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1.
食草昆虫蓼蓝齿胫叶甲初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
蓼蓝齿胫叶甲在政治一年发生一代，以成虫在土壤中越冬。成虫、幼虫均以蓼科杂草为食，是麦田中扁蓄，水蓼等有害杂草的重要天敌。本文对蓼蓝齿胫叶甲各虫态形态特征，年生活史与生活习性，发育起点温度与有效积温，田间发生动态，发生与环境的关系，寄主范围、成虫与幼虫食量及在田间对蓼科杂草的封闭和了报道。 相似文献
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一种专食杂草的甲虫 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
齿果酸模是农田中常见的一种杂草,1997年笔者发现该杂草上有一种甲虫取食,虫量大时,全株叶片被吃光,只留叶脉,导致整株枯死。经鉴定为蓼蓝解胫叶甲（Gastrophysaatrocyanea）。据文献记载,蓼蓝角胫叶甲是一种寡食性昆虫,寄主为蓼科植物,是蓼科杂草的重要天敌,为了保护和利用这种食草昆虫,现将其形态特征和生活习性报道如下：1、形态特征（见图1）成虫体蓝黑色,腹末节黄褐色,椭圆形,体长5．O－5．snun,宽3mm,怀卵雌虫体稍大,腹部肥大腹端外露于鞘翅,触角11节,端部6节明显加租,前胸背板模宽,基部比鞘翅路狭,具小圆刻点… 相似文献
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酸模角胫叶甲（C．astrophysa atroeyanea Motschulsky．）是蓼科杂草的天敌昆虫,寡食性,对农田常见杂草齿果酸模（Rumex dentatus L．）有很好的控制作用。成虫、幼虫取食齿果酸模叶片,大龄幼虫群集蚕食叶片,使之仅剩叶脉,导致植株枯死。酸模角胫叶甲1年发生1代,以成虫在寄主植物根部13～17cm深土中越冬、越夏。翌年3月中旬越冬成虫出土,取食、交配、产卵,孵化幼虫大量取食,老熟幼虫入土化蛹,羽化成虫出土活动,5月下旬至6月中旬成虫入土越夏、越冬。控草期达50～60d。 相似文献
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羊蹄齿胫叶(虫甲)(Gasfrophysa alrocyfltlca Motschulsky) (又名蓼蓝角胫叶(虫甲))和凹胸萤叶(虫甲)(Inadimonia polanini Ogloblin),也是田园重要杂草巴天酸模(Rumex patientia L.)的天敌。现就田间观察和室内饲养的结果简报如下: 相似文献
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蓼科杂草的重要天敌——蓼蓝齿胫叶甲 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
蓼蓝齿胫叶甲是蓼科杂草的重要天敌 ,以成虫、幼虫取食寄主叶片、叶柄和和植株生长点 ,导致全株枯死。该虫在宜昌 1年发生 1代,2月底至 3月初成虫出蛰取食、交配产卵 ,3月中旬始见幼虫,4月上旬至 6月上旬老熟幼虫入土化蛹 ,4月中旬以后成虫陆续羽化 ,以未交配成虫在土壤中越夏越冬。该虫历期卵7～10d ,幼虫10～20d ,蛹5～10d ,成虫期长达1年之久 相似文献
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萹蓄角腔叶(虫甲)(Gastrophysa atrocyanea Motschulsky)(鞘翅目叶(虫甲)科)是麦田、旱谷田蓼科杂草:萹蓄(Polygonum aviculare)、酸模(Rumex crispus)、白花蓼(Polygonumorientale)及红花蓼(P.hydropiper)等的狭食性天敌,是一种有一定利用前景的本地杂草生防作用物。在江苏、福建、湖北等省田间,对蓼科杂草表现出明显的防除效果。该虫的形态特征、生活习性、食性范围及对蓼科杂草的控制效果等已有初步报道。本文根据 相似文献
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亚洲玉米螟幼虫对不同寄主植物的取食选择性 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
为深入了解亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)不同龄期幼虫的取食特性,采用叶碟法对6个科的24种植物进行了测定.结果显示,亚洲玉米螟初孵幼虫选择性试验中,酸模叶蓼上幼虫百分率最高,为29.81％;菜豆上次之,为27.36％.3龄幼虫选择性试验中,菜豆上幼虫百分率最高,为28.66％;酸模叶蓼上次之,为26.21％;该虫较喜食的其它几种植物上幼虫百分率由多到少依次是葎草、向日葵和苘麻,而玉米叶片上的幼虫取食百分率最低,初孵幼虫为0,3龄幼虫为4.28％.5龄幼虫在上述6种植物茎秆或果实上取食停留的时间没有显著差异.试验说明,亚洲玉米螟幼虫保持了对原始寄主的取食特性. 相似文献
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亚洲玉米螟的寄主植物种类 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探明亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)的寄主植物种类,对13科38种植物进行了田间笼罩接虫试验和室内生物测定,并通过组建实验种群生命表分析了不同寄主植物对亚洲玉米螟生长发育和繁殖的影响。田间试验结果表明,亚洲玉米螟寄主植物有8科20种,酸模叶蓼是最适宜寄主植物,其次为玉米、谷子、薏苡等;在酸模叶蓼、玉米等11种植物上还发现了第2代幼虫。室内试验结果表明,在室内饲养条件下,亚洲玉米螟能在9科25种寄主植物上完成生活史,其中以向日葵为寄主植物的亚洲玉米螟种群增长最快,其次为玉米。研究表明,亚洲玉米螟的寄主植物共有9科27种,较适宜寄主植物有酸模叶蓼、玉米、谷子、苍耳和葎草,其中在玉米上的生长发育和繁殖最佳。 相似文献
