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1.
为了研究不同蛋白质水平日粮对深县猪生长性能、养分消化率和血液生化指标的影响,试验选择体重(15.33±1.95)kg的健康深县猪64头,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪。对照组日粮蛋白质水平为16.88%,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组日粮蛋白质水平分别为15.00%、16.00%、17.00%。结果表明:试验Ⅱ组的平均日增重显著高于对照组、试验Ⅰ组(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组的料重比显著低于对照组、试验Ⅰ组(P0.05);粗蛋白与粗脂肪表观消化率各试验组与对照组之间差异不显著(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05);总能表观消化率试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组、试验Ⅰ组(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组血液白蛋白和总蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综合各项指标,在本试验条件下,生长期深县猪日粮适宜的蛋白质水平为16.00%。  相似文献   

2.
肥育猪消化能需要量研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
选用体重约52kg的杜× (大×长)猪60头 ,分为6个处理组 ,每个处理组2个重复 ,分别饲以含消化能浓度不同的6组饲粮(各组饲粮中DE与CP、Lys、Met +Cys比例相同) ,研究52～90kg肥育猪DE需要量 ;同时采用体重71kg 的阉公猪36头 ,每组6头进行消化试验 ,测定各组饲粮的DE浓度及其对饲粮养分消化率和氮平衡的影响。结果表明 ,各组饲粮DE浓度分别为13.18、13.59、13.99、14.39、14.79、15.20MJ/kg。粗脂肪消化率随DE浓度的提高而极显著提高(P<0.01) ,当DE浓度从13.18MJ/kg 升高到14.39MJ/kg时 ,能量和干物质消化率极显著提高(P<0.01)、氮消化率和氮存留量显著提高(P<0.05) ,采食量和日增重趋于提高(P>0.05)、DE日摄入量极显著提高(P<0.01) ,进一步提高DE浓度 ,能量、干物质和氮消化率降低(P<0.05)、氮存留量趋于提高(P>0.05)、生产性能未能提高 ;氮存留效率和料重比各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。DE浓度14.79MJ/kg组和15.20MJ/kg组血清甘油三酯和胆固醇含量显著高于其它组(P<0.05) ,DE浓度13.18MJ/kg组血清尿素氮含量显著低于其它组(P<0.05)。DE浓度13.18MJ/kg 组屠宰率略低于其它组(P>0.05)、胴体脂肪率极显著低于13.99MJ/kg 和14.79MJ/kg 组(P<0.01) ;13.18MJ/kg 和14.39MJ/kg组瘦肉率显著高于14.79MJ/kg 组(P<0.  相似文献   

3.
本研究分为2个试验,试验1旨在评定赖氨酸发酵蛋白粉在生长猪上的营养价值;试验2研究赖氨酸发酵蛋白粉等蛋白质替代豆粕对生长肥育猪生长、胴体性状和肉品质的影响.试验1:选用(25.0±1.1)kg杜×长×大三元杂交猪12头进行消化代谢试验,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,分别饲喂无氮日粮和以赖氨酸发酵蛋白粉作为唯一蛋白质源的试验日粮,预试期4 d,正试期4 d.试验2:选用(41.7±3.9)kg杜×长×大三元杂交猪100头进行饲养试验,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复5头猪、.Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别为饲喂赖氨酸发酵蛋白粉等蛋白质替代10%、25%、50%豆粕的日粮,体重达100 kg左右结束.消化代谢试验结果表明:赖氨酸发酵蛋白粉消化能为12.85 MJ/kg,代谢能为11.80 MJ/kg.总氨基酸含量为47.38%,总氨基酸的回肠表观消化率、真消化率分别为66.95%和70.52%,赖氨酸和蛋氨酸的回肠表观消化率、真消化率分别为72.00%、75.14%和59.37%、64.52%.饲养试验结果表明:与对照组相比,在生长期和全期,Ⅳ组平均日增重显著降低(P＜0.05),料重比显著升高(P＜0.05);在肥育期,Ⅳ组平均日采食量显著增加(P＜0.05),料重比显著升高(P＜0.05),生长期和肥育期,Ⅳ组氮消化率、氮生物学效价显著降低(P＜0.05).Ⅳ组背膘厚显著增加(P＜0.05),眼肌面积和肌肉保水能力显著降低(P＜0.05).由此得出,与豆粕相比,赖氨酸发酵蛋白粉的粗蛋白质和脂肪含量较高,但非蛋白氮比例较大,氨基酸消化率较低.等蛋白质替代10%和25%豆粕对40～100 kg的生长肥育猪生产性能、胴体性状和肉品质均无影响,可作为饲粮中的新型蛋白质原料.  相似文献   

