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三疣梭子蟹病原弗氏柠檬酸杆菌的分离鉴定及定居因子抗原基因检测 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
2009年10月江苏赣榆地区某养殖场养殖的三疣梭子蟹出现大量死亡,症状主要表现为:病蟹行动缓慢、不摄食,蟹体消瘦,打开头胸甲可见肝胰腺、鳃、肌肉等内脏组织水肿,部分肝胰腺和肌肉组织呈腐烂状。从患病梭子蟹肌肉、肝胰脏、体内积液中分离到大量优势生长的细菌。人工感染试验,证明分离菌(JG091120-1)对健康三疣梭子蟹具有很强的致病性。对分离菌进行了形态特征、理化特性等常规表型生物学检验,同时利用分子生物学方法测定了代表菌株的16S rRNA和gyrB基因序列,其中分离菌16S rRNA基因序列长度为1 451 bp(登录号HQ170626),gyrB基因序列长度为1 186 bp(登录号HQ170627),分析了16S rRNA和gyrB两种基因序列的同源性。根据分离菌的表型及分子生物学特性,判定该菌为肠杆菌科枸橼酸属的弗氏柠檬酸杆菌。定居因子抗原cfa是肠杆菌科产肠毒素细菌的一种重要致病因子,利用特异性引物进行cfa基因的PCR扩增,分离菌可以扩增出大小在100 bp的基因片段,表明本次分离的病原弗氏柠檬酸杆菌具有cfa毒力因子。 相似文献
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为研究凡纳滨对虾死亡的致病机理,实验采用TCBS培养基从濒死凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺分离到浅绿色、直径3～7 mm的发荧光菌落;革兰氏染色为阴性短杆菌;经API20E鉴定,分离株PvL-1与坎氏弧菌参考菌株CAIM249相似度为90%;fitZ序列与坎氏弧菌CP020076相似度为99.31%;gapA序列与坎氏弧菌EF596552相似度为98.89%;采用坎氏弧菌种特异性引物对PvL-1进行PCR分析,可扩增出坎氏弧菌种特异性片段,不能扩增出轮虫弧菌和哈维氏弧菌特异性片段,上述结果表明PvL-1为坎氏弧菌成员。分离菌株在10%脱纤维羊血平板呈β溶血,脱脂奶粉平板出现明显透明圈,表明存在溶血性和胞外蛋白酶活性。分析了PvL-1的急性肝胰腺坏死病、溶血素基因、菌毛基因和其他毒力基因,表明PvL-1具有AP4、TLH、vcahHly、flaC、mukF、gloB、sodB和esrB等毒力基因。PvL-1可使健康凡纳滨对虾发病死亡,濒死凡纳滨对虾与自然发病虾呈现类似症状,对凡纳滨对虾半数致死浓度(LD50)2.94×104 CFU/尾;病理组织观察发现,人工感染发病凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺小管细胞脱落、崩解、血细胞浸润等,与自然发病凡纳滨对虾病理特征相同。研究表明,本次实验分离到可发光的坎氏弧菌PvL-1,对凡纳滨对虾有较强致病性,拓展了对凡纳滨对虾发光坎氏弧菌的认知。 相似文献
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为了探究江苏省泗洪县多家养殖场克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)出现暴发性死亡的病因，本研究以濒死的克氏原螯虾进行病原检测分析，从濒死虾肝胰腺中分离到优势生长菌(菌株编号CPA2020),经对分离菌进行致病性、形态与生理生化特征及gyrB基因同源性与系统发育分析，结果表明引起克氏原螯虾暴发性死亡的病原为维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii),人工感染实验结果表明分离菌CPA2020对克氏原螯虾具有较强的致病性，LD50为6.31×105 CFU/mL。组织病理学观察发现克氏原螯虾的肝胰腺与肠道组织出现严重的病理损伤，肝细胞裂解，空泡化严重，部分肝细胞坏死，肠壁结缔组织萎缩，皱嵴减少，肠上皮细胞坏死，与自然患病虾的病理变化相同。毒力基因检测表明分离菌CPA2020携带lip、hly、flgN、ompA、flgM、flaH、aha和flgA 8种毒力基因。此外分离菌CPA2020可分泌卵磷脂酶、明胶酶和溶血素。耐药谱测定结果显示，该菌对链霉素、万古霉素、环丙沙星等12种药物耐药，对头孢唑林、克拉霉素等9种药物中介，对... 相似文献
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《中国渔业质量与标准》2016,(6)
