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鳜肉质细嫩，味道鲜美，深受广大消费者的青睐，市场价格稳定，是目前淡水养殖业较为理想的养殖品种之一。鳜终生以活鱼虾为食，性凶猛。受其摄食习性的制约，在活饵料鱼缺乏地区，推广鳜主养模式有一定的困难。而发展成鱼养殖池塘套养鳜的模式却较为可行，是目前池塘增收增效的理想方法。2002年和2003年，我 相似文献
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鳜为典型的肉食性凶猛鱼类,以活鱼虾为饵是鳜的摄食特性,如得不到鲜活的饵料鱼,即相互残食,或使其鱼体消瘦,体质变弱,容易发病,甚至饿死。因此,在一般的养殖条件下,必须同时配套养殖饵料鱼。选择好开食饵料鱼是提高鳜苗种成活率的关键,宦选择体型偏长、游泳能力较弱的鱼苗,如鲂、鳊、鲴、适口野杂鱼等鱼苗。在投喂时要注意,不同生长时期的鳜需投喂一定发育阶段的饵料鱼苗, 相似文献
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为了研究杂交鳜摄食非鲜活饵料鱼的生长情况,分别用冰冻饵料鱼和配合饲料饲喂杂交鳜10周,并以鲜活饵料鱼作对照,比较不同饲料对杂交鳜生长、成活率及体成分的影响。试验结果:鲜活饵料鱼组的杂交鳜生长最快,显著高于配合饲料组(P0.05),但与冰冻饵料鱼组之间无显著差异(P0.05)。杂交鳜的成活率在各处理组之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。配合饲料组杂交鳜的脂肪含量显著低于鲜活饵料鱼组和冰冻饵料鱼组,而蛋白质含量则显著高于鲜活饵料鱼组和冰冻饵料鱼组(P0.05)。冰冻饵料鱼组杂交鳜的蛋白质含量显著低于鲜活饵料鱼组(P0.05),但脂肪含量则高于鲜活饵料鱼组。试验结果表明,可用冰冻饵料鱼替代鲜活饵料鱼来饲喂杂交鳜,从而在一定程度上减少杂交鳜对鲜活饵料鱼的依赖。摄食配合饲料的杂交鳜虽然生长速度较慢,但其体成分中蛋白质含量相对较高,脂肪含量相对较低,鱼肉品质得到提高。 相似文献
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2014年江西、两湖等草鱼主养地鱼价颇低，作为主流养殖模式中的套养鱼，大头鱼价格却一路攀升，但是天然鳙鱼产量很低，套养的鳙鱼数量少、上市规格小，远远不能满足市场需求。因此，开发鳙鱼配合饲料，提高鳙鱼的生长速度及产量成为业内人士关注的问题。本文从鳙鱼的摄食习性、鳙鱼配合饲料的使用现状以及配合饲料对鳙鱼肌肉品质的影响等方面做一综述，以期为鳙鱼的精养及配合饲料的开发提供依据。 相似文献
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鳜不同养殖时期的投饲技巧 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鳜自鱼苗开食时就以活鱼苗为饲料,而且不同生长阶段对活饲料种类的大小有不同的要求,如果供食不及时、数量不能满足或不适口,鳜就会自相残食而被咬死或因饥饿而死亡。因此,必须根据鳜不同养殖时期的需求,有计划地生产供给各种不同规格的活饲料鱼,做到时间配合、数量满足、规格配套、品种适宜,才能保证养殖效益的提高。 相似文献
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We monitored feeding behavior and survival of starved juvenile olive flounder experimentally infected with the gill monogenean
Neoheterobothrium hirame. Infected flounder increased amount of the time spent in the water column by 117% when trying to capture live mysids, Neomysis sp. They also showed different feeding patterns from those of uninfected fish and made fewer attacks towards prey during
one feeding attempt. Although the average numbers of mysids captured by individuals were similar between infected and uninfected
fish, heavily infected fish tended to catch less prey. These results indicate that N. hirame reduces the feeding efficiency of the host for capturing live prey and possibly makes them more vulnerable to predation during
feeding. We could not detect any obvious difference in survival rates between uninfected, lightly and heavily infected fish
during 3 months of starvation. There was no evidence that starvation makes fish more susceptible to N. hirame. The present study provides first experimental evidence that N. hirame affects feeding behavior of juvenile olive flounder and supports the idea that this parasite indirectly reducing the host’s
survival and may be responsible for the recent reduction of the flounder population in Japan. 相似文献
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根据中国鱿钓船于2018年12月在日本海采集的303个舍氏贝乌贼样本,进行基础生物学分析,对其角质颚色素沉积等级进行划分和判定,利用人工神经网络模型分析色素沉积等级与胴长、体质量、性腺成熟度、角质颚形态参数和胃级的关系,并对各生长因子的中位数进行线性拟合。结果显示,胴长对角质颚色素沉积的贡献率最大,为22.90%,其次分别为下头盖长、性腺成熟度、体质量、下喙长和下翼长,贡献率分别为16.50%、14.40%、11.90%、11.70%和11.60%,下侧壁长和胃级对角质颚色素沉积的贡献率较小,分别为6.30%和4.70%。舍氏贝乌贼角质颚的色素沉积与胴长、体质量、性腺成熟度和胃级这4项生长因子的关系均不存在性别间显著性差异。角质颚色素沉积等级与胴长、体质量和角质颚外部形态参数均呈正相关,并随着性腺成熟度的增加而增加,但与胃级的线性关系不明显。研究表明,日本海舍氏贝乌贼角质颚色素沉积等级与胴长、性腺成熟度、体质量和角质颚形态参数均呈正相关关系,可以利用胴长、性腺成熟度、体质量和角质颚形态参数预估色素沉积等级。 相似文献