4.
本研究旨在通过猪消化代谢试验测定浓缩脱酚棉籽蛋白(CDCP)生长猪消化能,同时研究其对仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标和养分表观消化率的影响。试验选取65日龄、体重(38.80±2.60)kg的“杜×(长×大)”健康阉公猪8头,随机分成2组(每组4个重复,每个重复1头猪),分别饲喂基础饲粮和试验饲粮(80%基础饲粮+20%CDCP),单笼饲养,采用交叉法进行消化代谢试验测定消化能。然后选取(31±2)日龄、体重(10.00±0.60)kg的“杜×(长×大)”健康仔猪132头,按随机区组设计分成2组(对照组和CDCP组),每组6个重复,每个重复11头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(鱼粉用量为4%),CDCP组饲喂试验饲粮(利用CDCP完全替代基础饲粮中的鱼粉),2种饲粮消化能和回肠标准可消化赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸水平均满足或超过NRC(2012)仔猪营养需要。试验期28 d。结果显示:生长猪对CDCP的能量表观消化率为86.64%,消化能为15.61 MJ/kg。2组仔猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、腹泻率和血清生化指标差异均不显著(P>0.05);CDCP组的能量和粗脂肪表观消化率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而2组干物质、粗蛋白质和粗灰分表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,CDCP生长猪消化能为15.61 MJ/kg。在消化能和回肠标准可消化赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸水平满足或超过NRC(2012)条件下,CDCP替代饲粮中鱼粉不影响仔猪的生长性能。  相似文献   

5.
选择体重(20.40±2.57)kg的健康渝荣1号配套系商品猪60头,随机分为5组,分别饲喂消化能浓度为13.19、14.10、14.35、14.69 MJ/kg和14.90 MJ/kg的饲粮,测定其生产性能和血清生化指标;同时进行消化试验,测定饲粮的养分消化率。结果表明:采食量和饲料增重比随消化能水平上升而下降,14.90 MJ/kg组采食量极显著低于13.19 MJ/kg组(P<0.01),14.69 MJ/kg组和14.90 MJ/kg组饲料增重比显著低于13.19 MJ/kg组(P<0.05);14.69 MJ/kg组日增重最高(P>0.05)。14.90 MJ/kg组血清总胆固醇浓度显著高于13.19 MJ/kg组和14.10 MJ/kg组(P<0.05)。各常规养分消化率随消化能水平提高而上升。由此可见,提高生长猪饲粮能量水平,能够提高营养物质的消化率、降低采食量和饲料增重比;在本试验条件下,消化能水平为14.69 MJ/kg时日增重最佳。  相似文献   

6.
试验选用体重80 kg左右的渝荣Ⅰ号肥育猪60头,随机分为5个处理组,分别饲喂消化能浓度为12.99、13.49、14.09、14.57和15.07 MJ/kg的饲粮,每组3个重复,每个重复4头猪(公母各半),研究不同能量水平对猪肥育后期生产性能和胴体肉质的影响.结果表明:渝荣Ⅰ号猪肥育后期(80～120 kg)消化能浓度为14.09 MJ/kg时生产性能最佳.随着饲粮消化能浓度的提高采食量下降、料肉比降低,日增重各组间差异不显著(P>0.05).平均背膘厚和屠宰率随着饲粮中消化能水平的提高有上升趋势,但在最高能量组(15.07 MJ/kg)出现了下降,瘦肉率的变化与背膘厚和屠宰率相反;饲粮消化能浓度对各肉质性状均无显著影响(P>0.05).  相似文献   

