共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
论述了畜禽产品中兽药的残留和激素类药物的残留,兽药的残留主要包括抗菌类药物的残留和抗寄生虫类药物的残留,激素类药物的残留包括性激素的残留、生长激素的残留,还有β-兴奋剂的残留。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
兽药残留是制约畜牧业发展的重要问题，兽药残留日益受到更多人的关注。畜禽产品中药物残留问题成为人们关注的焦点，本文主要叙述畜产品中药物残留的危害，介绍减少畜禽产品药物残留产生的原因及控制措施。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
兽药残留是目前国内外普遍关注的热点问题,兽药残留直接影响动物性食品质量安全。本文阐述了目前国内兽药残留现状及兽药残留的危害,并提出了相应的监控措施。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
本文介绍了我国畜禽养殖场药残留问题的现状,并详细分析了药物残留的危害和兽药残留的原因,并提出解决药物残留问题的对策和建议。 相似文献
11.
Dietary exposure assessment of cyadox based on tissue depletion of cyadox and its major metabolites in pigs,chickens, and carp 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 L. L. Huang Y. M. Qiu L. L. Sun J. Li Y. H. Pan Y. L. Wang Z. H. Yuan 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(1):125-136
The tissue kinetics of cyadox, an antibacterial agent used in food animals, and its major metabolites in pigs, chickens, and carp were investigated followed by a complete dietary exposure assessment to evaluate the food safety of cyadox. Cyadox and its major metabolites, bisdeoxycyadox (Cy1), 4‐desoxycyadox (Cy2), N ‐(quinoxaline‐2‐methyl)‐cyanide acetyl hydrazine (Cy4), quinoxaline‐2‐carboxylic acid (Cy6), and 2‐hydromethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐quinoxaline (Cy12), were simultaneously quantitated with a high‐performance liquid chromatography?ultraviolet (HPLC ‐UV ) method. Pigs, chickens, and carp were fed with 150 mg/kg cyadox in feed for consecutive 60, 40, and 30 days, respectively. The residue amount of cyadox and its major metabolites in liver, kidney, muscle, and fat (skin) tissues was determined. Cy2 was below the limit of quantitation even at the withdrawal time of 6 hr, cyadox, Cy4, Cy6, and Cy12 could be detected at 6–24 hr with low level less than 50 μg/kg. By contrast, Cy1 persisted for 3 days in the kidney of pigs and chickens, and in the liver of carp. Based on these residue depletion data and previous toxicology results, the global estimated chronic dietary exposure assessment of cyadox for general population was conducted, indicating a zero withdrawal time (WDT ) may be appropriate for cyadox in food animals when used in feed for prolonged administration. These results provide analytical techniques and safety standards suitable for residue monitoring of cyadox in food animals. 相似文献
12.
60只3月龄左右杂交山羊,随机分为6组,空白对照组饲料不添加任何药物,药物对照组饲料添加50 mg/kg喹乙醇,4个试验组饲料中分别添加25、50、150和250 mg/kg喹赛多,试验期90 d.结果表明喹赛多25、50和150mg/kg能改善山羊平均日增重(ADG)4.4%、14.5%和7.2%,提高饲料转化率(FCR)5.9%、12.0%和7.4%.喹赛多250 mg/kg提高FCR 8.6%,但降低ADG 2.1%.喹赛多50 mg/kg组ADG和FCR均高于喹乙醇组.喹赛多50 mg/kg降低山羊腹泻频率39.0%,但随剂量增加,其抗腹泻作用下降.喹赛多25、50、150和250 mg/kg能提高山羊屠宰率2.5%、9.0%、5.0%和1.0%,增加眼肌面积4.8%、34.1%、16.1%和14.0%.喹赛多50 mg/kg组山羊净肉率提高14.0%,高于其他各组.喹赛多各剂量均能显著增高肌肉pH值,平均降低滴水损失值13.7%.可见,喹赛多适宜剂量,尤其50 mg/kg,有较好的促进山羊生长和改善胴体品质的作用. 相似文献
13.
喹赛多及其主要代谢物在猪体内的药代动力学研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
试验研究了灌服单剂量喹赛多(40 mg/kg体重)后原药及其代谢物在健康猪体内的药代动力学特征。液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆中喹赛多及其代谢物的浓度,通过WinNonlin 5.2药代动力学软件分析,用非房室模型统计矩原理计算喹赛多及其代谢产物的药动学参数。主要药动学参数分别为喹赛多:t1/2 (7.52±1.77) h,Cmax(0.02±0.01) μg/mL,AUC(0-36 h) (0.26±0.24) (h·μg)/mL,MRT(11.37±3.21) h;N1(脱一氧喹赛多):t1/2 (3.05±1.12) h,Cmax(0.35±0.18) μg/mL,AUC(0-36 h) (2.13±2.31) (h·μg)/mL,MRT(11.83±3.34) h。N4(脱一氧喹赛多):t1/2 (2.91±1.15) h,Cmax(0.60±0.32) μg/mL,AUC(0-36 h) (3.78±4.28) (h·μg)/mL,MRT(11.00±2.86) h。脱二氧喹赛多:t1/2 (3.85±1.30) h,Cmax(0.46±0.19) μg/mL,AUC(0-36 h) (4.21±2.47) (h·μg)/mL,MRT(13.35±2.65) h。QCA(喹口恶啉-2-羧酸):t1/2 (5.08±0.57) h,Cmax(0.25±0.11) μg/mL,AUC(0-36 h) (3.05±1.46) (h·μg)/mL,MRT(15.15±1.83)h。结果表明,血浆中主要存在形式为代谢物,各代谢物的血药浓度及AUC(0-∞)均高于喹赛多,喹赛多消除半衰期最长,QCA平均滞留时间最长。 相似文献
14.
