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1.
不同收获期玉米青贮结构性碳水化合物对奶牛瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
用3头装有永久性瘘管的中国荷斯坦牛,采用3×3拉丁方设计对蜡熟期、乳熟期和乳熟前期的玉米青贮的NDF和ADF进行了瘤胃降解率及其日粮对瘤胃发酵内环境的影响进行了研究。结果表明,乳熟期玉米青贮NDF在瘤胃中的有效降解率(30．77％)分别高于蜡熟期(28．59％)和乳熟前期(26．71％,P<0．05),蜡熟期和乳熟前期之间差异不显著。蜡熟期(25．73％)和乳熟前期(25．23％)玉米青贮ADF有效降解率均高于乳熟期(23．39％,P<0．05),但蜡熟期和乳前熟期之间没有明显差异。饲喂乳熟前期、乳熟期、蜡熟期玉米青贮组成的日粮的奶牛瘤胃液pH值变动范围分别为6．37～7．27,6．37～6．97,6．33～7．27;NH3-N浓度的平均值分别为33．32 mg／dl, 38．87 mg／dl,34．53 mg／dl;乙酸、丙酸和丁酸浓度分别为49．48,12．58,4．54 mmol／L、49．83,10．28,6．41 mmol／L和44．24,9．32,5．43 mmol／L。表明三组牛瘤胃pH值、NH3-N和VFA浓度没有显著性差异(P>0．05)。 相似文献
2.
本文旨在研究不同收获期玉米青贮对奶牛的营养价值。用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方设计对蜡熟期、乳熟期和乳熟前期的玉米青贮的主要营养成分进行了瘤胃降解率的研究。结果表明:(1)蜡熟期玉米青贮DM有效降解率(60.07%)分别比乳熟期(52.91%)和乳熟前期(45.13%)高7.16%(P<0.05)和14.94%(P<0.05);乳熟期比乳熟前期高7.78%(P<0.05)。(2)乳熟期玉米青贮NDF的有效降解率(30.77%)分别高于蜡熟期(28.59%)和乳熟前期(26.71%,P<0.05),蜡熟期和乳熟前期之间差异不显著。(3)蜡熟期ADF(25.73%)和乳熟前期玉米青贮(25.23%)没有明显差异,但都高于乳熟期(23.39%,P<0.05)。(4)蜡熟期玉米青贮CP有效降解率(81.93%)分别比乳熟期(76.43%)和乳熟前期(73.36%)高5.50%(P<0.05)和8.57%(P<0.05);乳熟期比乳熟前期高3.07%(P<0.05)。通过试验综合评价不同收获期玉米青贮对奶牛的营养价值是蜡熟期玉米青贮优于乳熟期,乳熟期玉米青贮优于乳熟前期。 相似文献
3.
[目的]为探讨日粮中添加不同水平的蛋氨酸铜对奶牛瘤胃内环境及日粮表观消化率的影响。[方法]在日粮中分别添加0 mg/kg、18 mg/kg、27 mg/kg DM的蛋氨酸铜,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,试验动物为3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛,平均体重500 kg,均处于干奶期,试验基础日粮由混合精料、羊草和玉米全株青贮组成,精粗比为30∶70。[结果]表明,日粮添加蛋氨酸铜有提高瘤胃pH值、NH3-N的趋势;但对各时间点的瘤胃液pH值、NH3-N没有显著影响（P〉0.05）;添加27 mg/kg DM的蛋氨酸铜显著提高了日粮各个营养物质的表观消化率。[结论]添加蛋氨酸铜不影响奶牛瘤胃的内环境,添加27 mg/kgDM的蛋氨酸铜可以提高日粮的表观消化率。 相似文献
4.
结果表明：蜡熟期玉米青贮DM的有效降解率（60.07%）分别比乳熟期（52.91%）和乳熟前期（45.13%）高7.16个百分点（P＜0.05）和14.94个百分点（P＜0.01）;乳熟期玉米青贮DM的有效降解率比乳熟前期高7.78个百分点（P＜0.05）.蜡熟期玉米青贮CP的有效降解率（81.93%）分别比乳熟期（76.43%）和乳熟前期（73.36%）高5.50个百分点（P＜0.05）和8.57个百分点（P＜0.05）;乳熟期玉米青贮CP的有效降解率比乳熟前期高3.07个百分点，但差异不显著. 相似文献
5.
《中国畜牧杂志》2018,(11)
本试验采用中心组合试验设计对粗饲料来源、可代谢蛋白质(MP)浓度、碳水化合物种类及其互作效应对奶牛养分消化率和生产性能的影响进行了评价。所有日粮(干物质基础)均有50%由苜蓿青贮、玉米青贮构成的粗饲料、10.7%的瘤胃降解蛋白质(RDP)、4.1%~7.1%的瘤胃未降解蛋白质(RUP)、8.8%~12%的MP和22%~30%的淀粉组成。本试验共有15种日粮,试验牛分为6个区组,每个区组6头荷斯坦奶牛,分别进行3个为期21 d的试验。每期按特定顺序饲喂3种日粮后测定试验牛的产奶量、乳成分、采食量及主要营养物质消化率,还考虑了几个主要影响因素间的互作效应。结果表明:日粮淀粉浓度对奶牛养分消化率和生产性能影响较小;用苜蓿青贮代替玉米青贮可降低奶牛的氮消化率、提高中性洗涤纤维(NDF)消化率,还能增加奶牛对日粮干物质(DM)和日粮消化能(DE)摄入量,从而提高能量校正乳(ECM)、乳脂及乳蛋白产量;增加日粮MP浓度可提高奶牛对氮的消化率、ECM和乳蛋白产量,但乳蛋白含量的变化远小于NRC所推荐模型的预测值;DE浓度随淀粉浓度升高呈线性升高,但同时受粗饲料种类和MP浓度互作的影响,即日粮MP浓度较低时,DE浓度会随苜蓿青贮比例升高而降低,而日粮MP浓度较高时,DE浓度会随苜蓿青贮比例升高而升高。 相似文献
6.