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海州湾秋季小眼绿鳍鱼的摄食策略及食物选择性 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于2011年及2013—2015年秋季在海州湾海域进行底拖网调查数据,通过分析733尾小眼绿鳍鱼(Chelidonichthys spinosus)的胃含物样品,对其食物组成、摄食强度、摄食策略以及食物选择性等摄食生态特征进行初步研究。结果表明,小眼绿鳍鱼摄食饵料生物共有80余种,其中优势饵料种类为细螯虾(Leptochela gracilis)、戴氏赤虾(Metapenaeopsis dalei)、疣背宽额虾(Latreutes planirostris)、双斑蟳(Charybdis bimaculata)、细条天竺鲷(Apogon lineatus)等。聚类分析结果显示,小眼绿鳍鱼的食物组成无明显体长变化。不同体长组小眼绿鳍鱼的空胃率差异不显著(P0.05),平均胃饱满指数差异显著(P0.05)。广义加性模型(GAM)分析表明,底层盐度、底层水温和纬度对小眼绿鳍鱼的摄食强度有显著影响(P0.05),而体长、经度和水深的影响则不显著(P0.05)。摄食策略分析表明,小眼绿鳍鱼是以虾类和鱼类为主要饵料类群的广食性鱼类。通过计算食物选择性指数发现,小眼绿鳍鱼喜食饵料与实际摄食的主要饵料种类存在一定差异,表明其摄食既具有较强的主动选择性,同时又受到海州湾饵料丰度和可获得性等因素的影响。 相似文献
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为确定患病虹鳟的病原,本实验从患病鱼溃烂肌肉中分离到2株细菌,分别命名为CH06和CH07,经回归感染证实分离菌株为导致此次虹鳟患病的病原菌,并进一步对其形态特征、理化特性、分子特征、血清型及耐药性进行分析。结果显示,CH06和CH07株在TYES琼脂平板上呈煎蛋状外观,产黄色素,氧化酶和过氧化氢酶呈阳性,能水解明胶和酪蛋白,不能水解淀粉,不能利用果糖、半乳糖和七叶苷等。16S rRNA比对结果显示,CH06和CH07株与嗜冷黄杆菌模式株NBRC 15942的同源性分别为99.35%和99.42%。综合菌株理化和分子特性确定CH06和CH07株为嗜冷黄杆菌。利用多重PCR方法鉴定CH06和CH07株的血清型均为1型(Fd型);多位点序列分型(MLST)分析表明,CH06和CH07株的基因型分别为ST-12和ST-78型,且均属于CC-ST10克隆型。人工感染结果显示,CH06和CH07株对虹鳟幼鱼具有较高致病性,其半致死浓度(LD50)分别为7.1×105和1.1×105 CFU/mL,攻毒剂量与临床病症出现时间呈反比,从人工感染实验鱼的肌肉、脾脏等组织中可重新分离到嗜冷黄杆菌。组织病理变化显示,病鱼肝细胞肿胀,空泡变性,部分肝细胞溶解坏死,细胞核溶解消失;脾脏充血、出血,淋巴细胞减少,红细胞和含铁血黄素增多;肌纤维间隙增宽、断裂、弯曲不齐,部分肌细胞肌浆溶解呈蜂窝状。CH06和CH07株对10种抗菌药物的耐药谱略有不同,均对氨苄西林和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲噁唑敏感;CH06株对恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考等耐药,而CH07株对恩诺沙星和氟苯尼考中度敏感。本研究首次报道了我国虹鳟源嗜冷黄杆菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性,以期为虹鳟细菌性冷水病的防控提供科学依据。 相似文献
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大黄蒽醌提取物对罗氏沼虾抗鳗弧菌感染的研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
将罗氏沼虾随机分成5组,每组三个平行,每个平行约1000尾(个体均重1g左右),第1组为对照组,投喂基础日粮,另外4组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%大黄蒽醌提取物,饲养6周后对罗氏沼虾进行鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)感染.测定生长以及0、12、24、48h血清和肝胰腺溶菌酶、丙二醛(MDA)、总抗氧化能(T-AOC)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等指标.生长试验表明,与对照组相比,0.1%组、0.4%组罗氏沼虾的增重率、特定生长率显著提高,饵料系数显著降低.攻毒试验Ⅰ表明,各组48h内罗氏沼虾血清溶菌酶活性、肝胰腺溶菌酶含量、血清T-AOC均呈先升高后降低趋势,其中它们的最大值分别出现于0.4%组的12h、0.2%组24h、0.1%组12h;肝胰腺SOD活力呈上升趋势,而血清MDA则一直下降.攻毒试验Ⅱ表明,大黄蒽醌提取物能有效地降低试验组罗氏沼虾的死亡率,提高免疫保护率,其中0.4%组的保护效果为最佳.因此,在饲料中添加大黄蒽醌提取物降低罗氏沼虾对病原的敏感性,增强机体抗病力,促进生长. 相似文献
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Bacillus circulans PB7, isolated from the intestine of Catla catla, was evaluated for use as a probiotic supplement in the feeds for the fingerlings of Catla catla. The effect of supplement on the growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, and immune response was evaluated. Catla
fingerlings (ave. wt. 6.48 ± 0.43 g) were fed diets supplemented with 2 × 104 (feed C1), 2 × 105 (feed C2), and 2 × 106 (feed C3) B. circulans PB 7 cells per 100 g feed for 60 days at 5% of the body weight per day in two equal instalments in triplicate treatments.