2016年1—2月湖南安化地区网箱养殖的斑点叉尾鮰暴发大规模死亡,死亡率接近80%,发病鱼体重为1.5~2.0 kg。本研究从患病濒死鱼肝、脾、肾分离到1株致病菌,对其进行常规理化特性、分子生物学、人工感染实验以及药敏性检测。结果显示,分离菌株理化特性与鲁氏耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia ruckeri)特征相符,与NCBI中登录的鲁氏耶尔森氏菌的16S rDNA基因同源性达99%以上,在系统发育树上与鲁氏耶尔森氏菌聚为一族。人工感染鱼出现与自然发病相似症状,并能够从发病鱼组织中再次分离到相同病原菌,表明鲁氏耶尔森氏菌为斑点叉尾鮰该病病原菌。该分离菌株对氟苯尼考、多西环素及新霉素等药物高度敏感,本研究为斑点叉尾鮰暴发性出血病防控提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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黄金鲫温和气单胞菌鉴定及溶血素基因检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用常规的培养特征、理化特性及分子生物学的方法,从患病的黄金鲫体内分离到的优势菌YD-1进行了回感试验、表观生物学、药敏试验及毒力因子检测等系统性研究。结果表明,该菌在盐度1-3%、PH4-9,温度10-30℃的营养肉汤培养基中均能生长。该菌株16S rRNA基因序列（GenBank收录号: KC561935, 长度1446bp）和gyrB基因序列（GenBank收录号: KC561934, 长度1169bp）分别与其他气单胞菌属细菌的基因同源性相思似在97%-99%之间,构建系统发育树确定该菌株为温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)。人工回感试验可引起健康银鲫死亡。对该菌毒力因子进行检测,可扩增出溶血素基因片段。药敏试验显示：该菌对多粘菌素、头孢呋辛、米诺环素、复达新、菌必治、新霉素等6种药物敏感。 相似文献
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自腹部肿大、腹水和出血等症状的患病棘胸蛙蝌蚪内脏中分离到4株细菌,人工感染确定菌株JK-3为致病菌。经生化鉴定,菌株JK-3符合肺炎克雷伯菌特征; 16S rDNA基因序列比对及系统发育分析表明,菌株JK-3与肺炎克雷伯菌标准株(ATCC700721/NR_074913.1)的同源性达99.5%。结果表明,菌株JK-3为肺炎克雷伯菌,是引起棘胸蛙蝌蚪腹部肿大、腹水和出血等症状疾病的病原。药敏试验结果显示,肺炎克雷伯菌JK-3对美满霉素、丁胺卡那、复达欣、哌拉西林、庆大霉素、先锋必素、先锋Ⅳ敏感,对其余19种药物均耐药或中度耐药。 相似文献
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2017年4月,浙江台州某海水养殖公司跑道式养殖池黑棘鲷大量发病,病鱼活力下降、食欲减退、体表溃疡,剖检可见肝脏、脾脏、肾脏肿大且有不同程度的白色结节,同时伴随大量腹水。用胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂(TSA)从典型结节病濒死黑棘鲷器官分离到革兰阴性短杆菌。分离病原菌AS15对健康黑棘鲷的致病力结果显示,AS15腹腔注射可使健康黑棘鲷发病死亡,死亡黑棘鲷可出现自然发病症状,在(24±1)°C的条件下,(25±2) g黑棘鲷的半数致死浓度(LD_(50))为6.5×10~4 CFU/尾。经API 20E鉴定,分离菌株AS15生理生化特性与类杀鱼爱德华氏菌LADL05-105和迟缓爱德华氏菌典型菌ATCC15947相似度为86.2%,与杀鱼爱德华氏菌ET~T883的相似度为82.8%;AS15的16S rDNA与杀鱼爱德华氏菌ET~T883同源性达99%,gyrB与类杀鱼爱德华氏菌LADL05-105和杀鱼爱德华氏菌ETT883同源性分别为100%和98%;16S rDNA进化树显示,AS15与ETT883、LADL05-105聚为一簇,gyrB进化树与LADL05-105、NCIM2056聚为一簇;采用4种爱德华氏菌属种特异性引物对AS15进行PCR分析,结果显示,AS15可扩增出类杀鱼爱德华氏菌的种特异性片段,不能扩增出迟缓爱德华氏菌、鲇鱼爱德华氏菌、杀鱼爱德华氏菌的种特异性片段,表明AS15属类杀鱼爱德华氏菌成员。分析了AS15的菌毛基因、sodB等毒力基因,发现AS15具有fimA、fimB、fimC、fimD等4种菌毛基因和sodB、citC、esrB、mukF、katB等毒力基因。本实验首次从黑棘鲷上检出致病性类杀鱼爱德华氏菌,该菌对黑棘鲷的发病机制和毒力机理还需进一步研究。 相似文献
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2022年3月，广东珠三角地区养殖的大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）发生了大规模暴发性死亡，特别是佛山市南海区，死亡率高达20%～50%。为明确大口黑鲈死亡原因，采集佛山市南海区沙头镇腹部膨大和内脏缺血、体长25～35 cm濒死病鱼42尾，进行组织病理分析、病原分离与鉴定、病原菌毒力和耐药性检测等，为该病的诊断和防控提供科学依据。结果显示，病鱼主要临床症状为严重腹水、肝脏和鳃缺血以及肝脏和肾脏肿大。病理切片显示。肝脏和肾脏均严重组织变性和细胞坏死。从肝脾肾组织中均分离出大量菌落形态一致的细菌，其中肝组织细菌丰度最高。生化鉴定和16S r RNA分子鉴定结果表明：细菌S1为杀鱼爱德华氏菌（Edwardsiella piscicida），在系统进化树中与杀鱼爱德华氏菌（MN203719.1）自然聚为一支。动物回归感染实验表明该菌为引起大口黑鲈死亡的致病菌，且毒力很强。药敏试验结果显示，该菌对氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、多西环素等药物敏感，对利福平、阿莫西林、四环素耐受。 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
