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1.
通过紫外诱变和硫酸二乙酯诱变,筛选出抗生素抗性(头孢氨苄和氨苄西林)的保加利亚乳杆菌,同时模拟人体胃酸环境(pH1.5～4.5)和十二指肠高胆酸盐环境(0.1g/100mL～0.4g/100mL)对诱变后的保加利亚乳杆菌的抗性进行了研究。结果表明,保加利亚乳杆菌突变株可抗头孢氨苄和氨苄西林(均为2mg/mL),并且在pH2.5～4.5时具有较强的生存能力,培养4h活菌数仍达108cfu/mL以上,在pH1.5条件下仍有部分存活。在0.1g/100mL～0.3g/100mL胆酸盐条件下培养4h,活菌数仍达106cfu/mL以上,且能在0.4g/100mL胆汁盐中存活。 相似文献
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为了从实验室现有的3株乳酸菌中筛选出对维氏气单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌抑菌效果较好的乳酸菌,并对其部分生物学特性进行研究,试验采用打孔方法从3株菌中筛选出抑菌效果较好的菌株,并对该菌株在不同胆盐浓度、不同pH值、高温环境下的生长情况以及对胰蛋白酶的耐受能力和生长能力进行测定。结果表明:3株乳酸菌中,仅植物乳杆菌C20015对致病菌均有抑制作用,其余两株菌对其无抑制作用;C20015在抗逆性试验中,随胆盐浓度的增加,其活菌数下降,但活菌数均达到1.0×10~5cfu/m L以上;在pH值为2时,C20015的活菌数明显下降,当pH值大于3时,活菌数均达到1.0×10~6cfu/m L以上;在耐高温试验中,50℃时C20015活菌数下降不明显,但60℃以上几乎无菌生长;胰蛋白酶对活菌数无影响;植物乳杆菌C20015在0~10 h内快速增长,从10小时开始进入生长稳定期,直到20小时细菌数达到最大值3.6×10~9cfu/mL。说明植物乳杆菌C20015对水产类致病菌有一定的抑制作用,且对低pH值、高浓度胆盐、胃蛋白酶具有一定的耐受能力,有望应用于水产养殖饲料。 相似文献
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本实验对戊糖片球菌进行耐酸、耐胆盐能力表征及模拟胃液和模拟肠液实验.结果表明,在pH 2.5、3.5条件下培养4h后,戊糖片球菌PP的活菌数分别能达到108 cfu/mL和1010 cfu/mL以上.在胆盐质量分数为0.1％、0.2％和0.3％的MRS培养基中培养4h后,戊糖片球菌PP生长良好,活菌数均在106cfu/mL以上,其中胆盐质量分数为0.1％时,戊糖片球菌PP存活率能达到133.3％.模拟胃液和模拟肠液实验结果表明,该菌株能够有效通过胃环境,能在肠道中繁殖.结果可见,戊糖片球菌PP具有较强的耐酸耐胆盐能力,符合微生态制剂和乳酸菌发酵功能食品菌种的要求. 相似文献
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本试验采用单因素试验设计,在57℃,底物2g条件下,得出胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶最佳反应条件,其中胃蛋白酶的最佳反应条件为浓度0．2％,添加量50mL,pH1．8,反应时间1h;胰蛋白酶的最佳反应条件为浓度0．1％,添加量35mL,pH7-8,反应时间6h。再通过组合胃蛋白酶反应与胰蛋白酶反应,模拟动物体内消化环境,实施蛋白消化实验探索。 相似文献
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以分离自西藏那曲县罗玛镇传统发酵酸牦牛奶中的乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种（Lactococcus lactis subsp．Cremoris）IMAU60064为试验菌株,研究其最佳的培养条件。对碳源、氮源、缓冲盐等培养基成分及培养条件进行优化,并采用响应面法对优选的碳源、氮源和缓冲盐类的组成含量进行优化,得到IMAU60064的增殖培养基为：葡萄糖23g／L、大豆蛋白胨11g／L、牛肉膏11g／L、胰蛋白胨5g／L、NaAC1．8g／L、K2HP041．2g／L、柠檬酸钠1．2g／L、MgSO4·7H200．4g／L、MnSO4·5H2O54mg／L、L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐0．5g/L、吐温80为1g／L。Lactococcus lactis subsp．cremorisIMAU60064在此增殖培养基中经30℃,14h培养活菌数可达到3．26×10^8cFu／mL,比在MRS中（6．54×10^7CFU／mL）提高近5倍。 相似文献
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试验以柿子为基料,对l株枯草芽胞杆菌的发酵培养基进行了优化。结果表明,成熟柿子匀浆100g/L、大豆粉20g/L,接种量5％,37℃培养24h,活茵数可达4．7×1010cfu／mL。 相似文献
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植酸酶和嗜酸乳杆菌是重要的饲料添加剂,为获得产植酸酶的嗜酸乳杆菌菌株,克隆了大肠杆菌植酸酶基因,构建表达载体并转化嗜酸乳杆菌,对重组嗜酸乳杆菌进行发酵产酶并测定所产酶液的酶学性质,进一步研究重组嗜酸乳杆菌的耐酸性及植酸酶液的抗蛋白酶活性。结果表明：重组嗜酸乳杆菌发酵24 h植酸酶活性为984 U/mL,植酸酶的最适催化pH为4.5,最适催化温度为60℃。重组嗜酸乳杆菌在pH 2.0～4.5有一定的耐酸性,在pH 2.0条件下2 h的存活率为76.4%。植酸酶液用胃蛋白酶处理160 min后植酸酶液剩余85%的相对酶活,用胰蛋白酶处理160 min后剩余29%的相对酶活。上述研究结果为重组嗜酸乳杆菌后续应用研究提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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虽然早在1963年的《自然杂志》上就报道过在仔猪饲料中添加乳酸可以减少猪粪便中大肠杆菌的数量并提高动物的增重速度，但国内酸制剂真正大规模地运用于畜禽饲料中却是近些年的事。pH值是动物消化道内环境的重要指标，动物真胃中pH为1．5～2．5、小肠内为5．9～7．0的酸性环境是饲料养分被充分消化吸收、有益菌合理生长、病原微生物受到有效抑制的必要条件。但是仔猪消化系统尚未发育完全，消化酶和胃酸分泌不足，加上饲料由于其内在成分的作用都有缓冲胃肠道pH值的能力，从而降低仔猪胃中的酸度，因此不能有效激活胃蛋白酶，也就不能有效激活胰蛋白酶，导致胃肠消化功能的障碍，最终表现为采食量、腹泻和生长受阻等一系列症状的综合征。这时就必须有外源酸制剂的帮助。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献