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对法系纯繁夏洛来母牛生殖性能的统计表明:初情期平均12.94月±1.89月龄,性成熟期平均14.62月±2.6月龄,始配年龄21.65月±1.23月龄,绝情期15岁左右;发情周期平均20.51天±8.49天,卵泡出现至排卵结束约39.26小时±8.28小时;妊娠期平均283.91天±8.05天;犊牛初生重43.49kg±6.85kg;产后发情平均71.18天±49.25天;产犊间隔平均452.26天±124.59天。母牛淘汰年龄平均94.77月±40.84月龄,利用年限平均69.94月±40.66月龄,终生产犊4.78头±2.95头。 相似文献
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云南黄牛的生长发育与繁殖性能调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
云南黄牛的公牛初生、6月龄、1岁、1.5岁、2岁和5岁体重分别为17.40 kg±3.32 kg、107.88 kg±24.65kg、158.57 kg±25.08 kg、223.82 kg±27.99 kg、264.72 kg±27.57 kg和407.50 kg±29.58 kg,母牛相应的体重分别为16.41 kg±2.31 kg、100.10 kg±21.10 kg、146.74 kg±21.90 kg、209.18 kg±19.32 kg、249.32 kg±26.51 kg和356.40 kg±20.14 kg.青年母牛初配年龄为613.67 d±115.53 d,初配体重222.36 kg±38.39 kg,产第一胎年龄925.13 d±116.10d,妊娠期286.50 d±8.51 d;繁殖母牛妊娠期为288.23 d±5.54 d,产犊间隔368.46 d±29.48 d. 相似文献
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农村户养条件下四川乳肉兼用牛的繁殖性能研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
调查结果表明,四川乳肉兼用母牛的初配年龄在16～24月龄之间,4.5周岁达到成年体尺体重.发情和产犊以9～12自然月为最高,其次为1～4月.牛群结构为成年母牛占42.98%,1.5～4.0岁青年母牛占55.67%,1周岁及以下小母牛1.43%.在所调查1 076头繁殖母牛的2 157个胎次中,共产犊牛2 162头,其中产公犊占50.97%,平均初生重为31.56kg;产母犊占49.03%,平均初生重为29.61 kg;公母比为1.04:1;不同犊牛性别间,公、母牛怀孕期没有明显的差异.产犊间隔平均为381.48天;难产率为0.28%,双胎率为0.28%,犊牛成活率为99.25%.群体第一情期受胎率为33.75%. 相似文献
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育成母牛的初情期一般为6～10月龄,平均8月龄;性成熟期一般为8～12月龄,平均10月龄,体成熟期一般为16～20月龄,平均18月龄,表明母牛能够配种。成年母牛生产后第1次发情时间平均52天,冬春季比夏秋季产犊的母牛产后第1次发情晚8天,分别为56天和48天。奶牛发情周期平均为21天,18～25天占80％以上。母牛发情主要表现为接受其他母牛爬跨时站立不动,即所谓的站立发情表现, 相似文献
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为研究科尔沁牛母牛体尺指标及体重间的相关关系,探讨科尔沁牛母牛早期生长发育规律,利用初生母犊、6月龄母犊和12月龄母牛体尺与体重测定数据绘制了生长发育曲线,并应用SPSS 16.0软件分析各项体尺指标与体重的相关性。结果表明：放牧为主补饲为辅饲养条件下初生母犊、6月龄母犊和12月龄母牛体重分别为37.2、157.3、192.1 kg;初生犊的胸围与体长、管围存在显著相关性;6月龄犊牛的胸围与体高存在极显著相关性,与体重存在显著相关性;0～12月龄母牛体重、体长、体高和胸围生长发育的最适数学模型均为3次多项式模型,拟合度在0.981 4～0.995 8之间,并且回归方程均达到极显著水平。由此可见,胸围可作为早期选择的可靠依据;3次多项式模型可以用来预测放牧犊牛各月龄的体重及体尺。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2012,(1)
试验选取20头刚出生的牦黄杂交F2代犊牛(10头公犊,10头母犊)进行育肥,测定其各生长阶段的体重和日增重指标。3月龄公犊体重32.40±3.00kg,母犊体重34.55±8.50kg,差异不显著(p0.05);6月龄公犊体重67.70±9.50kg,母犊体重62.85±11.75kg,公犊平均体重明显高于母犊(p0.05)。初生至6月龄,公犊平均日增重0.29㎏,母犊平均日增重0.25㎏,但在4～5月龄公犊日增重445±116g,母犊日增重278±87g,公犊的生长速度极显著高于母犊(p0.01)。 相似文献
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【目的】探讨不同犊牛培育方式对犊牛生长发育性能的影响。【方法】根据2018—2021年的犊牛培育方法及生长发育性能,以西门塔尔牛为研究对象比较四组的培育效果,试验Ⅰ组采用带犊母牛白天放牧,其余时间随母哺乳;试验Ⅱ组采用白天放牧+早补饲,其余时间随母哺乳;试验Ⅲ组(传统组)采用带犊母牛全天舍饲,犊牛全天自由哺乳;试验Ⅳ组采用母牛舍饲,定时自然哺乳方式(按月龄限制哺乳次数)和犊牛岛内补饲。补饲组采用犊牛7日龄开始补饲,然后比较各组间0—4月龄(4月龄断奶)、4—6月龄犊牛的生长发育性能。【结果】结果表明：西门塔尔牛公、母犊初生重分别为45 kg和41 kg,四种培育方式对犊牛初生重影响不大;而试验Ⅳ组采用母牛舍饲,定时哺乳方式提高犊牛日增重明显,生长发育性能表现最好,料重比最低,4月龄断奶和6月龄体重都最高,公、母犊体重分别达217.19±52.27 kg和191.50±14.62 kg、296.11±26.51 kg和259.11±24.92 kg。3—4月龄采取过渡性断奶,定时哺乳和犊牛岛内补饲可提高犊牛成活率,减少断奶应激,促进犊牛生长发育,提高了种牛的供种水平。【结论】母牛舍饲,分... 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医科技信息》2016,(12)
正2014年国家开始的见犊补贴,我们单位承接此项工作,3年来,通过上报数据可以看出,有的养牛户的产犊率很低,最严重的10头母牛一年只上报2头犊牛。针对产犊率低的养牛户,给出几点建议,仅供参考。1选好后备母牛从4~6月龄雌性犊牛中选择生长发育好、性情温驯、增重快、体况结实的选做后备母牛。2育成母牛的饲养管理育成期是母牛的骨骼和肌肉发育最快时期,所以要给予充足的日粮,否则推迟性成熟和体成熟,影响适配年龄。掌握 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献