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取1日龄AA肉仔鸡144只，随机分为对照组和试验组，在试验组鸡的基础日粮中按0、30mg／kg添加钒。试验期共42d，每周末从每组取鸡6只，称重后扑杀，取胸腺、腔上囊和脾称重，Bouin液固定，制作石蜡切片，观察、摄像，研究钒对肉鸡胸腺、腔上囊和脾等免疫器官质量、器官指数和组织结构发育的影响。结果显示，试验组鸡的胸腺、腔上囊和脾平均质量和器官指数显著或极显著高于同日龄对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；试验组鸡的胸腺小叶皮质增厚，胸腺小体增多；腔上囊皱襞发达，腔上囊淋巴滤泡体积较大、皮质较厚、退化延缓；脾小结体积较大、生发中心明显，动脉周围淋巴鞘增厚，椭球增大。结果表明，在肉雏鸡的日粮中添加钒30mg／kg，可促进胸腺、腔上囊和脾的发育，延缓腔上囊的退化。 相似文献
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高锌对天府肉鹅免疫功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将1日龄天府肉鹅健雏200只随机分为A、B、C、D共4组，A组作为对照组仅喂基础日粮（Zn 100mg／kg），B、C、D组分别饲喂基础日粮＋Zn900mg／kg、基础日粮＋Zn1400mg／kg和基础日粮＋Zn1900mg／kg，试验期7周，以研究高剂量锌对雏鹅免疫功能的影响。结果，与对照组相比，高锌的B、C和D组雏鹅淋巴器官发育受阻，胸腺、腔上囊和脾的器官生长指数程度不同地降低；胸腺、腔上囊和脾淋巴细胞数量减少、变性、坏死；淋巴细胞分裂增殖受抑，胸腺、腔上囊、脾和外周血淋巴细胞分裂指数程度不同地降低。结果表明，日粮高锌可致雏鹅免疫功能受损。 相似文献
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半胱胺对鸡免疫器官组织结构及发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究半胱胺对鸡免疫器官发育的影响,试验应用100羽1日龄草杂鸡,随机分成2组,每组50羽,即:对照组和试验组:分别饲喂添加0和1.0g/kg半胱胺的基础日粮.试验期30d.试验结束时每组随机抽取20只鸡,颈静脉放血致死,取胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏,应用Bouin液固定,制作石蜡切片,H·E染色,Olympus显微镜观察、拍照.结果表明,试验组鸡较对照组鸡胸腺小叶皮质增厚,皮质内淋巴细胞密集,胸腺小体减少;试验组较对照组鸡法氏囊淋巴小结增多,淋巴细胞处于发育状态,皮质较厚,皮质、髓质内淋巴细胞增多,皮质、髓质分界明显.对照组法氏囊出现萎缩退化现象;试验组鸡较对照组鸡脾脏的结构清晰,白髓内的脾小结数量增多,研究结果显示,日粮中添加半胱胺能够促进鸡的淋巴器官的发育,从而提高机体的免疫功能. 相似文献
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不同硒源对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫器官发育的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究亚硒酸钠与纳米硒对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫器官发育的影响.试验选用罗曼蛋雏鸡120只,随机分为3组:Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别添加0.4 mg/kg亚硒酸钠和纳米硒的基础日粮.在试验鸡26,36日龄时的清晨称重,每组随机扑杀5只,取免疫器官,计算免疫器官指教,并进行组织切片观察.结果表明:试验鸡36日龄时的生长性能,Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组相比结果显著(P＜0.05).Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组相比结果极显著(P＜0.01);免疫器官指数,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组相比结果不显著(P＞0.05);免疫器官结构:脾脏,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组动脉周围淋巴鞘变大、脾小结变大:法氏囊,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组法氏囊皮质增厚;胸腺,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组胸腺皮质增厚、胸腺小体变大.Ⅱ、Ⅲ组比较,Ⅲ组在脾小结变化中表现更为明显.结论:在蛋雏鸡饲料中添加纳米硒能促进其生长并增强免疫器官功能. 相似文献
