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为验证"乳源康"对奶牛乳房炎的疗效,以青、链霉素为对照药,乳房灌注给药,在奶牛场试用3年,"乳源康"治疗组共收治各类型临床乳房炎病牛1 638头次,2 203个乳区,治愈率为93.3%,总有效率为96.7%,平均疗程4.5 d.青、链霉素对照组共收治各类型临床乳房炎病牛276头次,359个乳区,治愈率为56.3%,总有效率为77.4%,平均疗程12 d;用"乳源康"治疗隐性乳房炎4 031例,用药1次～2次临床治愈率为100%;通过对56个患病乳区"乳源康"用药前后的细菌削减状况的检查,细菌转阴率为71.74%.因此,用"乳源康"治疗奶牛乳房炎安全、高效. 相似文献
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取“乳源康”和青链霉素治愈停药后不同时间的奶样,进行了乳酸菌的发酵试验。其中包括“乳源康”治疗组19头牛22个乳区奶样共计88份,青链霉素对照组17头牛19个乳区奶样共计95份。结果“乳源康”治疗组在停药后第3d和第4d有90.9%和100%的奶样可以进行乳酸菌发酵;青链霉素对照组在停药后第7d和第8d有94.7%和100%的奶样可以进行乳酸菌发酵。“乳源康”和青链霉素治疗奶牛乳房炎后,分别在停药后第3d和第7d,奶中的残留药物已基本代谢完;第4d和第8d达到正常牛奶的饮用标准。 相似文献
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中药治疗奶牛临床型乳房炎的试验观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以确诊为临床型乳房炎的经产奶牛为对象,分别采用中药乳病康注射液和青、链霉素治疗。试验结果:用中药乳病康注射液共治疗临床型乳房炎奶牛112例,治愈93例,治愈率83.04%,好转13例,无效6例,总有效率94.64%;用青、链霉素共治疗97例,治愈71例,治愈率73.20%,好转13例,无效13例,总有效率86.60%。经检验,中药乳病康注射液对奶牛临床型乳房炎的治愈率、总有效率明显高于青、链霉素(P<0.05)。其中中药乳病康注射液对奶牛浆液性乳房炎、卡他性乳房炎的疗效明显超过青、链霉素(P<0.05);对化脓性乳房炎的疗效与青、链霉素相当(P>0.05)。结果表明:中药乳病康注射液对奶牛临床型乳房炎疗效确实,明显优于临床上常用的青、链霉素(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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中药"乳源康"药理作用研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
为了对“乳源康”的毒理药理学进行研究,进行4种试验——急性毒性试验、抗菌试验、局部刺激试验、抗炎试验。结果表明,①“乳源康”的小鼠口服LD50为36．80g／kg体重,腹腔注射LD50为13．85g／kg体重;②“乳源康”对乳房炎致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌等有较强的抑制作用;③无明显刺激作用;④“乳源康”注射液与氢化可的松的消炎效果相同。“乳源康”治疗奶牛乳房炎具有高效、安全、低毒、使用方便、无化学药物和抗生素残留的优点,临床应用对治疗奶牛乳房炎、解决乳制品中的抗生素类药物残留以及病原微生物的耐药性问题具有重要意义。 相似文献
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乳房炎是奶牛最常见的疾病之一,严重制约着奶牛业的发展。乳房炎可降低奶产量;使奶中的营养成分减少;影响食品卫生;浪费饲料,加重经济损失。本试验选用青、链霉素为基础药,同时分别选用乳肿康,普朗头孢,奶牛三热灵,抗病毒1号等中草药复方制剂采用乳房灌注的方式治疗奶牛乳房炎,每天给药1次,21d为一个疗程。结果表明,中草药复方制剂的治疗效果由于基础治疗组,而且能够明显提高奶产量,本研究为奶牛乳房炎的临床治疗提供资料。 相似文献
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为研究乳酸环丙沙星治疗奶牛乳房炎的效果及其与青链霉素、公英散治疗乳房炎的疗效比较,应用乳酸环丙沙星,以加味公英散、青链霉素为对照,对127例奶牛急性乳房炎乳区进行了临床治疗试验.乳酸环丙沙星（44例）、加味公英散（41例）和青链霉素（42例）治疗的总有效率分别为90.9%、70.7%和73.8%,总痊愈率各为77.3%、53.7%和54.8%.经统计学检验,乳酸环丙沙星治疗组和青链霉素治疗组与加味公英散治疗组之间差异显著.青链霉素治疗组与公英散治疗组之间无显著差异.三种治疗疗程接近,经统计学检验,各组之间无显著差异.临床观察表明,乳酸环丙沙星能很快消退乳房炎症状,且其病原菌转阴率高.乳酸环丙沙星临床疗效比青链霉素和加味公英散好,刺激性小,疗效稳定,值得推广. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献