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1.
为研究补播禾草对玛曲高寒沙化草地各经济类群地上生物量的影响,于2006年和2007年在甘肃玛曲高寒沙化草地进行了禾草补播试验。结果表明:补播禾草可增加高寒沙化草地草群高度和植被盖度。补播当年,莎草类地上生物量降低,禾草类地上生物量增加。补播第二年,各经济类群地上生物量都增加,禾草类的地上生物量增加最多,占到总生物量的50%左右。其中,中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)、草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)和垂穗披碱草(Elymus natans)混播的处理,禾草类和豆科类比对照分别高出34.56%和96.37%,是玛曲高寒沙化草地较好补播处理。补播作为改良天然草场的有效措施,对增加草群高度、覆盖度和提高草地地上生物量具有积极作用。  相似文献   

2.
补播对高寒草甸生产力和植物多样性的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
为了解补播对高寒草甸退化草地恢复过程中群落生产力、功能群结构和物种多样性方面的影响,于2010年5月以位于青藏高原东段的玛曲高寒草甸为研究对象,进行了补播试验。结果表明,补播显著提高地上生物量,同时物种数和丰富度指数Margalef也有显著增加,其中补播处理地上生物量是不补播处理的1.31～1.44倍。补播后莎草类和禾草类地上生物量都呈增长趋势,补播后禾草类地上生物量显著提高,其中最高是不补播的2.7倍,杂类草在群落中所占比例显著降低。适量补播既可以使草地的经济价值得以提高,同时也有利于高寒退化草地的恢复和生态系统的稳定。  相似文献   

3.
补播对天祝高寒退化草地植被和土壤理化性质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
姬万忠  王庆华 《草业科学》2016,33(5):886-890
为了探究补播对高寒退化草地植被组成以及土壤理化性质的影响,于2007―2009年在甘肃省天祝县开展了退化草地补播垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)+无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)+中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)改良治理退化草地的研究。结果表明,补播有效增加了禾草类和莎草类植被,提高了退化草地地上和地下生物量。补播后第3年,土壤表层物理性状、养分以及微生物生物量与不补播相比,具有明显优势。土壤表层0-40cm,土壤容重降低、孔隙度变大、含水量提高,土壤养分和微生物生物量C、N含量升高,退化草地得到了有效治理。  相似文献   

4.
补播禾草对玛曲高寒沙化草地植物多样性和生产力的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
为了解补播对高寒沙化草地植物多样性和生产力的影响,于2006和2007年在甘肃玛曲开展了多种牧草的草地补播改良试验。结果表明,补播对物种丰富度影响不明显,但使草群密度明显增大,补播后各处理Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Weiner指数均减小,其中单播中华羊茅、混播中华羊茅和垂穗披碱草多样性指数显著减小。补播后地上生物量比对照显著增加,其中3种禾草混播后地上生物量增加了55.74％。补播使草地的经济价值得以提高,有利于高寒沙化草地的恢复和生态环境的保护。  相似文献   

5.
为研究补播对高寒草地群落特征和植被多样性的影响,本研究以黑土滩中度退化草地为对象,利用免耕补播机通过近自然补播措施进行了恢复,测定了恢复后草地的群落组成及多样性特征。结果表明：经人工补播后,退化草地的植被盖度,地上、地下生物量,禾本科牧草比例和根冠比都显著上升（P<0.05）,补播措施起到了很好的修复效果。从物种组成上看,退化草地经过补播之后,其植被群落组成和物种重要值都发生了变化。其中,禾本科牧草和莎草科牧草占据了重要地位。此外,物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Weiner指数、均匀度指数经人工补播后都有所上升,但差异不显著。综上所述,人工补播是高寒地区黑土滩中度退化草地修复一种快速有效的措施,能够有效的提高可食牧草的比例,同时也有利于高寒地区草地植被恢复。  相似文献   

6.
改则高寒荒漠草地改良效果   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
对西藏阿里地区改则县高寒荒漠退化草地,采用了围栏、围栏＋灌溉及围栏＋灌溉＋补播3种改良措施,以围栏外天然草地为对照,通过研究几个改良措施对草地植物高度、盖度、密度、地上生物量、重要值及物种多样性的影响,寻求适宜于该类退化草地恢复的最佳措施。结果表明,3种改良措施与对照相比均能明显改善退化草地群落中所有植物的生长状况;围栏＋灌溉、围栏＋灌溉＋补播措施可以提高高寒荒漠退化草地的物种多样性;与其他改良措施相比,围栏＋灌溉＋补播措施可以显著提高高寒荒漠退化草地物种均匀度;综合考虑,围栏＋灌溉措施更适宜于改则县高寒荒漠退化草地的改良恢复。  相似文献   