13.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
15.
Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
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T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Effects of cortisol on hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and responsiveness to hormones in the sea raven,Hemitripterus americanus 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The sea raven, Hemitripterus americanus, is a sit-and-wait, low metabolic rate, marine teleost. The objective of this study was to determine i) whether cortisol implantation (50 mg. kg-1) for 7 days altered hepatocyte metabolism, and hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine, glucagon and insulin, and ii) whether 8 weeks of food-deprivation modified the above response. Cortisol implantation significantly increased hepatocyte
total glucose production and oxidation from alanine compared to the sham group. There was no cortisol effect on glycogen breakdown,
suggesting that the activation of other pathways, including gluconeogenesis, are required to account for the increased glucose
production. Epinephrine-mediated (10-5M) glycogen breakdown and insulin-mediated (10-8M) total glucose production were enhanced in hepatocytes of cortisol implanted sea ravens, but there were no change in any
glucagon (10-7M) effects. The enhanced glycogen breakdown in the absence of similar increases in total glucose production with epinephrine
indicates mobilization of carbohydrate reserves for endogenous use by the liver.
Food-deprivation for 8 weeks significantly decreased condition factor, plasma cortisol concentration and liver glycogen content
in the sea raven, but had no effect on plasma glucose concentration. Hepatocyte total glucose production and flux rates from
alanine increased significantly with food-deprivation. Moreover, food-deprivation increased responsiveness of total hepatocyte
glucose production to the actions of glucagon and insulin, but not to epinephrine; none of these effects were modified by
cortisol implantation.
