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稻瘿蚊是邕宁县晚稻的主要害虫之一，1a发生7－8个世代，以长1、2代为害早稻无效分蘖，第3代为害早稻无效分蘖及晚稻杂优制种田，第4代小部分继续为害迟插早稻无效分蘖及制种田，主要为害晚稻秧田，第5代有部分为害晚稻秧田，主要为害早插晚稻本田，第6代为害晚稻本田，第7代（或8代）为害晚稻无效分蘖。第5、6代是晚稻本田主害代。在邕宁20世纪80年代初至90年代中期（截至1995年）是严重发生为害时期，平均每年发生面积1．722万hm^2，占种植面积的36．9％，造成粮食损失255．02万kg，对水稻生产构成严重威胁。90年代后期发生面积有所下降，平均每年发生面积0．728万hm^2，其中2000年稻瘿蚊发生程度是19995年以发生最轻的一年，从早稻后期虫源来看，早稻后期无效分蘖标葱率是近10a来最高的一年，虫源面积之广，有效虫源之多也是近10a来最多的一年，而晚稻稻瘿蚊却发生轻。本文就定问题作进一步分析，仅供参考。 相似文献
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1998年江西稻棉病虫害发生特点及原因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1998年江西气候异常,水稻、棉花病虫的发生为害出现了一些新特点,现分析报告如下：11998年江西稻棉病虫害发生概况1．l水稻病虫害属偏重发生年份,轻于1997年,发生面积5953113．4lunZ。其中早稻病虫重发生,略重于1997年,发生面积3095726．7hlnZ;晚稻病虫中等发生,明显轻于1997年,发生面积2857386．7hm'。重发生的病虫有早稻稻瘟病、纹枯病和晚稻稻自蚊,偏重发生的病虫有早稻和一季晚稻稻飞虱、早稻稻纵卷叶螟、晚稻细菌性条斑病和北部三化螟。l。2棉花病虫害总体发生水平为中等偏重,发生面积504266．67hm',其中棉铃虫重发生,尤… 相似文献
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桂林市稻瘟病发生原因及防治对策廖家榜（桂林市植保植检站）稻瘟病是桂林市水稻最主要的流行性病、害。一般早稻重于晚稻，在１９７１～１９９３年的２３年中，偏重程度以上发生的年份有１１年，尤其自１９８９年以来，连续５年为中等偏重至大发生。稻瘟病已成为水稻持续... 相似文献
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早稻稻飞虱发生量预测方法初探李锴员（湖南省益阳市赫山区植保植检站４１３００２）稻飞虱是为害我市水稻的主要害虫之一,其发生种类是早稻以白背飞虱为主,晚稻以褐飞虱为主,但褐飞虱对早稻的为害有上升趋势。早稻主要为害世代是第三代,晚稻是第四、五代。稻飞虱的发... 相似文献
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1988—1991年在同一丘田对早、晚稻纹枯病的流行速率、发生的气候条件及不同发病程度和不同严重度级别的损失情况作了较系统分析。得出了纹枯病不同时期的流行速率和水稻拔节期病丛、病株与蜡熟期病指的关系以及纹枯病的为害损失情况。为纹枯病测报和防治提供了理论依据。现报道如下: 1.材料与方法 1.1 品种与处理方法 早稻为浙辐八○二、二九丰、湘九,晚稻为S_(64)、V_6、S_(63)。各代表早、中、迟熟3个类型。田间管理、施肥水平与大田基本一致。每个品种设施药区与不施药区,施药区早稻在6月中旬,晚稻在9月初每亩用井岗霉素粉剂0.5公斤兑水50公斤喷雾,小区面积0.2亩,四周设保护区,其他管理措施基本一致。 相似文献
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应用专家经济预测与数值研究相结合，预报１９９５年度广西水稻主要病虫发生程度：三化螟早稻将中等偏轻发生，个别县达中等程度。晚稻为中等程度，局部中等偏重；稻纵卷叶螟早稻为中等偏重，局部大发生。晚稻中等偏轻，少数几个县（市）中等程度发生；稻飞虱早稻将中等偏重，局部大发生。晚稻中等发生；稻瘟病中等偏轻。历史发病区将中先进偏重至大发生。 相似文献
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褐色叶枯病是水稻上新发展起来的一种病害。我区从1972年起,有另星发生,近几年在临川、东乡、进贤、崇仁等县发生较普遍,一般早稻受害重于晚稻。根据我们在临川县东馆公社站上大队观察,调查结果,该病发生与流行,主要与下面几个因素有关。(一)耕作制度: 凡是年年采用稻、稻、肥耕作制的,早稻发病早而重,而实行稻、稻,油耕作制的, 相似文献
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本文从虫源、雨量等因素,探索靖西县稻瘿蚊主害代的发生条件,早稻后期无效分蘖标葱率是晚稻稻瘿蚊主害代的主要虫源。在正常气候条件下,早稻后期的标葱率与晚稻主害代标葱率呈正相关,对提高预报读虫的准确性有重要意义。 相似文献
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福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。 相似文献
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F.M. Ashton O.T. de Villiers R.K. Glenn W.B. Duke 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(2):122-141
Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate 14C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides. 相似文献
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调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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E. LIMPERT B. C. CLIFFORD A. DREISEITL R. JOHNSON K. MÜLLER A. ROELFS C. WELLINGS 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(1):109-112
A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results. 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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Magdalina I. Luzhnova Lyudmila M. Shekhtman 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(3):205-210
The effect of meturine on the light processes of photosynthesis was studied.Meturine is a herbicide for weed control in potato and cotton crops. It is a N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea.The experiments were carried out on isolated pea and spinach chloroplasts.When examining photosystem I, reduced DPIP was used as an electron donor, whereas methyl-viologen served as an electron acceptor. When examining photosystem II, DPIP represented the electron acceptor.The obtained experimental results have pointed to the absence of the effect of meturine upon the photoreaction I.Unlike N-phenyl—N′, N′-dimethylureas (CMU, DCMU) meturine has been a very weak inhibitor of photoreaction II.The authors explain the photoreaction II inhibition of chloroplasts from plants treated with herbicidal doses of meturine by conversion of N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea into Hill reaction inhibitor(s). N-Phenyl—N′-methylurea can be one of such meturine metabolites.Meturine herbicidal action is accounted for by meturine transformation into Hill reaction inhibitor(s) in the plant tissues. 相似文献
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The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献