共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 188 毫秒
1.
《种子》2020,(8)
以偏穗鹅观草(Roegneria komarovii)为试验材料,利用荧光原位杂交技术,进行5 S rDNA、45 S rDNA以及重复序列pAs 1 DNA的定位,观察荧光原位杂交信号的分布特征以及信号的强弱,对偏穗鹅观草进行染色体配对以及核型分析。结果表明:1)偏穗鹅观草的染色体组总长度为104.785 μm,平均绝对长度为7.485 μm,最长染色体与最短染色体长度比为2.030,臂比大于2∶1的染色体有0组,核型不对称系数为56.01%,具有2对随体,分别位于第6号染色体和第14号染色体的短臂上,故偏穗鹅观草的核型公式是2 n=4 x=28=26 m(4 SAT)+2 sm,核型类型属于1 B型。2) 5 S rDNA位于第6对染色体的短臂上和第11对染色体的长臂上;45 S rDNA位于第6对染色体的短臂上和第14对染色体的短臂上;有8对染色体检测到明显的pAs 1 DNA的荧光信号,大多分布于染色体的端部,少数定位于着丝粒区域。 相似文献
2.
为给葱的染色体的识别提供新标记,建立葱的分子细胞遗传学核型,本研究采用去壁火焰干燥法制备了分散且形态良好的葱中期染色体,并进行了CPD（PI和DAPI组合）染色和45S rDNA荧光原位杂交（FISH）,根据葱染色体的形态特征,结合CPD染色和FISH结果,对葱进行了核型分析。CPD染色结果:葱所有染色体臂末端都显示CPD带。FISH结果：有一对45S rDNA位点（在第5对染色体上）。葱的核型公式：2n=2x=16=2sm+12m+2st(SAT)。研究表明：利用CPD染色和45S rDNA FISH,不仅能为染色体识别提供新标记,还能了解染色体GC丰富区的分布,为葱属植物的物种鉴定、系统分类与进化等研究提供DNA分子方面的证据。 相似文献
3.
花生的荧光显带和rDNA荧光原位杂交核型分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立花生准确而详细的核型对于阐明其起源和开展其基因组研究十分重要。本研究采用DAPI显带和5S、45S rDNA探针双色荧光原位杂交对花生有丝分裂中期染色体进行了分析。结果表明,花生的单倍基因组总长度为(81.06±3.74) μm,最长染色体为(4.72±0.15) μm,最短染色体为(2.62±0.14)μm;有15对染色体显示了着丝粒区DAPI+带,其中10对为强带,5对为弱带;有2对5S rDNA位点和5对45S rDNA位点,其中1对5S与1对45S位点同线。综合染色体测量数据、DAPI+带和rDNA杂交信号,对花生染色体进行了准确配对和排列,建立了详细的分子细胞遗传学核型。花生的核型公式为2n=4x=40=38m+2sm(SAT),核型不对称类型属于2A型。 相似文献
4.
《种子》2021,(8)
以野大麦(Hordeum brevisubulatum L.)为材料,采用荧光原位杂交技术,以5 SrDNA、45 SrDNA及重复序列pAs 1和pSc 119.2为探针,与野大麦染色体标本进行原位杂交,通过观察探针在染色体上标记的位置、标记信号的强弱,对野大麦染色体组进行核型分析。结果表明,5 SrDNA位于第10号和第14号染色体的短臂上;45 SrDNA位于第6号、第10号、第11号、第12号、第13号、第14号染色体的短臂上;pAs 1 DNA的荧光信号大部分出现在染色体的端部,部分出现在着丝粒区域;pSc 119.2的荧光信号出现在第7号和第14号染色体短臂的顶端,第10号染色体一条短臂的顶端,另一条染色体可能顶端缺失导致没有出现pSc 119.2荧光信号。核型公式为2 n=4 x=28=28 m(12 SAT),核型类型属于1 A型,核型不对称系数为57.227%。 相似文献
5.