7.
试验选用14日龄、体重约4.1kg的三元杂交[杜×(大×长)]仔猪72头 ,分为6个处理组 ,每个处理组2个重复 ,每个重复6头仔猪。分别饲喂含消化能(DE)浓度不同的6组饲粮 ,饲粮添加大豆油和椰子油各半 ,试验到仔猪体重达8.7kg 结束。通过饲养试验和屠宰试验 ,研究4.1～8.7kg 早期断奶仔猪消化能需求参数 ;同时采用相近体重阉公仔猪36头 ,每组6头进行消化试验 ,测定各组饲粮的消化能、代谢能浓度及各营养物质消化率和氮沉积。消化试验结果表明 ,上述各组饲粮消化能浓度依次为13.53、14.34、14.79、15.26、15.64、16.04MJ/kg ;随着饲粮消化能浓度的提高 ,饲粮中干物质、氮和粗脂肪消化率都显著或极显著提高(P<0.05、P<0.01) ,能量消化率趋于提高(P>0.05) ,氮存留量和存留效率也极显著提高(P<0.01)。饲养试验和屠宰试验结果表明 ,上述各组仔猪DE日摄入量依次为3990、3967、4158、4349、4198kJ/d。DE日摄入量4349和4158kJ/d组仔猪的综合生产性能优于其它组 ;胴体瘦肉率4349kJ/d组略高于其它组(P>0.05) ;随DE摄入量的增加 ,屠宰率和眼肌面积趋于提高(P>0.05)、胴体瘦肉日增重极显著提高(P<0.01);背膘厚和胴体脂肪率在饲粮DE浓度由13.53MJ/kg增至14.79MJ/kg时趋于提高 ,继续提高DE浓度至15.64MJ/kg 则趋于降低(P>0.05  相似文献   

8.
本研究旨在评价棉籽浓缩蛋白的营养价值及其替代大豆浓缩蛋白对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率和血清生化指标的影响。试验1：将12头生长猪随机分成2组（每组6个重复，每个重复1头猪），分别饲喂玉米基础饲粮和棉籽浓缩蛋白饲粮。采用全收粪尿法和套算法测定棉籽浓缩蛋白的消化能和代谢能。试验2：将12头生长猪随机分成2组（每组6个重复，每个重复1头猪），分别饲喂无氮饲粮和棉籽浓缩蛋白饲粮。采用指示剂法和直接法测定棉籽浓缩蛋白的粗蛋白质和氨基酸标准回肠消化率。试验3：将192头断奶仔猪随机分成4组（每组6个重复，每个重复8头猪），分别饲喂棉籽浓缩蛋白水平为0、2%、4%和6%（等量替代大豆浓缩蛋白）的试验饲粮，试验期28 d。结果表明：1）风干基础下棉籽浓缩蛋白消化能、代谢能和总能消化率分别为16.51 MJ/kg、15.38 MJ/kg和89.78%。2）棉籽浓缩蛋白的粗蛋白质和氨基酸标准回肠消化率89%和75%～94%。3）不同添加水平的棉籽浓缩蛋白替代大豆浓缩蛋白对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清生化指标均没有显著影响（P>0.05）。由此可见，棉籽浓缩蛋白在断奶仔猪饲粮中可以完全...  相似文献   

