首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
最近,ＯＩＥ就畜禽体内、外寄生虫对常用抗寄生虫药的抗药性和解决这一问题的具体方案进行了一次全球性调查。据７７个成员国的回答统计,对生产破坏最严重的体内、外寄生虫也是抗药性分布最广、遍及全球的寄生虫。５５%的国家至少有一组被调查的寄生虫有抗药性,８６%的国家对抗蠕虫药有抗药性;６０%的国家对杀蜱药、３１%的国家对杀虫药（对兽医学重要的双翅目昆虫）、１９%对抗兽疥螨的杀螨药、１０%对抗虱的杀虱药有抗药性。２４%的国家有３组以上（３～５）具抗药性的寄生虫,２２%有３组经济上最重要的寄生虫有抗药性。这些成员国讨论了…  相似文献   

2.
寄生线虫抗药性检测技术研究进展   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  
近数十年来药厂生产了一系列高效、广谱、低毒的驱虫药，为家畜寄生虫病的防治发挥了重大的作用，目前应用驱虫药进行定期驱虫仍是寄生虫病的主要防治手段。但反复长期使用某一种驱虫药就会出现寄生虫的抗药性问题。为了研究和防止抗药性的出现，一些学者建立了抗药性检测技术，其中线虫的抗药性检测技术获得了较大的发展。本文就其检测技术及评价作一概述。一、线虫抗药性的分布及建立检测抗药性技术的意义许多国家和地区都报道有抗药性的线虫，包括澳大利亚、新西兰、美国、英国、荷兰、德国、比利时、丹麦等澳、欧洲国家，非洲南部和东北…  相似文献   

3.
球虫病是由艾美耳属原生动物寄生虫引起的一种疾病。一直以来，球虫病始终威胁着家禽业。临床和亚临床球虫病已经造成了巨大的经济损失，需要我们持续关注。由于病原球虫很容易对特定球虫药产生抗药性，因此必须采取有效的轮换方案。  相似文献   

4.
为了解家畜寄生线虫对使用较久的驱虫药丙硫咪唑的抗药性情况，用虫卵孵化对江苏某羊场进行抗药性检测，测得内硫咪唑虫卵孵化半数抑制量ＩＤ５０＝０．０６０２μｇ／ｍＬ，约是敏感株（０．０１９４μｇ／ｍＬ）的３倍，但较世界兽医寄生虫促进协会提出的线虫抗药性临界值０．１μｇ／ｍＬ）小。虫卵减少试验也证实了该羊场不存在抗药性。因此该场羊寄生线虫尚无抗药性。  相似文献   

5.
锚头鳋与中华鳋是危害淡水养殖鱼类的主要害虫，发生趋势逐年加重。渔民每年防治鱼虫的用药次数显增多，而防治效果下降，其中一个很重要的原因是病原生物对所施药物产生了抗药性。敌百虫、氨基甲酸酯、菊酯类鱼药等较为常用，易产生抗药性。那么，采取什么措施可防止鱼类寄生虫产生抗药性呢?  相似文献   

6.
用阿维菌素驱除山羊体内外寄生虫试验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
用阿维菌素驱除山羊体内外寄生虫试验全福成（大通县青山乡兽医站８１０１０２）多年来，我乡用丙硫咪唑、溴氢菊酯、螨净驱除羊体内外寄生虫都取得了良好效果，但长期反复使用同一类药物，易使寄生虫产生抗药性。为此，笔者于１９９５年１～３月和１９９６年１～３月在本...  相似文献   

7.
抗菌抗虫化疗药物的抗药性及合理应用研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
当今世界用于防治动物疾病的抗菌抗寄生虫化疗药物约有数百种.尽管许多化疗药物都是按照合理要求和规定用于防治动物疾病.但在生产实践中却经常出现抗药性,从而导致药效减弱或无效.对于这一问题,近年来已引起国内外有关学者极大关注,均在想方设法探讨有效的解决途径.本文仅就抗菌抗寄生虫药物出现抗药性的情况及在克服抗药性方面采取合理组合应用,予以阐述,供参考.……  相似文献   

8.
驱虫药的控释系统及其应用   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  
控制释放制剂主要应用于防治寄生虫病，完成释放的方式一般为扩散和溶解，控释体系于七十年代后期形成，可分连续性和周期性释药物控释系统，控释剂的药物释放程序对寄生虫发育各时期具有特效能力，可减少用药次数，其潜在缺点主要是药物残留和寄生虫易产生虫易产生抗药性。  相似文献   

9.
寄生虫对伊维菌素的抗药性及其应对措施   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
近20多年来,伊维菌素制剂作为广谱高效抗寄生虫药,已广泛地在许多国家用于防治动物的体内外寄生虫疾病。但是,由于伊维菌素制剂在畜牧业中的长期使用,诸多寄生虫特别是蠕虫对其产生抗药性(耐药性),致使继续单独使用伊维菌素制剂的效果锐减。因此,引起许多国家有关专家学者的关注并探寻克服抗药性的办法。本文仅就近年有关专家学者关于寄生虫对伊维菌素制剂产生抗药性的进展和克服办法的研究近况予以报道,以供参考。1伊维菌素制剂的应用国外已有不少以伊维菌素作有效成分的抗寄生虫制剂,美国有伊沃梅克,德国有拜梅克,法国有采互梅克,俄罗斯有…  相似文献   

10.
世界兽医寄生虫学促进协会（ＷＡＡＶＰ）对驱蠕虫药抗药性的检测方法Ｇ．Ｃ．Ｃｏｌｅｓ等ＷＡＡＶＰ已制订了评价反刍动物、猪和马等驱虫药的准则，目的在于使新药评价标准化和简易代。驱虫药的使用使某些线虫对广泛使用的一种或多种主要驱蠕虫药产生了抗药性。这些药物...  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号