基于45S rDNA和雷蒙德氏棉gDNA为探针的草棉FISH核型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
草棉基于荧光原位杂交（FISH）的核型公式为2n = 2x = 26 = 16m + 10sm (6 sat),短臂和长臂的相对长度分别为1.43～4.14和3.34～5.18,染色体长度比(最长与最短染色体的比值)是1.63。染色体组有6个随体,都定位在最后3条染色体的短臂上,其中位于第12和第13号染色体的随体在DAPI和罗丹明镜像中明显可见,但位于第11号染色体的随体在DAPI镜像中观察不到。检测到6个(3对)NOR信号,与随体同位,1对位于染色体端粒,2对紧接着丝粒。雷蒙德氏棉基因组DNA（gDNA）作探针时,在体细胞染色体上检测到GISH-NOR,其数量、位置和大小与45S探针的NOR相同,说明FISH核型比以前常规核型（非FISH核型）更精确。结合本试验室其它FISH资料,推断A基因组棉种在作为供体形成异源四倍体棉种以来,一些串连重复序列如rDNA可能发生了很大变化,包括扩增、易位或缺失等。对于D基因组特有的GISH-NOR的一个可能解释,就是D基因组棉种的rDNA拷贝数远远多于A基因组棉种。NOR或者GISH-NOR位点等方面的进一步研究,有助于探讨rDNA基因进化和功能,并作为一种标记应用于棉属构建染色体序号定位的物理图谱。 相似文献
6.
分析rDNA基因位点在染色体上的分布可以对新麦草染色体进行识别和分析其基因组特征。利用FISH和顺序C-分带-FISH技术将45S rDNA定位于新麦草细胞分裂中期染色体上,结果表明,45S rDNA在二倍体新麦草染色体上有6个主要分布位点,另外几条染色体在两臂中部或长臂末端还显示出较弱的杂交信号,信号强度显示蒙农4号新麦草基因组具有一定杂合性。分析确定新麦草的45S rDNA基因主位点分别位于N1染色体短臂末端、N3染色体短臂末端以及N5染色体短臂末端,推测这3对染色体是NOR染色体。 相似文献
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8.
《分子植物育种》2016,(12)
利用小麦45S r DNA为探针,对沙地云杉及其近缘种红皮云杉与白杄进行荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)鉴定,分析三种云杉染色体上45S r DNA的分布,并进行核型分析。结果表明:白杄染色体上有5对信号位点,其核型公式为2n=24=22m(6sc)+2sm;红皮云杉有6对信号位点,核型公式为2n=24=20m(4sc)+4sm;沙地云杉信号位点为7对,核型公式为2n=24=22m(6sc)+2sm。三种云杉染色体类型大多为亚中部着丝粒染色体,核型均为1A型,且白杄与红皮云杉的核型更为原始;较强的信号位点主要位于次缢痕处,沙地云杉与白杄的FISH核型模式更为接近,说明白杄与沙地云杉其亲缘关系较红皮云杉更近。 相似文献
9.
本研究以蒜芥茄为试验材料,取其根尖进行染色体制片,基于端粒保守重复序列、5 SrDNA和18 SrDNA为探针进行荧光原位杂交,观察探针在染色体上标记的位置和信号的强弱,应用染色体核型分析软件进行图像采集和染色体长度的测量分析。结果表明,蒜芥茄的核型公式为2 n=2 x=24=24 m(2 SAT),染色体上各有一对5 SrDNA、18 SrDNA位点,端粒序列(TTTAGGG)6位于染色体的两端。蒜芥茄为二倍体,染色体臂比值在1.05～1.48之间,为中部着丝粒染色体(m),最长染色体与最短染色体之比为1.42,核型不对称系数为54.73%,属于较原始的1 A型。 相似文献
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11.
为研究醇提莪术对绿豆种子萌发及幼苗生长发育的影响,在不同浓度梯度醇提莪术溶液作用下对绿豆种子进行浸种试验,来判断中药莪术是否可作为植物源生长调节物质。采用室内水培,培养皿纸上发芽法,分光光度法测定叶绿素含量,蒽酮比色法测定可溶性总糖的含量。试验结果表明,醇提莪术对绿豆种子萌发及幼苗的生长有明显的低浓度促进、高浓度延缓作用,且延缓效果随溶液浓度的升高而升高;绿豆种子的发芽指标及幼苗的根长、株高、下胚轴长、鲜重、干重及根冠比均呈先增长后下降的趋势,其生长最适浓度在150 mg/L。绿豆幼苗叶绿素含量及可溶性总糖含量也呈先增大后减小的趋势,其有机物质积累最适浓度在300 mg/L。研究结果表明醇提莪术溶液低浓度促进植株生长,但不利于有机物质积累;较高浓度延缓植株生长,但有利于有机物质的积累。 相似文献
12.