9.
《养猪》2019,(6)
试验旨在研究饲粮能量水平对肥育猪生长性能和经济效益的影响。试验选择150头体重70.0 kg左右的健康杜长大三元杂种生长猪,按体重随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复10头猪,公母各半。按照等蛋白质等氨基酸配置饲粮,3组分别饲喂不同消化能水平(14.00 MJ/kg、13.80 MJ/kg、13.60 MJ/kg)的饲粮。试验期48 d。试验结果表明:1)生长性能:①在消化能值为13.60 MJ/kg时,肥育猪的日采食量、日增重、料重比最高。②随着饲粮消化能水平的降低,各组间日采食量和日增重差异不显著(P0.05),消化能为14.00 MJ/kg和13.80 MJ/kg组料重比显著低于消化能13.60 MJ/kg组(P0.05)。2)经济效益:消化能为13.60 MJ/kg组,肥育猪单头盈利最高(1 284.66元),经济效益最佳。综上所述,该试验条件下:1)消化能水平13.60 MJ/kg时,肥育猪日采食量和日增重最高,单头盈利最高。2)消化能值为14.00 MJ/kg时,肥育猪体型较好。  相似文献   

10.
本试验旨在采用体内法和体外法评估辽东栎籽实(QLS)在生长猪饲粮中的营养价值。试验共由3个试验组成:试验1测定基础饲粮添加10%和20%QLS对生长猪饲粮养分消化率的影响,并采用套算法计算QLS在猪上的消化能值;试验2采用单胃动物仿生消化系统(SDS-Ⅲ),测定饲粮添加2%、6%和10%QLS对猪饲粮养分消化率的影响;试验3选择在6%QLS饲粮(对照组)基础上分别添加6 mg/kg单宁酶(100 000 U/g)、500 mg/kg非淀粉多糖酶(包含10 000 U/g的木聚糖酶、250 U/g的纤维素酶、1 000 U/g的β-葡聚糖酶、1 000 U/g的酸性甘露聚糖酶和500 U/g的果胶酶)以及单宁酶和非淀粉多糖酶组合的外源酶制剂,测定其对含QLS的猪饲粮养分消化率的影响。结果表明:1)试验1、试验2中饲粮总能、粗蛋白质和干物质的全肠道表观消化率(ATTP)均随QLS添加水平的提高而显著降低(P0.05)。2) 0、10%和20%QLS饲粮的消化能分别为(14.41±0.26) MJ/kg DM、(13.64±0.59) MJ/kg DM和(12.73±0.45) MJ/kg DM,以套算法计算得到QLS消化能约为6.36 MJ/kg DM。3)与对照组相比,各外源酶制剂添加组总磷的ATTP显著提高(P0.05),总能和粗纤维的ATTP有提高趋势(0.05≤P0.10),干物质、粗蛋白质和钙的ATTP无显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加2%～10%QLS对生长猪饲粮养分的体外消化率有降低作用,添加单宁酶和非淀粉多糖酶对QLS饲粮的养分消化率无显著改善作用。  相似文献   

11.
Capromorelin is a ghrelin receptor agonist that is FDA approved for appetite stimulation in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of daily oral administration of capromorelin to cats over a range of doses and for an extended period. Two randomized, controlled studies were conducted: in Study 1, cats (n = 6 per group) received placebo or capromorelin at a dose of 9, 15, 30 or 60 mg/kg once daily for 14 days; and in Study 2, cats received capromorelin at 6 mg/kg (n = 8) or placebo (n = 4) once daily for 91 days. Cats were evaluated using clinical observations and clinical pathology test results for both studies, with the addition of postmortem examination in Study 1 and measurements of growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor 1 in Study 2. Abnormal clinical observations were limited to emesis, hypersalivation, lethargy/depression, head shaking and lip smacking, which occurred more frequently in the capromorelin‐treated groups than in the placebo group. There were no clinically relevant differences in clinical pathology test results between the capromorelin and placebo groups in either study.  相似文献   

12.
对10个青贮玉米品种自然发病情况进行调查,并采用病级分类方法对抗病性分类。结果表明:对锈病表现抗性和中抗的品种有3个和5个,分别占供试品种的30%和50%;对大斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有4个和5个,分别占供试品种的40%和50%;对褐斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有6个和3个,分别占供试品种的60%和30%;对小斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有6个和3个,分别占供试品种的60%和30%。多数品种对青贮玉米4种病害抗性表现较好,可从青贮玉米供试材料中选用优良抗病材料用于四川地区种植。  相似文献   