7.
钾肥对不同收获时期青贮玉米碳水化合物积累的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨不同施钾量对不同收获时期青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)中碳水化合物积累的影响,以青贮玉米东青1号(Z.mays L.cv.Dongqing No.1)为材料,设4个施钾用量,其中K2O施用量分别为0,56,112和168kg·hm-2,分别于乳熟初期(8月21日)、乳熟中期(8月28日)、乳熟末期(9月4日)、蜡熟初期(9月10日)、蜡熟中期(9月15日)和蜡熟末期(9月20日)收割取样,测定其碳水化合物含量和鲜草产量。结果表明:青贮玉米中果糖含量在乳熟初期收获最高(P<0.05),蔗糖含量在乳熟末期收获最高(P<0.05),可溶性总糖含量和鲜草产量在蜡熟初期收获最高(P<0.05),淀粉含量在蜡熟末期收获最高(P<0.05);施用钾肥可显著提高青贮玉米中果糖、蔗糖、可溶性总糖和淀粉含量和鲜草产量(P<0.05),其中施钾(K2O)112kg·hm-2效果最佳。综合施钾肥对不同收获时期青贮玉米鲜草产量和碳水化合物积累的影响,施钾(K2O)112 kg·hm-2并于蜡熟初期收获是青贮玉米东青1号栽培利用的适宜组合。 相似文献
8.
[目的]针对黑龙江省肉牛养殖中羊草、玉米秸秆、玉米青贮和玉米秸秆微贮4种常用粗饲料的营养成分特性和饲喂特点,研究其对瘤胃内的PH值和NH3-N、VFA浓度的动态变化规律,进一步为我国北方寒区肉牛养殖中的粗饲料的合理搭配与利用提供一定的理论基础。[方法]选择4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔肉用公牛,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,日粮精粗比为30∶70。[结果]各试验组pH值均在5.5～7.52的正常范围内,各组在同一时间点pH值差异不显著(P0.05);NH3-N浓度从本试验从平均值来看,青贮组、微贮组和羊草组均低于秸秆组,分别低27%、5%和4.12%,表明三组饲料能氮释放更加合理,其中青贮组和羊草组NH3-N平均值最低,表明在肉牛饲养中青贮和羊草是较好的粗饲料来源;本试验中青贮组和羊草组的TVFA含量同样最高,为78.64 mmol/L、79.68mmol/L,分别比秸秆组高6.75mmol/L和7.79mmol/L,表明饲喂青贮和羊草能为反刍动物提供更多能量,尤其是丙酸含量的提高有利于反刍动物体内脂肪的蓄积。[结论]饲喂青贮和羊草有利于肉牛育肥,玉米秸秆微贮可以作为补充粗饲料来源。 相似文献
9.
文章旨在研究不同水平青贮金针菇及尿素对奶牛养分消化率、瘤胃发酵、甲烷排放及原生动物数量的影响。试验选择15头荷斯坦奶牛[(542±68)kg],随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复1头牛。试验一共设计5种日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮,各处理组分别在基础饲粮中添加青贮金针菇,处理1组(90%青贮金针菇,10%玉米秸秆),处理2组(90%青贮金针菇,9%玉米秸秆,1%尿素),处理3组(80%青贮金针菇,20%玉米秸秆),处理4组(80%青贮金针菇,19%玉米秸秆,1%尿素)。试验期分为2周适应期和1周数据收集期。饲粮中添加青贮金针菇较对照组显著提高了酸性洗涤木质素的摄入量(P<0.05);金针菇添加水平和尿素对干物质和其他营养素的摄入量无显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,在处理组日粮中添加青贮金针菇显著增加总短链脂肪酸(SCFA)和丙酸含量(P<0.05),但乙酸含量及乙酸与丙酸比值显著降低(P<0.05)。添加青贮金针菇和尿素对短链脂肪酸含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。日粮添加80%青贮金针菇和1%尿素时,乙酸浓度显著高于未添加尿素组(P<0.05);青贮金针菇日粮添加尿素显著降低了瘤胃丁酸含量(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,在日粮中添加青贮金针菇可显著降低瘤胃原生动物总数(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加青贮金针菇可导致荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃原生动物总数逐步减少(P<0.05)。青贮金针菇日粮组中螺旋体数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。饲喂青贮金针菇的荷斯坦奶牛较对照组显著降低了甲烷排放量(P<0.05)。综上所述,用金针菇废弃底物与尿素、玉米秸秆混合日粮可以提高奶牛日粮的营养价值,日粮添加青贮金针菇显著降低了奶牛瘤胃原生动物种群和肠道甲烷排放量。 相似文献
10.
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
14.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
18.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献