15.
A 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to determine the effects of olaquindox and cyadox on the intestinal mucosal immune response and on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli in Landrace x Large White barrows that had been orally given 10(10) cfu of E. coli (O139:K88). Factors included 1) E. coli inoculation or no inoculation, and 2) no antimicrobial, 100 mg of olaquindox/kg, and 100 mg of cyadox/kg in the basal diet, respectively. The effects of cyadox and olaquindox were assessed in terms of fecal shedding of E. coli, the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), immunoglobulin A-positive cells (APC) in the intestinal lamina propria, and ADG. There was no difference in the fecal shedding of total E. coli or the inoculated E. coli between olaquindox-supplemented pigs and cyadox-supplemented pigs during the experiment. However, fecal shedding of the inoculated E. coli in olaquindox- or cyadox-supplemented pigs was less (P < 0.05) than that in nonsupplemented pigs. Escherichia coli inoculation increased IEL and APC in the jejunum and ileum, but olaquindox or cyadox decreased IEL and APC (P < 0.05). Jejunal APC in cyadox-supplemented pigs was less (P < 0.05) than that in olaquindox-supplemented pigs. Escherichia coli inoculation reduced (P < 0.05) ADG, whereas the supplementations improved ADG (P < 0.01) during the experiment. Average daily gain in cyadox-supplemented pigs was greater (P < 0.05) than that in olaquindox-supplemented pigs. The data indicated that olaquindox and cyadox reduced the number of intestinal E. coli and suppressed E. coli-induced immune activation, which might be responsible for the enhanced growth that was observed. 相似文献
16.
To study the effects of olaquindox and cyadox on aldosterone, sodium and potassium in the blood in comparison with the effects of carbadox, weaned pigs were fed these compounds in different doses. Pigs treated with 100 and 200 ppm carbadox showed a significant decline of aldosterone after five and three weeks, respectively, compared with control values. In the 200 ppm group treatment was interrupted at week 4. With olaquindox a continuous, significant decline was found from 50 ppm and above after five weeks, and from 25 ppm and above (but excluding the 100 ppm group), after six weeks. In the cyadox groups a significant decline was measured after six weeks in the 50, 200 and 400 ppm groups. Only the 200 ppm group had an earlier response at three and five weeks. A decrease of sodium to hyponatraemic levels in the carbadox groups was seen after three weeks in the 200, and after five weeks in the 100 ppm group. In the olaquindox groups only the 200 ppm dosage showed a consistent decrease to hyponatraemic levels from four weeks treatment. In the cyadox groups the 200 ppm dosage reached a hyponatraemic level after six weeks. An increase of potassium to hyperkalaemic levels occurred at 100 and 200 ppm carbadox dosage after four and three weeks, respectively, and at 200 ppm olaquindox dosage after four weeks. No hyperkalaemic levels were seen in the cyadox groups. It is concluded that the toxic effect of olaquindox, despite minor differences, is comparable with that of carbadox but that cyadox is less toxic. 相似文献
17.
选择体重基本一致的30日龄齐卡兔60只(公母各半),随机分成5组,即A组(对照组)、B组、C组、D组和E组,每组3个重复,每重复4只,单笼饲养。其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,其余各组分别在基础日粮中添加喹赛多50mg/kg、喹赛多100mg/kg、喹乙醇50mg/kg、喹乙醇100mg/kg,进行为期60d的饲养试验。结果表明:各组添加剂均能显著提高肉兔日增重(P<0.05);100mg/kg喹赛多组与对照组日耗料量相当,而其它各组日耗料量则显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各试验组与对照组相比,均能显著降低料重比(P<0.05),但各试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05);各组添加剂均能降低肉兔腹泻率。综合评价,喹赛多组优于喹乙醇组,适宜添加量为100mg/kg。 相似文献
18.
Olaquindox and cyadox stimulate growth and decrease intestinal mucosal immunity of piglets orally inoculated with Escherichia coli 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ding MX Yuan ZH Wang YL Zhu HL Fan SX 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2006,90(5-6):238-243
One hundred and fifty piglets were randomly allotted to one of six treatments to determine the effects of olaquindox and cyadox on growth and intestinal immune response including the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and immunoglobulin A secreting cells (ASCs) during the three-week period. A 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed with the following factors: (1) Escherichia coli (O(139):K(88), 10(10) CFU) inoculation or control and (2) no antimicrobials, 100 mg/kg olaquindox and 100 mg/kg cyadox in the basal diet respectively. The antimicrobial supplementations improved (p < 0.01) average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the experiment. Average daily gain and FCR in the cyadox-supplemented pigs were higher (p < 0.05) than those in the olaquindox-supplemented pigs. Intraepithelial lymphocytes and ASCs decreased (p < 0.05) when the diets were supplemented. Jejunal ASCs in the cyadox-supplemented pigs were lower (p < 0.05) than those in the olaquindox-supplemented pigs. Olaquindox and cyadox suppressed E. coli-induced intestinal immune activation, which may be involved in the observed growth promotion. 相似文献
19.
20.
以苯并呋咱-N-氧化物和丙酮醛缩二甲醇为起始原料,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,吡咯烷为催化剂,经过Beirut反应得到喹噁啉-1,4-二氧-2-甲醛缩二甲醇,喹噁啉-1,4-二氧-2-甲醛缩二甲醇在以甲醇为溶剂、浓盐酸为催化剂的条件下与氰乙酰肼反应生成喹赛多.终产物喹赛多经核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱、质谱、红外光谱进行确证.总收率为55.8％. 相似文献