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广西龙眼、荔枝、香蕉园杂草调查初报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对广西龙眼、荔枝、香蕉种植有代表性的桂中象州、桂南邕宁两县6个乡镇35个果园共150hm^2的杂草进行调查，鉴定和统计分析，结果表明：广西龙眼、荔枝、香蕉园的杂草群落以一年生杂草为主，其中龙眼、荔枝园的杂草种类有53种，分属19科，危害较重的杂草优势为菊科的胜红蓟、禾本科的马唐、莎草科的香附子等；香蕉园的杂草种类有33种，分属17科，危害较重的杂草优势种为蓼科的酸模叶蓼、菊科的胜红蓟、玄参科的母草等。为开展化学除划及综合治理龙眼、荔枝、香蕉园杂草提供依据。 相似文献
11.
Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
14.
棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM433和EM110。 相似文献
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调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
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The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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Sj J. Gerbrandy 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(5):269-276
The variability of dormancy of sclerotia of ten isolates ofSclerotium cepivorum was investigated. Of all isolates tested, the freshly harvested sclerotia were dormant. After drying for 48 hours the sclerotia of six isolates were able to germinate, two isolates stayed dormant and two isolates were infested by hyperparasitic fungi. After storage in soil at 5°C or 20°C, the sclerotia of the different isolates exhibited considerable differences in respect to germination capability, but all isolates showed highest germination after a treatment of 8 weeks at 20°C followed by 8 weeks at 5°C. The sclerotia of all isolates showed an increased capacity to germinate withoutAllium extracts at 10°C after pretreatment at 30°C for 28 days. 相似文献
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Zahida Iqbal Syuntaro Hiradate Akio Noda Sei-Ichi Isojima Yoshiharu Fujii 《Weed Biology and Management》2002,2(2):110-115
The allelopathic potential of buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ) was investigated. Field study showed that living buckwheat reduced weed biomass compared with plots without buckwheat. Laboratory study revealed that root exudates suppressed root and shoot growth of weeds and reduced weed dry weight. Sequential partitioning of the aqueous ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of buckwheat showed that the chloroform extract caused an 80% reduction in radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings at a concentration of less than 100 p.p.m. Fagomine, 4-piperidone and 2-piperidinemethanol were isolated and identified by 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance from the chloroform extract. These compounds caused a 50% inhibition of radicle elongation in lettuce seedlings at concentrations of less than 100 p.p.m. These results suggest that compounds 1, 2, and 3 might act as allelochemicals and affect the growth or germination of different plant species. 相似文献