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试验选用4头平均体重500±20kg,年龄4岁,装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆为基础日粮,研究1.3倍维持水平下,日粮添加烟酸铬（0mg/d、40mg/d、80mg/d、120mg/d）对精料瘤胃降解率的影响。结果表明：日粮添加烟酸铬组DM有效降解率与对照组差异不显著（P〉0.05）,添加80mg/d烟酸铬组精料OM有效降解率、CP瘤胃有效降解率较对照组显著提高（P〈0.05）。本试验结果表明：日粮添加烟酸铬的适宜添加水平为80mg/d。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医》2020,(5)
本试验旨在研究不同添加水平烟酸铬对热应激状态下水牛泌乳性能、抗氧化性能和微生物多样性的影响。试验选取体重、日龄、胎次和产奶量相近,泌乳中期的健康尼里-拉菲水牛20头。采用单因素随机区组设计,将试验牛分为4组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组),每组5个重复。Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在基础日粮中分别添加1.5、3.0和4.5 mg/(d·头)烟酸铬。试验预饲期1周,试验期4周。试验结果表明,热应激条件下,①日粮中添加不同水平的烟酸铬对干物质采食量的影响差异不显著(P0.05),试验组中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率均有不同程度上升;②日粮中烟酸铬添加水平对瘤胃pH、以及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸等挥发性脂肪酸无显著影响(P0.05);③日粮添加3.0 mg/(d·头)烟酸铬显著提高了水牛的产奶量(P0.05);各组间乳蛋白率、乳脂率、乳总固形物和非脂固形物差异不显著(P0.05);④水牛血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在试验组与对照组间无显著差异(P0.05);与对照组相比,3.0 mg/(d·头)烟酸铬组的三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)和甲状腺素(T4)浓度显著增加(P0.05);⑤与对照组相比,试验组水牛长链乳脂不饱和脂肪酸的含量有所提高;⑥在门水平上,各组水牛的优势菌群均为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria),样本整体呈现出较丰富的多样性。日粮添加3.0 mg/(d·头)烟酸铬能改善水牛泌乳性能及抗氧化性能,效果优于其他组。 相似文献
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烟酸铬对西门塔尔牛瘤胃液pH值和氨态氮浓度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选用4头平均体重(500±20)kg,年龄4岁,装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆为基础日粮,研究日粮添加烟酸铬(0、40、801、20 mg/d)对瘤胃液pH值及氨态氮浓度的影响。结果表明:日粮添加烟酸铬对瘤胃pH值无显著差异(P>0.05);80 mg/d组瘤胃液氨态氮浓度显著低于对照组,其他各组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。综合以上结果,烟酸铬适宜添加水平为80 mg/d。 相似文献
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不同蛋白日粮补充过瘤胃叶酸对肉牛生长和消化代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究不同蛋白质水平日粮补充过瘤胃叶酸(RPFA)对肉牛生长性能和消化代谢的影响。选用64头、9月龄、体重(224±1.5)kg的金色阿奎丹×西门塔尔杂交公牛,随机分成4组,分别在低蛋白日粮(10.91%CP)或高蛋白日粮(13.07%CP)中添加0 mg或75 mg RPFA。试验牛饲喂全混合日粮,日粮精粗比为5050。试验期80 d,其中包括10 d预饲期、60 d饲养试验和10 d消化代谢试验。结果表明,日粮蛋白质水平和RPFA之间无互作效应。提高日粮蛋白质水平或添加RPFA对采食量无显著影响,但提高了日增重(P0.05),降低了料重比(P0.05),提高了肉牛日粮干物质、有机物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率(P0.05),增加了消化氮、沉积氮、沉积氮/采食氮以及蛋白生物学价值(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮蛋白质水平为13.07%或添加75 mg RPFA,日粮养分消化率、氮利用率以及生长轴激素的分泌增加,肉牛生长性能提高。 相似文献
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不同水平蛋氨酸铜对肉牛营养物质消化率的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验采用4×4拉丁方设计,选用4头年龄2.5～3岁、平均体重(420±20)kg装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔阉牛,以DL-蛋氨酸螯合铜为铜源,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆为基础日粮,研究在1.3倍维持水平下,日粮添加不同水平的铜(0,8,16,24 mg/kg干物质)对肉牛营养物质消化率的影响.结果表明,8 mg/kg组粗脂肪(EE)的消化率最好,差异不显著(P>0.05);16 mg/kg组无氮浸出物(NFE)的消化率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);24 mg/kg组有机物(OM)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的消化率最好,其中粗蛋白(CP)的消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.01).日粮中添加24 mg/kg干物质的铜可显著改善日粮营养物质消化率,建议以DL-蛋氨酸螯合铜为铜源时日粮加铜24mg/kg. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究棕榈酸(PA)与叶酸(FA)对荷斯坦育成公牛营养物质消化率、氮平衡和血液指标的影响。选用16头10月龄荷斯坦育成公牛,采用2×2因子的4×4拉丁方设计,分别在无PA日粮和含3%PA的日粮中以FA和过瘤胃叶酸(RPFA)的形式添加3.6 mg/kg FA,每期试验包括20 d预试和5 d正式试验。结果表明:PA和RPFA对营养物质消化率、氮平衡和血液指标无交互作用(P>0.05);日粮添加PA其干物质、有机物、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维消化率降低(P<0.05),消化氮和沉积氮降低(P<0.05),沉积氮/采食氮提高(P<0.05);日粮添加RPFA其干物质和有机物消化率提高(P<0.05),沉积氮、沉积氮/采食氮与沉积氮/消化氮增加(P<0.05);日粮添加PA或RPFA其血液葡萄糖浓度无显著影响(P>0.05),白蛋白与总蛋白含量提高(P<0.05),FA浓度增加(P<0.05),同型半胱氨酸浓度降低(P<0.05)。日粮添加PA其血液游离脂肪酸和β-羟丁酸浓度增加(P<0.05),添加RPFA则降低(P<0.05)。综上可知,育成牛日粮添加3%的PA或含FA 3.6 mg的RPFA可提高氮利用率。 相似文献
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为研究不同过瘤胃氨基酸-脂肪复合物添加水平对山羊饲料养分消化率的影响,试验选用4只体重为(59.80±3.23)kg、体况良好的成年崂山山羊公羊,采用拉丁方试验设计,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮的基础上添加60 g/d.只、120 g/d.只和180 g/d.只过瘤胃氨基酸-脂肪复合物。试验共分为4期,每期14 d,其中预饲期7 d,正式期7 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组能够明显提高日粮养分消化率。其中,120 g/d.只组山羊对饲料干物质、有机物、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的消化率均显著提高(P<0.05);180 g/d.只组除酸性洗涤纤维外,其他养分消化率均显著提高(P<0.05),并且粗脂肪消化率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);在氮排泄方面,各试验组排出氮占食入氮含量较对照组均有不同程度下降,60 g/d.只组下降0.93%(P>0.05),120 g/d.只组下降6.24%(P<0.01),180 g/d.只组下降2.27%(P<0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加不同水平的过瘤胃氨基酸-脂肪复合物有助于提高山羊日粮中养分消化率,促进氮的沉积,降低了氮的排出量,经回归分析结果表明添加量为117～150 g/d时对提高山羊日粮养分消化率的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献