390份小麦-黑麦种质材料主要农艺性状分析及优异材料的GISH与FISH鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将小麦近缘属植物黑麦中的优良基因导入小麦可以拓宽小麦的遗传基础,丰富小麦的遗传变异。本研究调查并分析了390份小麦-黑麦种质材料。在这390份种质材料中,6个主要农艺性状值均有较大的极差,说明其遗传多样性丰富。与10份小麦主栽品种相比,90%以上的材料具有穗长和分蘖数的显著优势,60%以上的材料具有小穗数优势,约30%的材料穗粒数和千粒重显著高于主栽品种。利用基因组原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)和多色荧光原位杂交(multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization,mc-FISH)技术,对8份农艺性状优良的代表性材料进行染色体组成分析,发现3份为六倍体小黑麦(AABBRR),2份为八倍体小黑麦(AABBDDRR),1份为1RS·1BL易位系,其余2份不具有可见的黑麦染色体或染色体片段。值得指出的是,3份六倍体小黑麦与2份八倍体小黑麦所含的黑麦染色体不完全相同。八倍体小黑麦中有1对来源于黑麦的小染色体,而六倍体小黑麦中没有类似小染色体;并且,不同材料中黑麦4R染色体端部的GISH杂交带有明显差异。本研究结果为这些小麦-黑麦种质材料进一步应用于小麦育种提供了依据。 相似文献
13.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeders often utilize alien sources to supply new genetic variation to their breeding programs. However, the alien gene complexes have not always behaved as desired when placed into a wheat background. The introgressed genes of interest may be linked to undesirable genes, expressed at low levels or not at all. The short arm of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome one (1RS) contains many valuable genes for wheat improvement. In order to study rye gene response to varying copy number, wheat lines were constructed which contained zero, two or four doses of 1RS. The meiotic behavior of rye chromosome 1R, and wheat/rye translocation chromosomes, 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS was studied in the F1 hybrids between wheat lines carrying 1R or the translocation chromosomes. The IRS arm was transmitted at a very high frequency; 98 % of the F2 plants had at least one of the chromosomes with a IRS arm. In addition, 44 % of the F2 plants received at least one copy of the chromosomes from each parent. Analysis of the meiotic behavior of the IRS arm suggested that few euploid wheat gametes were formed. Therefore, most of the pollen must have contained IRS. It is unknown whether the lack of euploid wheat pollen could account for the high transmission frequency of the rye chromosomes. There may have been differential survival of the embryos receiving the rye chromosome as well. 相似文献
14.
Ken-ichiro Yamashita Yukiya Hisatsune Toyohusa Sakamoto Kazuhiro Ishizuka Yosuke Tashiro 《Euphytica》2002,125(2):163-167
Chromosomes and cytoplasms were analyzed in two lines of a somatic hybrid between onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic (A. sativum L.). One line of the somatic hybrid had 40 chromosomes and the other 41chromosomes. Genomic in situhybridization successfully revealed the chromosome constitution of the two lines. One line had 20 chromosomes from onion and17
chromosomes from garlic, and the other had 21 chromosomes from onion and 17chromosomes from garlic. Interestingly, both lines
had three chimeric chromosomes. PCR-RFLP analyses of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs of both lines showed that these were
identical to the onion parent.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
S. E. Zorinyants A. V. Nosov E. D. Badaeva I. N. Smolenskaya N. S. Badaev 《Plant Breeding》1995,114(3):219-225
In vitro culturing of plant cells can cause changes in karyotype. Chromosome variations following long-term propagation in suspension culture of Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. were studied by routine staining and C-banding. The culture was highly heterogeneous with respect to the number and structure of chromosomes. The modal class cells had a lower chromosome number than T. timopheevii (2n= 28). This data was confirmed by cytophotometric analysis of nuclear-DNA content. Frequencies of chromosome loss varied for different homoeologous groups. At genome chromosomes tended to be preferentially eliminated in cells of different ploidy levels. Deletions, insertions, translocations, telocentric chromosomes, isochromosomes and dicentrics and their derivatives were observed in cultured cells. Chromosomes of various homoeologous groups differed in the frequencies and spectra of re—arrangements, but most aberrations occurred in the G-genome chromosomes. In vitro chromosome modifications did not correspond to in vivo variation. Presumably, this difference was caused by differences in the mechanisms of adaptation to the environment at the levels of the cell and the whole organism. G-genome chromosomes were more frequently involved in this process, both in vivo and in vitro. 相似文献
16.
