共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
针对自然环境复杂背景下葡萄霜霉病检测分级困难的问题,提出了一种基于语义分割结合K-means聚类和随机森林算法的葡萄霜霉病检测分级方法,实现对葡萄霜霉病快速分级。构建了葡萄霜霉病数据集,采用HRNet v2+OCR网络建立葡萄叶片语义分割模型,提取复杂环境下葡萄叶片;采用K-means聚类算法将葡萄叶片分解为若干子区域图像,并标记少量数据集进行随机森林算法学习,实现葡萄叶片病斑分割与提取;同时在叶片提取和病斑提取过程中,设计一种像素尺寸变换方法,解决图像分辨率引起的精度低问题。基于HRNet v2+OCR网络的葡萄叶片分割模型的准确率为98.45%,平均交并比为97.23%;融合K-means聚类和随机森林(RF)算法的葡萄叶片正面、反面和正反面霜霉病病害分级准确率分别为52.59%、73.08%和63.32%,病害等级误差小于等于2级时的病害分级准确率分别为88.67%、96.97%和92.98%。研究结果表明,基于K-means聚类和随机森林算法的葡萄霜霉病检测分级方法能够准确地分割自然环境复杂背景下的葡萄叶片和葡萄霜霉病病斑,并实现葡萄霜霉病分级,为葡萄霜霉病精准防治提供了方法和... 相似文献
2.
研究了不同浓度沼液喷施对葡萄叶蝉及葡萄霜霉病的防治效果。田间和温室试验各设6个处理,从葡萄展叶期开始定期喷施不同浓度沼液,开展霜霉病病原菌接种试验和叶蝉危害观察试验。结果表明,不同浓度的沼液喷施对葡萄叶蝉危害防治具有一定的效果,与未喷施沼液的T0相比,露地栽培叶蝉危害显著降低,且随着喷施沼液浓度的提高而逐步下降,喷施沼液原液叶蝉危害率为17.40%,防治效果达49.12%;不同浓度的沼液喷施葡萄叶片对不同栽培环境下（露地和温室）葡萄霜霉病均具有防治效果,且喷施80%浓度沼液效果最显著,防治效果分别达58.54%和50.56%。研究结果揭示了沼液在葡萄病虫害防治中的作用,沼液可在葡萄栽培中得到综合利用。 相似文献
3.
由于葡萄深加工企业的引进,阜新地区葡萄生产向集中连片发展,葡萄产业成为当地农民的支柱产业之一.但葡萄疾病的发生时刻威胁葡萄的产量和收益.介绍霜霉病、白腐病、叶片青枯病、白粉病等7种常见病害的发生症状及防治方法,为科学防治葡萄病害发生、达到稳产增收效果提供技术服务. 相似文献
4.
人工神经网络在葡萄霜霉病预测中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来,人工神经网络模型开始逐渐应用于植物病虫害的预测预报中,并取得了良好效果,已成为植物病虫害预测预报的新途径.为此,以温度、相对湿度、累积降雨量及累积降雨日作为预测因子,以葡萄霜霉病的感病指数为预测目标,利用人工神经网络的BP算法建立了葡萄霜霉病预测模型.以陕西杨凌地区2004年和2006年的数据作为BP网络的训练资料,对2007年霜霉病的流行状况进行预测,预测的变化趋势与该年霜霉病实际的流行趋势吻合.由此证实,利用神经网络建立葡萄霜霉病预测模型是可行的. 相似文献
5.
针对田间自然背景下葡萄品种鉴别缺乏有效识别方法的问题,提出了一种基于融合注意力机制的残差网络ResNet50-SE,对自然背景下不同生长时期的葡萄品种进行分类鉴别,分析并验证了网络的识别效果。将SE注意力模块引入ResNet-50网络,并通过迁移学习实现基于不同时期下葡萄的嫩梢、幼叶及成熟叶片特征的识别;同时为了揭示注意力机制的作用机制,利用Grad-CAM可视化方法,对ResNet50-SE模型每一层所提取的不同生长阶段下的葡萄特征进行可视化解释;通过t-SNE算法对模型提取到的不同葡萄品种的多特征进行聚类分析,进而直观评估模型对多特征提取的性能。结果表明：提出的ResNet50-SE网络在田间复杂背景条件下对于葡萄不同时期的多特征识别具有较高的识别率和较强的鲁棒性,模型测试集准确率达到88.75%,平均召回率达到89.17%,相比于AlexNet 、GoogLeNet、ResNet-50、VGG-16,测试集准确率分别提高了13.61、7.64、0.70、6.53个百分点;注意力机制能明显降低背景影响,强化有效特征;模型对训练集提取的不同生长时期的特征聚类效果较强。可见,SE模块可明显提升ResNet-50模型在特征提取过程的效果,有效降低田间复杂背景对分类结果的影响,为田间复杂背景下葡萄品种的分类识别及田间多特征分类问题提供借鉴。 相似文献
6.