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选择1日龄闽中麻鸡256羽,预饲1周后随机分为4组:A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B、C、D组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加20、40和80 mg/kg的钒。试验期42 d。于14,21,28,35和42日龄每组随机取鸡6羽,解剖取肝和胰腺称重并取材,制作石蜡切片和超薄切片,研究不同钒水平对动物消化腺平均质量、器官指数及组织结构的影响。结果B组的肝和胰腺平均质量均高于A组,C组和D组肝脏的平均质量均低于A组,部分日龄差异显著(P<0.05);C组和D组的器官指数大于A组,部分日龄差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)。B组比A组的肝细胞线粒体和粗面内质网发达;胰腺的亮胰岛多且大。C组和D组的肝和胰腺出现细胞肿胀、变性、坏死等不同程度的病变。结果表明,在动物的日粮中添加20 mg/kg钒可以改善消化腺的组织结构,超过40 mg/kg会影响消化腺的发育,80 mg/kg损伤消化腺的组织结构。 相似文献
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为探索不同剂量维生素C对蛋鸡免疫机能的影响,将240只体重相近的45日龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E 共5 组,每组设4个重复,每个重复12羽.A组为对照组,对B、C、D、E 4组的鸡颈部皮下注射新城疫Ⅰ系疫苗,在4个试验组的日粮中分别添加0、250、500、750 mg/kg的维生素C,分别在处理后的第7、14、21、28天采样测定供试鸡的脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官指数及血清中的新城疫抗体HI效价.结果显示,添加维生素C的C、D、E 组的脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官指数均显著高于B 组(P＜0.05),HI效价也显著高于B组(P＜0.05),日粮中500 mg/kg的维生素C添加量效果最好(P＜0.05).表明在鸡的日粮当中适当添加维生素C能显著促进脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官的生长发育,增强免疫系统产生抗体的能力,能改善鸡体的免疫机能. 相似文献
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研究了饲料中添加海生素对AA肉鸡免疫器官发育的影响。144只AA肉鸡,随机分为2组,分别在饲料中添加0、200 mg/kg海生素,试验期42 d,每周末每组取试验鸡6只,颈动脉放血致死。取胸腺、腔上囊、脾脏,Bou in液固定,制作石蜡切片,HE染色,显微观察并摄影。结果:7日龄和42日龄试验组的胸腺指数高于同日龄的对照组,差异极显著(P<0.01);7日龄试验组腔上囊的器官指数升高,差异显著(P<0.05);35日龄试验组脾脏的器官指数升高,差异显著(P<0.05)。1~6周龄试验组中,胸腺、腔上囊和脾脏的组织结构也有不同程度的变化。其中脾的组织结构变化比较明显,尤其是脾小体变化甚为明显。试验表明:添加海生素能部分增加肉鸡免疫器官指数,促进免疫器官发育。 相似文献
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本试验将60羽体重相近的49日龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E5组，每组4个重复，每个重复3羽。分别在B、C、D、E组日粮中填加0、200、400、800mg／kg的维生素C．并进行颈部皮下注射Ⅰ系新城疫疫苗免疫。分4周测血清中的HI效价及脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等脏器指数。结果表明：添加维生素C可提高HI效价，对新城疫疫苗免疫效果有促进作用，其中D组效果较好；C、D、E组的脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等脏器指数均高于B组，说明添加维生素C能促进脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官生长发育。进而影响细胞免疫和体液免疫性能。 相似文献
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试验将60只体重相近的49日龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E5组,每组4个重复,每个重复3只。B、C、D、E4组颈部皮下注射新城疫Ι系疫苗进行免疫,分别在B、C、D、E组日粮中添加0、200、400、800mg/kg的维生素C,分四周测血清中的HI效价及脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等脏器指数。结果表明:添加维生素C可提高HI效价,对新城疫疫苗免疫效果有促进作用,其中400mg/kg的维生素C效果较好;C、D、E组的脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等脏器指数均高于B组,说明添加维生素C能促进脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官生长发育,进而影响细胞免疫和体液免疫。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献