13.
Activation of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) leads to the formation of superoxide, which is in turn dismutated to H2O2 by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and is partly responsible for oxygen-dependent microbicidal activity. However, no comparative information is available on the effect of SOD inhibition before PMN activation to allow simulation of the SOD defects that are known to occur in some ruminants. This paper attempts to examine the degranulative and phagocytic responses in buffalo, cattle and goat PMNs exposed to diethyldithiocarbamate, a known SOD inhibitor. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and reductase was increased in the presence of SOD inhibitor. On activation, H2O2 production increased significantly (p<0.01), while SOD inhibition before the activation of PMNs caused a significant decline in the production of H2O2 (p<0.05) in all the species studied. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the phagocytosis of Candida albicans spores by buffalo PMNs activated with opsonized zymosan. Activation of bovine PMNs after exposure to the SOD inhibitor resulted in a significant decline (p<0.05) in phagocytic activity; in the other species, the two values only approached significance. Among the activators, opsonized zymosan caused a significant increase in phagocytic activity as compared to lipopolysaccharide, particularly in the PMNs of buffaloes (p<0.05). Increased fungicidal activity (p<0.05) occurred with opsonized zymosan-activated PMNs of all the species studied. The fungicidal activity was found to decline in PMNs exposed to SOD inhibitor before activation (p<0.05). Interestingly, the phagocytic activity of caprine PMNs was found to be lower than that of PMNs from cattle (p<0.05).  相似文献   

14.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different dietary ratios of 13 C to 12 C or 15 N to 14 N on their relative incorporation into tissues. Eighty male rats were used in two 21-day feeding trials in which they were fed diets with either high δ13C levels (δ13C = −13.89‰ and δ15N = 2.37‰ in experiment 1 and δ13C = −19.34‰ and δ15N = 4.73‰ in experiment 2) or low δ13C levels (δ13C = −17.90‰ and δ15N = 3.08‰ in experiment 1 and δ13C = −21.76‰ and δ15N = 0.53‰ in experiment 2), meanwhile, the dietary δ15N levels were designed to two ranks. Blood, liver, adipose and muscle tissues were collected on day 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 for determination of 13 C, 12 C, 15 N and 14 N isotopes. Rat growth rate, antioxidant capacity and metabolic parameters were also assessed. The results indicate that adipose tissue tend to deplete 13 C before the stable isotopic ratios achieved final equilibrium. Therefore, feeds with different isotopic signatures had different incorporation rates into tissues. Low dietary 13 C levels decreased tissue δ13C values whereas high dietary 13 C levels did not alter tissue δ13C values during the 21-d experiment. Blood δ15N values were a reliable parameter in assessing the relative contribution of dietary nitrogen to tissues. This study revealed a relationship between dietary isotopic signatures and their incorporation rates into rat tissues. However, more studies are needed to illustrate the mechanism through which dietary isotopic ratios influence the extent of isotopic incorporation into the tissues.  相似文献   

15.

Objective

To test the postexposure analgesic efficacy of low doses of eugenol in zebrafish.

Study design

Prospective experimental study.

Animals

A total of 76 large adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Methods

Fish swimming behavior (median velocity, freeze time, high-speed swimming and distance moved in the vertical direction) was recorded in a 1.6 L video arena before and after exposure to eugenol (0, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 mg L?1). In a second experiment, fish were anesthetized with 2-phenoxy-ethanol and treated with an injection of 5% acetic acid (noxious stimulus), and then exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 5 mg L?1 eugenol. The fish swimming behavior was also recorded.