Comparisons of RFLP and PCR-based markers to detect polymorphism between wheat cultivars 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Previously chromosome 3A of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was reported to carry genes influencing yield, yield components, plant height, and anthesis date. The objective of current
study was to survey various molecular marker systems for their ability to detect polymorphism between wheat cultivars Cheyenne(CNN)
and Wichita (WI), particularly for chromosome3A. Seventy-seven `sequence tagged site' (STS), 10simple sequence repeat (SSR),
40 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, and 52 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes for wheat
homoeologous group 3 chromosomes, were investigated. Three (3.9%) STS-PCR primer sets amplified polymorphic fragments for
the two cultivars, of which one was polymorphic for chromosome 3A. Sixty percent of SSR markers detected polymorphism between
CNN and WI of which 50% were polymorphic for chromosome 3A. Twenty percent of RAPD markers detected polymorphism between CNN
and WI in general, but none of these detected polymorphism for chromosome 3A. Of the fifty-two RFLP probes, 78.8% detected
polymorphism between CNN and WI for group 3 chromosomes with one or more of seven restriction enzymes and 42% of the polymorphic
fragements were for chromosome 3A. These high levels of RFLP and SSR polymorphisms between two related wheat cultivars could
be used to map and tag genes influencing important agronomic traits. It may also be important to reconsider RFLP as the most
suitable marker system at least for anchor maps of closely related wheat cultivars.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Karyotype of Canada wildrye (Elymus canadenisis L.) was described using giemsa C-banding techniques. Most of the chromosomes showed dome banding pattern polymorphism. Small to large terminal and centormere bands were observed in most of the chromosomes. A faint satellite was observed in one chromosome. Tow chromosomes had a large interstitial band near the centromeres in the long arms. The Giemsa C-banding pattern of E. Canadensis is compared to that of Pseudoroegneria spicata and Critesion boddanii to illustrate species relationship. 相似文献
18.
The karyotypes and meiotic behaviour of six Chrysantheminae species are investigated. Pyrethrum coccineum (Willd.) Worosch. is a tetraploid, while the other five species (Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch.-Bip., Opisthopappus taihangensis (Ling) shih, Crossostephium chinense (L.) Makino, Tanacetum vulgare L. and P. parthenium (L.) Sm.) are all diploids. Their karyotypes consist mainly of median centromere and submedian centromere chromosomes, although
C. chinense also has two terminal centromere chromosomes, and P. parthenium two subterminal centromere chromosomes. No satellited chromosomes are observed in any of the six species. All the species
have a 2A type karyotype, except for P. coccineum which is 3A. The meiotic behaviour in the pollen mother cells (PMCs) of all six species is essentially normal, with metaphase
I chromosome pairing configurations in the diploid species predominantly showing 9II, while P. coccineum shows 18II. A low frequency of quadrivalents (and trivalents) and chromosome bridges/lagging chromosomes is observed. 相似文献
19.
The wheat-rye 1BL.1RS translocation chromosomes have been used widely around the world in commercial wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) production because of the presence of several disease resistance genes and a yield enhancement factor on the rye ( Secale cereale L.) chromosome. However, the recent reports of the loss of complete effectiveness of the disease resistance genes on the most commonly used 1BL.1RS chromosome have highlighted the need to seek and deploy additional sources of disease resistance genes. Three new sibling wheat cultivars, 'CN12', 'CN17' and 'CN18', were developed carrying 1RS arms derived from the rye inbred line L155. Genomic in situ hybridization and C-banding analysis revealed that all the three cultivars contained the rye chromosome 1RS arm fused to the wheat 1BL wheat chromosome arm. The three cultivars displayed high yields and high resistance to local powdery mildew and stripe rust pathotypes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis indicated the different structure of 1BL.1RS chromosome between 'CN18' and the other two cultivars. The present study provides a new 1RS resource for wheat improvement. 相似文献
20.
植物体细胞杂交是植物种质资源创制的重要方法。体细胞杂种在原生质体再生的过程中染色体会产生非常多的遗传变异。研究体细胞杂种的染色体行为为马铃薯体细胞杂种的创制和利用提供理论基础。本研究采用rDNA和端粒重复序列作为探针进行原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization),并结合基因组原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization),对马铃薯和茄子体细胞杂种染色体组成和变异进行了分析。原位杂交结果表明,体细胞杂种中存在马铃薯和茄子融合的染色体和双着丝粒染色体,并发现部分融合染色体是由马铃薯和茄子2号染色体末端对末端融合得到的。重排的双着丝粒染色体的着丝粒一个来源于马铃薯,一个来源于茄子。此外,体细胞杂种中来源于茄子的5S rDNA在体细胞杂种再生及稳定的过程中全部丢失。研究结果表明马铃薯与茄子在进行体细胞杂交的过程中,染色体是不稳定的,容易造成融合后代出现双着丝粒和染色体重排等现象。体细胞杂种的染色体会通过染色体重排、双着丝粒、rDNA均一化等多种形式使其染色体趋于稳定。 相似文献