理、育种分析、生产管理、营养调控和效益分析等功能模块。系统运用WOMBAT遗传评估软件计算育种值和近交系数从而确定最优父母组合,通过联合育种加快绒山羊经济性状的遗传改良进展及相配套的生产技术,实现不同育种目标的生产。通过育种目标的设定及基于绒山羊个体信息,系统可自动生成种羊分级评定建议、配种建议、淘汰建议、分群整群建议、物料预警、日粮配方和对一些生产时间节点(如预产期、光控增绒放牧时长、防疫、补饲等)的提醒,为"1396"型绒山羊的育种及高效饲养提供技术支持,从而实现绒山羊育种和生产的信息化、规范化和科学化。 相似文献
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绒毛品质不仅影响绒山羊养殖的经济效益,还影响绒毛纺织品的质量。近年来,随着产绒量的提高,绒毛品质有下降趋势,为了提高生产效益,在生产过程中提高绒毛品质势在必行。绒毛品质是绒山羊育种中重要的选择参数,而控制绒毛品质的主要性状是数量性状,通过数量遗传学和分子遗传学寻找控制数量性状的主效基因,从而研究其生长机理和控制绒毛生长的基因的表达机制。作者综述了近年来有关绒毛品质的研究成果,其中包括通过表型选择来提高绒毛品质,且找到控制绒毛品质性状的HOX、BMP、KAP基因和色素基因等,还有寻找控制目标性状相应的QTL和对不同序列的SNPs进行GWAS分析,通过基因型的选择来提高绒毛品质,这些研究为提高绒毛品质奠定了理论基础,也为今后研究绒毛品质的遗传因素提供借鉴。 相似文献
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LI Xue-wu WANG Rui-jun WANG Zhi-ying NA Qing LI Hong-wei WANG Zhen-yu SU Rui ZHANG Yan-jun LI Jin-quan 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(12):3275-3284
Fiber and wool quality not only affects the economic benefits of cashmere goat breeding, but also affects the quality of wool textiles. In recent years, fluff quality has declined with cashmere yield improvement. In order to improve production efficiency, improving fluff quality is imperative in the production process. At the same time, fiber and wool quality is important parameters of selection in breeding of goats. The main traits of controlling the fluff quality are quantitative traits. It can be to find the number of main effect genes by quantitative genetics and molecular genetics and to study its growth mechanism and gene expression. In this review, we summarize the recent achievements of the quality of cashmere, including the use of phenotypic select to improve the quality of the fluff and finding the genetics of controlling the quality of cashmere, for example, HOX,BMP,KAP genes and pigments, and beginning to find the corresponding control target trait QTL and different sequences of SNPs by GWAS analysis to improve the quality by genotype selection, in order to improve the quality of cashmere and provide reference to study the cashmere quality of genetic factors for later research. 相似文献
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试验旨在从分子遗传学角度探讨戴云山羊夏季维持较高繁殖力的遗传机制,从中发掘有用的遗传变异信息。利用转录组测序方法对福清山羊和戴云山羊夏季发情期卵巢组织进行研究,筛选品种间的差异表达基因（differentially expressed genes,DEGs）,利用基因本体（gene ontology,GO）、蛋白相邻类的聚簇（cluster of orthologous groups of proteins,COG）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG）数据库对筛选的差异表基因进行功能注释,并进行差异表达基因聚类分析,通过实时荧光定量PCR验证测序结果。结果显示,福清山羊和戴云山羊发情期卵巢的DEGs共357个,其中上调基因221个,下调基因136个。357个DEGs中的287个基因能够被GO数据库注释,78个DEGs能够被COG数据库注释,219个DEGs能够被KEGG数据库注释。KEGG数据库注释结果显示,这些差异基因显著富集的信号通路为蛋白消化吸收（protein digestion and absorption）、吞噬体（phagosome）、肺结核（tuberculosis）、胞外基质受体互作（ECM-receptor interaction）、金黄色葡萄球菌感染（Staphylococcus aureus infection）、同种异体移植物排斥（allograft rejection）等通路。经实时荧光定量PCR验证,所选基因（转录本）表达变化模式与转录组测序结果一致,表明测序结果可靠。本试验利用高通量测序获得大量山羊卵巢转录组信息,有助于从分子水平对山羊卵巢进行深入研究。 相似文献