Results

The higher doses (10 and 20 mg L?1) reduced the median velocity, high-speed swimming and distance moved in the vertical direction, and increased the freeze time. Zebrafish behavior was not altered by eugenol (1, 2 and 5 mg L?1) after noxious stimulation.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The change in the behavior of zebrafish associated with a noxious stimulus can be monitored and is a good model for studying analgesia in fish. Eugenol (10 and 20 mg L?1) induced zebrafish sedation. The response after a noxious stimulus was not affected by postexposure to lower doses, and thus we cannot recommend its use as an analgesic.  相似文献   

16.
本文以千日红组培苗为试验材料,研究培养基中氮形态及含量对千日红试管苗生长和开花诱导的影响。结果表明,1)相对于铵态氮(NH4+),硝态氮(No3-)作为唯一氮源更有利于千日红试管苗生长和开花诱导,但千日红在NH4+和NO3-同时存在的培养基中表现最佳。2)在20 mmol/LNH4+(NO3-)和5 mg/L PP333存在的条件下,试管苗生长基本随着培养基中NO3-(NH4+)含量的增加而增加,并在含40 mmol/L NO3-+20 mmol/L NH4+(即MS培养基中氮含量)的培养基中株高达到最大值5.91 cm;而叶片数和开花率则随着培养基中NH4+和NO3-含量的增加呈现先增加后下降的趋势,并在20 mmol/L NO3-+5 mmol/LNH4+培养基中达到最大值,分别为10.7片/株和38.89%。3)氮含量及形态配比结果表明,千日红试管苗开花率在培养基中氮总量为5 mmol/L、NO3-/NH4+为4/1时达到最大值39.95%,而株高和叶片数在氮总量为35 mmol/L,NO3-/NH4+为4/1时达到最大值8.52 cm和13.38片/株。千日红试管苗开花率与培养基中NO3-/NH4+显著正相关,而与氮总量及株高之间显著负相关。此外,培养基中氮含量及形态配比还显著影响无菌苗根系生长。  相似文献   

17.
The pharmacokinetic properties of three formulations of vitacoxib were investigated in horses. To describe plasma concentrations and characterize the pharmacokinetics, 6 healthy adult Chinese Mongolian horses were administered a single dose of 0.1 mg/kg bodyweight intravenous (i.v.), oral paste, or oral tablet vitacoxib in a 3-way, randomized, parallel design. Blood samples were collected prior to and at various times up to 72 hr postadministration. Plasma vitacoxib concentrations were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental analysis. No complications resulting from the vitacoxib administration were noted on subsequent administrations, and all procedures were tolerated well by the horses throughout the study. The elimination half-life (T1/2λz) was 4.24 ± 1.98 hr (i.v.), 8.77 ± 0.91 hr (oral paste), and 8.12 ± 4.24 hr (oral tablet), respectively. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 28.61 ± 9.29 ng/ml (oral paste) and 19.64 ± 9.26 ng/ml (oral tablet), respectively. Area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUClast) was 336 ± 229 ng hr/ml (i.v.), 221 ± 94 ng hr/ml (oral paste), and 203 ± 139 ng hr/ml, respectively. The results showed statistically significant differences between the 2 oral vitacoxib groups in Tmax value. T1/2λz (hr), AUClast (ng hr/ml), and MRT (hr) were significantly different between i.v. and oral groups. The longer half-life observed following oral administration was consistent with the flip-flop phenomenon.  相似文献   

18.
The current NRC dietary selenium (Se) requirement (0.15 mg/kg) of broilers is primarily based on growth performance data reported in 1986. Our study aimed to determine optimal dietary Se levels of broilers fed a practical corn-soybean meal diet for the full expression of selenoproteins in various tissues. A total of 384 one-d-old male broilers (n = 8 replicates/diet) were fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 mg Se/kg in the form of Na2SeO3 for 21 d. Regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the optimal dietary Se levels using broken-line, quadratic or asymptotic models. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the plasma, liver, kidney and pancreas, iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO) in the plasma, liver and pancreas, and thioredoxin reductase (Txnrd) in the liver and pancreas, the mRNA levels of Gpx1, Gpx4, Dio1, selenoprotein (Seleno) h, Selenop and Selenou in the liver, Gpx4, Dio1, Txnrd1, Txnrd2, Selenoh, Selenop and Selenou in the kidney, and Gpx1, Gpx4, Selenoh and Selenou in the pancreas, and the protein levels of GPX4 in the liver and kidney of broilers were influenced (P < 0.05) by added Se levels, and increased quadratically (P < 0.05) with the increase of added Se levels. The estimates of optimal dietary Se levels were 0.07 to 0.36 mg/kg based on the fitted broken-line, quadratic or asymptotic models (P < 0.001) of the aforementioned selenoprotein expression in the plasma, liver and kidney, and 0.09 to 0.46 mg/kg based on the fitted broken-line models (P < 0.001) of the aforementioned selenoprotein expression in the pancreas. The results indicate that the optimal dietary Se levels would be 0.36 mg/kg to support the full expression of selenoproteins in the plasma, liver and kidney, and 0.46 mg/kg to support the full expression of selenoproteins in the pancreas of broilers fed a practical corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 d of age.  相似文献   