葡萄霜霉病是葡萄生长期的主要病害，通过对葡萄霜霉病的症状、发生条件及规律的分析，提出综合防治的方法，以提高葡萄生产效益。 相似文献
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《中国农机化学报》2017,(4)
农作物在生长过程中会受到病害侵袭,使其产量和品质受到严重的影响,而病害识别和诊断是作物病害防治的前提。本文针对葡萄病害叶片图像的特点,应用计算机图像处理和模式识别技术研究葡萄病害识别方法,可提高葡萄病害识别的准确率和效率。采集田间自然光照下不同生长阶段的多种病害叶片图像,提取叶片上病斑处的颜色和纹理共28种特征。为筛选出对白粉病、褐斑病、霜霉病、灰霉病、黑痘病、炭疽病等6种常见葡萄病害具有最佳识别率的分类器,对决策树、判别分析、支持向量机、最近邻和集成分类等5大类22种分类器进行了训练和测试,发现集成分类器中的Bagged trees分类器对测试集中的6种病害的平均识别率最高,达到86.4%,对上述各种病害识别率分别为93.0%、87.5%、82.7%、87.7%、85.5%、82.1%。试验结果表明,本方法能够有效识别多种葡萄叶部病害类别,为实现葡萄病害的快速自动识别提供方法和依据。 相似文献
8.
为了掌握土壤水分胁迫对酿酒葡萄光合特征的影响,以5a生酿酒葡萄蛇龙珠为材料,在大田设置常规持水量(CK),轻度胁迫(LS),中度胁迫(MS)和重度胁迫(SS)4个田间持水量水平进行研究,分别测定不同处理下的光合指标。结果表明,随着胁迫程度的加大,葡萄叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(E)、叶片气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)均呈现出不同程度的下降趋势,且CK和LS差异较小,MS和SS差异较小,水分利用效率(WUE)呈现CK-LS组和MS-SS组上下交替趋势,且酿酒葡萄的光合能力随着水分胁迫程度的增加而下降。 相似文献
9.
为了快速、准确地对小麦条锈病病害程度进行分级评估,提出了一种基于高光谱成像技术的小麦条锈病病害程度分级方法。首先利用Hyper SIS高光谱成像系统采集受条锈菌侵染后不同发病程度的小麦叶片高光谱图像,通过分析叶片区域与背景的光谱特征,对555 nm波长的特征图像进行阈值分割获得掩膜图像,并用掩膜图像对高光谱图像进行掩膜处理,提取仅含叶片的高光谱图像;然后用主成分分析法(Principal component analysis,PCA)得到利于条锈病病斑和健康区域分割的第2主成分(The second principal component,PC2)图像,采用最大类间方差法(Otsu)分割出条锈病病斑区域;最后根据条锈病病斑区域面积占叶片面积的比例对小麦条锈病病害程度进行分级。试验结果表明:测试的270个不同小麦条锈病病害等级的叶片样本中,265个样本可被正确分级,分级正确率为98.15%。该研究为田间小麦条锈病害程度评估提供了基础,也为小麦条锈病抗性鉴定方法提供了新思路。 相似文献
10.
基于图像处理的葡萄叶片含水率诊断初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着图像处理与分析技术的蓬勃发展,许多专家学者利用图像获取工具比人眼更精细的分辨能力,应用图像处理技术进行信息诊断研究。以温室大棚中的葡萄植株为研究对象,使用卡西欧ex-2750数码相机采集葡萄冠层叶片图像,并通过烘干法测量叶片样本的含水率,通过MATLAB计算叶片图像的灰度均值。通过对提取的15组葡萄叶片样本数据的多项式曲线拟合,建立了基于叶片图像灰度均值的叶片含水率估算模型,模型的确定系数R2高达0.780 3。结果表明,利用叶片图像的灰度均值可以对葡萄叶片的含水率进行诊断。 相似文献
11.
Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
12.
瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
13.
对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
14.
对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
15.
About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
16.
在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
17.
Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
18.
在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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20.
车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献