7.
江河源头不同程度退化小嵩草高寒草甸草场的封育效果   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  
通过对位于江河源头达日县的不同退化程度小嵩草Kobrecia parva高寒草甸3年的封育研究,结果表明:围栏封育对不同退化程度小嵩草高寒苹甸草场的总盖度及不同经济类群植物的益度、总地上生物量、不同经济类群植物的地上生物量及其组成、退化群落对未退化群落(原生植被)的相似性系数均有显著的影响。经过3年的封育后,草地植被总盖度、总地上生物量、禾本科和莎草科植物的盖度和地上生物量、群落的相似性系数均有不同程度的增加。轻度退化草地封育2-3午后,草地的优良牧草及可食杂类草不论是盖度还是地上生物量均高且占绝对优势,草地即可得到恢复;中度退化草地要靠封育恢复需要的时间可能会更长一些;重度和极度(黑土滩)退化草地,必须通过建植人工草地、结合补播、施肥、毒杂草防除等其它措施改良,以治本的工程措施为主。  相似文献   

8.
本研究通过2018年和2019年2年不同物种数量（1,3,6,9,12,15）组合混播试验,分析禾本科、豆科、杂类草和先锋种植物对高寒人工草地植物群落性状的影响,研究不同功能群及先锋种植物在高寒人工草地建植初期的作用,以期为高寒人工草地建设中不同功能群及先锋种植物的选择提供一定的依据。结果表明：禾本科植物能大幅增加人工草地植物群落地上生物量、盖度、高度和减少非播种物种数（P<0.05）,杂类草则会大幅降低人工草地植物群落地上生物量、盖度和高度（P<0.05）,但能增加非播种物种数（P<0.05）;豆科与先锋种植物对群落地上生物量、盖度、高度和非播种物种数影响较小或无影响。因此在建设以生产目的为主的高寒人工草地时,应优先选择禾本科植物;主要考虑草地多功能性时,可选择禾本科植物和杂类草植物组合。  相似文献   

9.
青藏高原东北边缘地区高寒草甸群落特征对封育的响应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
封育是退牧还草恢复退化草地的主要措施,而封育的时效限制着该措施的实施年限。本研究连续6年监测了青藏高原东北边缘天祝县高寒草甸群落特征对封育的响应。结果表明,高寒草甸群落盖度、高度、物种多样性及生物量均随着封育年限增加表现为先显著降低,后显著升高,再显著降低(P<0.05),第4年时群落高度和盖度最高,物种多样性和生物量最大,说明高寒草甸适宜封育时间是4年。  相似文献   

10.
为祁连山康乐草原生产力恢复与提高提出有效措施、生物多样性保护和资源可持续利用提供理论依据,采用样方法对祁连山高寒草地不同退化程度植物群落结构和土壤特性进行调查、测定和分析,并运用5个多样性指标(Margalef丰富度指数、Dominance优势度指数、Simpson多样性指数、Evenness均匀度指数和Shannon多样性指数)研究了其物种多样性变化。结果表明:1)轻度退化草地(LDG)-中度退化草地(MDG)-重度退化草地(SDG),不同退化草地植物群落特征(密度、高度、频度、总盖度和地上生物量)整体呈现降低趋势且差异显著(P0.05),表现为LDGMDGSDG;2)研究区植物共15科35属39种,其中豆科、蔷薇科、禾本科、菊科和莎草科中的植物均具备较强生态适应性,各退化程度草地植被型分别为草地早熟禾+珠芽蓼、赖草+矮生嵩草、矮生嵩草+赖草,其中禾草是群落的优势种;3)高寒草地功能群植物呈现杂类草最多,禾草类次之,毒草类占有比例最少,其中在不同退化草地杂类草、毒草类重要值分别为75.14%(SDG)48.67%(LDG)30.05%(MDG)、20.81%(LDG)18.01%(SDG)17.11%(MDG);4)不同退化草地群落物种优势度指数在重度退化草地最高为0.23,而轻度退化草地物种Margalef丰富度指数最高为2.64、Shannon多样性指数最高为2.09;5)随退化程度加重,土壤全磷、全氮、有机质和含水量呈现下降的趋势,pH呈升高的趋势,且不同退化草地土壤环境因子含量对植被生长贡献率不同。综上所述,随着康乐草地退化程度增加群落结构向单一趋势演替且环境限制因子也发生相应变化。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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