The control feed (CC) was not supplemented with the B. circulans. All the feeds were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Fish fed with feed C2 displayed better growth, significantly (P ≤ 0.05) highest RNA/DNA ratio, a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR), and a higher protein efficiency ratio (PER) than the
other experimental diets. Highest carcass protein and lipid was also observed in the fish fed C2 feed compared to the others.
Significantly (P ≤ 0.05), highest protease was recorded in fish fed feed C2 (47.9 ± 0.016) and lowest in fish fed feed C3 (32.10 ± 0.009),
where α-amylase activity did not differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05) beyond the lowest inclusion level. ALP, ACP, GOT, and GPT in the liver of Catla catla were the highest (P ≤ 0.05) in fish fed C2 feed. The highest TSP, albumin, and globulin was observed in fish treated with C2 feed after 60 days
feeding trial, but the lowest glucose level was observed in the same treatment. After the feeding trial, the non-specific
immunity levels and disease resistance of fish were also studied. Phagocytic ratio, phagocytic index, and leucocrit value
were the highest in fish fed feed C2. After the feeding trial, the fish were challenged for 10 days by bath exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila (AH1) (105c.f.u. ml−1 for 1 h, and, after 7 days, 107c.f.u. ml−1 for 1 h). Highest survival percentage was observed in fish fed with feed C2 compared with only 6.66% in the controls, which
indicated the effectiveness of B. circulans PB 7 in reducing disease caused by A. hydrophila. 相似文献
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Stefanie Anne van Bergeijk José Antonio Paullada Salmerón Ana Isabel López Pérez José Moreno José Pedro Cañavate Mercedes García‐González 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1724-1730
Rotifers, used in aquaculture as feed for early larval stages, are poor in carotenoids compared with copepods, the natural most common prey item of marine fish larvae. A minimal sufficient level of carotenoids in fish larvae may be essential for a correct development. The freshwater microalga Muriellopsis sp. has been identified as a potential source of the carotenoid lutein with possible application in aquaculture. Lutein is a potent antioxidant, with potentially beneficial effects as a carotenoid for fish larvae. This study describes the lutein enrichment of the rotifer Brachionus sp. when incubated with homogeneously dispersed suspensions of freeze‐dried, lutein‐rich Muriellopsis sp. in seawater. A short enrichment time (2 or 2.5 h) resulted in a higher lutein content of the rotifers than a long enrichment time (13.5 or 24 h). Although the concentration of lutein in enriched rotifers, 0.06–0.16 mg (g dry weight)?1 was low compared with its content in Muriellopsis sp. [about 3 mg (g dry weight)?1], it was in the range reported for natural copepod populations. Therefore, we conclude that freeze‐dried biomass of Muriellopsis sp. can be used to enrich rotifers with lutein, providing an adequate level of this carotenoid for marine fish larvae. 相似文献
