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农作物品种DNA指纹库构建研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《分子植物育种》2015,(9)
构建品种标准DNA指纹库应满足三个基本要求,即标准样品、核心引物和标准程序。本文综述了近20年来国内外农作物品种DNA指纹库构建进展情况,结果显示国外品种标准DNA指纹库构建主要是在UPOV框架下开展植物品种权保护品种的建库,而中国品种标准DNA指纹库构建主要是在农业部品种管理部门的统筹下开展品种权保护品种及区试审定品种的建库。所用建库技术主要为SSR技术,少数作物如玉米、水稻、大豆等已开始采用SNP技术,玉米、水稻、小麦等作物品种建库数量均已达到3 000份以上,其中玉米建库数量已经超过2万份。进一步分析发现,不同作物分子标记开发情况、作物的物种特性、不同国家对不同作物建库需求的迫切程度、所建DNA指纹库的级别是影响不同作物DNA指纹库构建进展的四个主要因素。最后本文对农作物品种未来DNA指纹库构建工作的开展进行展望。 相似文献
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为构建玉米杂交种北青340及其亲本的指纹图谱,以40对玉米核心引物,通过SSR分子标记技术对北青340进行分析,从中筛选出7对条带清晰、重复性好的引物(umc 1147 y 4、bnlg 1671 y 17、umc 1999 y 3、phi 299852 y 2、umc 1936 k 4、umc 2163 w 3、bnlg 2291 k 4)。并将该指纹图谱用"0"和"1"构建成数字化指纹,同时,利用相关公式计算出与其有相同指纹的概率极低,为2.98×10-8。研究表明,这7对引物可用来鉴定北青340及其亲本的真实性。 相似文献
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为构建玉米杂交种泛玉398及其亲本的指纹图谱，利用40对玉米核心引物，通过简单序列重复长度多态性(SSR)分子标记技术进行分析。结果表明，筛选出6对亲本条带互补、清晰稳定的引物，分别是bnlg439w1、umc2015k3、umc1705w1、bnlg291k4、umc1147y4、bnlg1671y17，并将所构建指纹图谱数字化，分别用“0”和“1”表示，计算得到出现相同指纹图谱的概率为5.96×10-8。这6对引物所构建指纹图谱可以用于玉米杂交种泛玉398及其亲本的真实性鉴定。 相似文献
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玉米杂交种新科891及其亲本SSR指纹图谱的构建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用SSR分子标记技术,构建杂交种新科891及其亲本的指纹图谱。结果表明:从56对均匀分布在玉米10条染色体上的SSR引物中筛选出7对条带清晰、多态性及重复性好的引物,分别是:bnlg439w1、umc2007y4、umc2015k3、bnlg2291k4、umc1705w1、bnlg1702k1以及phi0801k15。这7对引物共检测出23个等位基因,每对引物可以检测到2～4个,平均3.29个。将这7对引物扩增的杂交种新科891及其亲本的条带数字化,计算出现与其相同数字指纹图谱的概率均为1.19×10-7,概率极低,所构建的指纹图谱是特有的,因此,用这7对引物鉴定杂交种新科891的真实性和纯度是可行的、结果是可信的。 相似文献
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玉米品种DNA指纹数据库构建的标准化规范 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为了保证玉米品种DNA指纹库构建的标准化,从建库标记、检测平台、试剂、样品、评估程序、数据整合、模式库、扩展库、随机盲测等九个方面进行了全面的规范:(1)通过对不同分子标记的比较,确定SSR标记作为建库标记;(2)通过对不同DNA指纹检测方法的比较,确定毛细管电泳结合多色荧光检测方法作为DNA指纹片段分析方法;(3)规范了DNA、引物、Taq酶等试剂质量,以保证数据的稳定性和可重复性;(4)规范了样品来源、样品类型及分析样品数量;(5)确定评估品种的数量及引物的取舍标准;(6)为解决不同来源DNA指纹数据的有效整合问题,提出了固定一套核心引物、提供标准品种、提供标准DNA、确定引物等位基因BIN、规定对异常带型数据处理方式、规定数据的编码方式等6个解决策略;(7)规范了构建模式库的材料名单、来源及构建方式;(8)规范了构建扩展库的材料来源及构建方式;(9)进行数据库数据随机盲测,以评估入库数据质量.以上规范将为不同单位合作开展大规模的DNA指纹库构建研究奠定基础. 相似文献
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为获得沙棘SCoT-PCR最佳反应体系并筛选出适用引物,本研究采用正交试验设计与单因素试验设计的方法对其反应体系进行优化,并在此基础上对设计的80条引物进行筛选。试验结果表明:沙棘SCoT-PCR最佳反应体系(20μL)为:2×Taq PCR预混试剂Ⅱ用量9.8μL,模板DNA用量25 ng,引物浓度0.9μmol/L;从设计的80条SCoT引物中筛选出24条扩增条带清晰、多态性较高的引物。本研究结果可为沙棘遗传多样性、遗传图谱构建、品种指纹图谱的构建等研究提供相关依据。 相似文献
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本项研究归纳出三种DNA指纹分析方法,即特征谱带法、引物组合法和核心引物组合法,并比较了这三种方法在玉米品种纯度及真伪鉴定中的应用价值.在玉米基因组上均匀选取62对SSR引物对60个玉米自交系进行分析.62对SSR引物共检测到238个等位基因变异,平均每个位点的等位基因数4.08个,平均多态性信息量(PIC)0.612,平均标记索引系数(MI)2.58,评估引物多态性的三个指标并不完全一致.三种方法的比较研究表明,特征谱带法仅在固定的材料范围内有效,当扩大范围后,原来具有特征带的样品往往不再具有特征带,且需要筛选大量的引物,效率很低;引物组合法通过不同引物的有限组合,完全可以区分全部材料,避免了筛选大量引物的工作;核心引物组合法是引物组合法的扩展, 不同实验室通过使用固定的一套核心引物组合,其指纹图谱可以相互比较和整合,为玉米DNA指纹图谱分析的标准化奠定基础. 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
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W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献