19.
An experiment was designed to determine the influence of fibre and betaine on the development of the intestine, liver and pancreas of broilers from hatch to 14 d of age. A total of 250-day-old Cobb 500 male broilers were allocated to 16 cages with 15 broilers each. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial design, consisting of 2 feed formulations (low and high fibre diets) and 4 levels of betaine (0, 1, 3 or 5 kg/t). At hatch, 10 birds in total were euthanised, and samples of the liver, pancreas, yolk sac and intestine were collected for reference of the analysed parameters before the start of the trial. On d 4, 9 and 14, 5 birds per cage (10 birds per treatment) were selected, euthanised and treated as the same as the birds at hatch. Villus height and width and crypt depth were determined on the duodenum samples, and absorptive area was calculated. The number of enterocytes in mitosis at the villus was determined by a positive reaction to antibody for Ki67 protein, and fused villus was evaluated visually. The relative weight of the yolk sac reduced (P < 0.05) as birds aged while the intestine and liver reached a maximum (P < 0.05) at around d 4 and the pancreas at d 9. Birds fed the high fibre diet had greater feed intake, lower relative weight of the pancreas and higher villus (P < 0.05) than birds fed the low fibre diet. Villus width increased (P < 0.05) at 4 d of age, and this was associated with fused villus. Betaine inclusion reduced (P < 0.05) villus width, increased (P < 0.05) villus size and absorptive area, and reduced (P < 0.05) the number of enterocytes with positive reaction for the antibody Ki-67. Betaine inclusion reduced the width and increased the absorptive area and the villus height of the duodenum of birds up to 14 d of age. The higher fibre diet increased feed intake and villus height, yet reduced pancreas relative weight, while not affecting body weight gain. This response was possibly due to a dilution effect of the fibre, reducing nutrient absorption and consequently stimulating villus growth to improve absorption rates.  相似文献   

20.
We report the cryopreservation of oocytes from Ban miniature pigs which are endemic in Vietnam. Immature cumulus‐oocyte complexes were collected from antral follicles of 7–8 mo old female cyclic Ban pigs and vitrified in micro‐drops. Oocyte morphology, lipid content, post‐warming survival, nuclear maturation, and embryo development were compared to those of oocytes from commercially slaughtered Landrace × Large white hybrid pigs. The size of oocytes in the two breeds was similar. However, significantly lower amounts of intracellular lipid were detected in Ban oocytes. There was no difference (p > 0.05) between Ban and Landrace × Large white oocytes in percentages of post‐warming survival (93.1 ± 3.4% vs. 70.7 ± 16.7%, respectively) and nuclear maturation after in vitro maturation (80.4 ± 5.1% vs. 90.0 ± 1.3% respectively). Similarly, cleavage (30.8 ± 7.8% vs. 10.3 ± 6.1%, respectively) and blastocyst development rates (9.4 ± 5.0% vs. 0.79 ± 0.79, respectively) were not different (p > 0.05) between vitrified Ban and Landrace × Large white oocytes after in vitro fertilization and embryo culture. In conclusion, high survival and maturation rates were achieved after vitrification of immature Ban oocytes and their cryo‐tolerance was similar to that of Landrace × Large white oocytes, despite the difference in lipid content. We succeeded to generate reasonable rates of blastocysts from vitrified Ban oocytes by in vitro fertilization.  相似文献   

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