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珠江三角洲地区大口黑鲈池塘养殖系统的能值评估 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为评价珠江三角洲地区大口黑鲈池塘养殖系统的生态经济性能,实验以能值理论为基础,定量分析该系统的能流和物流特点,通过建立能值评价指标体系,综合评估该系统的环境影响及可持续性。结果显示,大口黑鲈养殖系统投入的资源分为可更新资源(太阳能、风能、雨水能、地球循环能和河水能)和购买的外部资源(设施、苗种、电能、饵料、药品、劳动力、租金、维护费)两部分。养殖系统投入的总能值为4.51×10~(17)sej/(hm~2·a),其中可更新资源能值总和为1.24×10~(16) sej/(hm~2·a),占总投入能值的2.75%。河水能在可更新资源中所占比例最大,为9.77×10~(15) sej/(hm~2·a),占总投入能值的2.17%。购买的外部资源能值总和为4.38×10~(17) sej/(hm~2·a),占总投入能值的97.25%。饵料投入在购买的外部资源中所占比例最大,其能值为3.49×10~(17) sej/(hm~2·a),占总投入能值的77.33%,其次是劳动力,能值为2.29×10~(16) sej/(hm~2·a),占总投入能值的5.08%。大口黑鲈池塘养殖系统太阳能值转换率TR为2.18×106 sej/J,产出能值交换率EERY为2.028,能值产出率EYR为1.028,环境负载率ELR为35.39,能值持续性指数ESI为0.029,可持续性发展的能值指数EISD为0.059。大口黑鲈池塘养殖系统经济效益较高,但过多依赖购买的外部资源,对环境压力较大,可持续性较差。减少饵料投喂量、提高饵料利用率(如选择优质配合饲料及添加剂、改进投喂策略等)以及开展综合养殖是提高珠江三角洲地区大口黑鲈养殖系统持续性、减小环境负载率的有效途径。 相似文献
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Sylvain Gilles Grard Lacroix Daniel Corbin Ngansoumana B Carla Ibaez Luna Jacob Nandjui Allassane Ouattara Oussni Oudraogo Xavier Lazzaro 《Aquacultural Engineering》2008,39(2-3):113-121
The West-African euryhaline tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron heudelotii shift from visually feeding on zooplankton when juveniles to mostly filter feeding on phytoplankton when adults. When reared using an appropriate ration in intensive aquaculture systems, S. m. heudelotii also consume algal-based detritus, and contribute to sediment mineralization, clean up their environment, and ultimately stimulate and sustain algal growth. We analysed such practical advantages for phytoplankton-based recirculating systems, using S. m. heudelotii and Chlorella sp. as biological material originating from the prototype of such a system operated in Senegal. We performed a 24-h factorial design experiment in 36 tubs, cross-classifying three levels of S. m. heudelotii (fishless control, unfed fish, and fed fish) with four levels of Chlorella initial density.Chlorella overall mean density increased significantly from fishless, to unfed fish, and fed fish treatments, and with Chlorella initial density. S. m. heudelotii did not alter nitrogen nor phosphorus concentrations, only affected by algal initial densities. Most ammonia excreted by fish was probably uptaken by Chlorella. Bacteria-mediated diurnal nitrification was possibly an alternative ammonium loss mechanism at highest oxygen concentrations. Algae were not limited by nitrogen or phosphorus but most likely by low dissolved organic carbon availability. Chlorella differential responses with fed vs. unfed Sarotherodon suggest that CO2 supplied by heterotrophic S. m. heudelotii respiration played a key role. Observed Chlorella growth rates were similar to the highest rates obtained in algal mass cultures, enriched with CO2, nitrate and phosphate, under artificial lighting.Our results suggest the existence of a Sarotherodon-Chlorella mutualism in our systems, where S. m. heudelotii provide CO2, the major limiting factor of Chlorella growth, whereas Chlorella oxygenate and detoxify the water media from ammonia, promoting S. m. heudelotii production. This mutualism could be used to optimize photosynthetic suspended-growth aquaculture systems, particularly in the Tropics where light is abundant and temperature is continuously high. 相似文献