Our results indicate that cortisol in the sea raven exerts both a direct and an indirect or permissive effect on hepatocyte
metabolism by modifying hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine and insulin stimulation. Cortisol implantation did not modify
the effects of glucagon or food-deprivation in this species. 相似文献
18.
Simulation and quantification of enrichment and retention processes in the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
CHRISTOPHE LETT CLAUDE ROY ANNE LEVASSEUR CARL D. VAN DER LINGEN CHRISTIAN MULLON 《Fisheries Oceanography》2006,15(5):363-372
Important environmental processes for the survival and recruitment of early life stages of pelagic fishes have been synthesized through Bakun's fundamental triad as enrichment, concentration and retention processes (A. Bakun, 1996, Patterns in the Ocean. Ocean Processes and Marine Population Dynamics. San Diego, CA, USA: University of California Sea Grant). This conceptual framework states that from favourable spawning habitats, eggs and larvae would be transported to and/or retained in places where food originating from enrichment areas would be concentrated. We propose a method for quantifying two of the triad processes, enrichment and retention, based on the Lagrangian tracking of particles transported within water velocity fields generated by a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model. We apply this method to the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem, constructing putative maps of enrichment and retention. We comment on these maps regarding main features of the circulation in the region, and investigate seasonal variability of the processes. We finally discuss the results in relation to available knowledge on the reproductive strategies of two pelagic clupeoid species abundant in the southern Benguela, anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardinops sagax). Our approach is intended to be sufficiently generic so as to allow its application to other upwelling systems. 相似文献
19.
This study evaluated the effects of three levels of loading density (200, 300 and 400 g L−1) and four levels of duration (1, 3, 6 and 9 h) on the mortality, plasma cortisol and chloride levels and growth of rohu Labeo
rohita fingerlings in a transport simulation. While total immediate mortality was low (4–12%), delayed mortality was high (27–49%).
Initial capture and handling were found to constitute the most stressful phase as indicated by elevated plasma cortisol. The
levels of cortisol continued to rise at 6 and 9 h after transport, with the highest level observed at 9 h after transport.
The level of plasma chloride fell after transport across all density levels and treatment durations. Specific growth rate
(SGR, %/day) and total bacterial density (cfu/g) were not different between and within treatments, and between treatments
and the controls. This study demonstrates that transport has a profound effect on the stress responses of rohu fingerlings.
Although the level of immediate mortality was low, the higher level of delayed mortality has serious implications in terms
of production inefficiency for grow-out farmers. 相似文献
20.
Gabrielle C. Canonico Angela Arthington Jeffrey K. McCrary Michele L. Thieme 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2005,15(5):463-483
- 1. The common name ‘tilapia’ refers to a group of tropical freshwater fish in the family Cichlidae (Oreochromis, Tilapia, and Sarotherodon spp.) that are indigenous to Africa and the southwestern Middle East. Since the 1930s, tilapias have been intentionally dispersed worldwide for the biological control of aquatic weeds and insects, as baitfish for certain capture fisheries, for aquaria, and as a food fish. They have most recently been promoted as an important source of protein that could provide food security for developing countries without the environmental problems associated with terrestrial agriculture. In addition, market demand for tilapia in developed countries such as the United States is growing rapidly.
- 2. Tilapias are well‐suited to aquaculture because they are highly prolific and tolerant to a range of environmental conditions. They have come to be known as the ‘aquatic chicken’ because of their potential as an affordable, high‐yield source of protein that can be easily raised in a range of environments — from subsistence or ‘backyard’ units to intensive fish hatcheries. In some countries, particularly in Asia, nearly all of the introduced tilapias produced are consumed domestically; tilapias have contributed to basic food security for such societies.
- 3. This review indicates that tilapia species are highly invasive and exist under feral conditions in every nation in which they have been cultured or introduced. Thus, the authors have concluded that, despite potential or observed benefits to human society, tilapia aquaculture and open‐water introductions cannot continue unchecked without further exacerbating damage to native fish species and biodiversity. Recommendations include restricting tilapia culture to carefully managed, contained ponds, although exclusion is preferred when it is feasible. Research into culture of indigenous species is also recommended.