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植酸酶提高肉鸡生长性能和磷利用率的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本研究在不同类型和有效磷水平日粮中添加植酸酶对肉用仔鸡进行生长性能和磷利用效果评定，结果表明：①不同有效磷水平日粮加植酸酶（２００～４００Ｐｕ／ｋｇ）均明显提高体增重、饲料利用率，在玉米—糠麸—菜、豆粕日粮中加植酸酶的反应受日粮有效磷水平的影响，低磷日粮加植酸酶有较大的应答；②肉鸡生长性能的改善与磷、钙、锌利用增高相关，饲喂添加植酸酶日粮的肉鸡血清磷、胫骨灰分、磷、钙、锌含量提高，植酸磷、总磷、钙的表观利用率增加；③添加植酸酶，玉米—豆粕型日粮对肉鸡增重和饲料效率未见明显改善，而玉米—糠麸—棉、豆粕型日粮对肉鸡生长性能有提高趋势；④含较高植酸磷的肉鸡日粮中添加植酸酶可减少或不添加无机磷酸盐 相似文献
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实施4个仔鸡试验和一个仔猪试验，用来研究在没有添加无机磷的玉米一豆粕日粮中添加两种商业植酸酶(Natuphos和Ronozyme)和一种试验用大肠杆菌植酸酶(ECP)＜对于磷的释放效率的作用。在一个13或14天的仔鸡试验中，用添加磷酸二氢钾的方式在基础日粮中添加四个水平的P(0％、0．05％、0．10％、0．15％)，以建立一个标准曲线，以此计算出用植酸酶处理的有效磷释放量。在各处理中，植酸酶的添加水平以植酸酶预混料的活性为基础(即在pH为5.5时从肌醇六磷酸钠中释放出磷的效率)。在所有的分析中，添加无机磷都于胫骨灰分和体重增加呈线性反应。在第一个仔鸡试验中，同添加500FTU／kgNatuphos相比，添加500 相似文献
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植酸酶对提高肉仔鸡日粮中钙、磷利用率的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将试验肉仔鸡随机分成4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复20只。Ⅰ组为不添加植酸酶的基础日粮对照组;Ⅱ组为每千克日粮添加500U植酸酶替代基础日粮中0.09%的无机磷试验组;Ⅲ组为每千克日粮添加500U植酸酶替代基础日粮中0.11%的无机磷试验组;Ⅳ组为每千克日粮添加500U植酸酶替代基础日粮中0.13%的无机磷试验组。试验按0～3周龄和4～6周龄两个阶段进行。试验结果表明:在肉仔鸡玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加0.01%的植酸酶(活性为5000U/g)替代日粮中0.12%的钙和0.11%的无机磷可显著提高肉仔鸡的生长性能,并能取得最佳的经济效益,为最适替代比例。 相似文献
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试验在低磷日粮中分别添加普通植酸酶与耐高温植酸酶,研究两种植酸酶对肉仔鸡营养物质表观消化率及胫骨灰分含量的影响。选用4 800只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为6个处理,每个处理设5个重复。试验分2期进行,1~3周和4~6周。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理1组降低基础日粮的磷水平,处理2组与处理3组分别在其基础上添加普通植酸酶500、2 000 U/kg,处理4组和处理5组分别添加耐高温植酸酶250、500 U/kg。结果表明:①当降低基础日粮中磷添加水平时,降低了磷的表观消化率;在此基础上添加500~2 000 U/kg普通植酸酶或250~500 U/kg耐热植酸酶,显著提高了磷的表观消化率,且超过了对照组,其中以250~500 U/kg耐热植酸酶与2 000 U/kg普通植酸酶效果理想。降低磷添加水平或添加不同来源植酸酶对粗蛋白质和钙的表观消化率基本没有影响;②当降低基础日粮中磷添加水平时,显著降低了胫骨灰分和磷的含量(P<0.05),同时钙含量呈降低趋势(P>0.05);在此基础上添加500~2 000 U/kg普通植酸酶或250~500 U/kg耐热植酸酶,胫骨灰分和钙、磷的含量恢复到或超出对照组水平。 相似文献
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选取280只3周龄的从雄性商品内鸡进行试验,研究玉米一豆粕型低磷饲粮中添加葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶对内鸡磷利用的影响.试验采用2×3+1设计,其中葡萄糖酸钠两个水平(0,2%),植酸酶3个水平(0,500,1000 U/kg).另设一满足NKC(1994)钙、磷需要的正常饲粮,共构成7个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复8只鸡.试验期为3-6周龄.自由采食和饮水.结果表明:与正对照组相比.低磷基础饲粮显著降低了肉仔鸡的胫骨灰分含量(P<0.001);添加2%葡萄糖酸钠显著提高了肉仔鸡的血清钙水平(P=0.035);添加植酸酶提高了肉仔鸡的钙(P=0.020)、磷表观存留率(P＝0.036)和胫骨灰分含量(P<0.001).未观察到葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶之间存在互作(P>0.05).这些结果说明,葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶均可改善后期肉鸡对磷的利用. 相似文献
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肉仔鸡低钙磷日粮添加植酸酶的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取160只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分成4组,研究在低钙、磷日粮和正常钙、磷日粮中添加植酸酶对肉仔鸡生产性能及钙、磷利用的影响。结果表明：植酸酶显著提高了肉仔鸡的日增重和采食量,并且以采食低钙、磷加酶日粮的肉仔鸡增重效果最为明显（P＜0．01）;显著降低了采食低钙、磷日粮肉仔鸡的料重比（P＜0．05）。采食低钙、磷加酶日粮肉仔鸡的胫骨灰分、钙含量和血清总钙、无机磷浓度显著提高（P＜0．05）;但采食正常钙、磷加酶日粮肉仔鸡上述胫骨与血清指标变化不大,表明植酸酶促进了肉仔鸡对低钙、磷日粮中钙和磷的吸收利用。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加不同水平植酸酶对肉仔鸡生长性能和血清生化指标的影响.选用1日龄罗斯308雏鸡360只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只鸡,且公母各半,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在对照组日粮的基础上分别添加0.01％、0.02％和0.03％的植酸酶.结果显示,饲料中添加植酸酶能增加肉仔鸡的平均日增重和平均体重,提高血清磷含量,降低血清钙浓度,但对日采食量、料重比和血清中ALP、ALB、TP、BUN、GH的含量影响不大.日粮中植酸酶添加量为0.02％和0.03％时,效果最优,且两组结果无显著差异.由此可知,日粮中添加植酸酶能有效提高肉仔鸡的生长性能,植酸酶添加量为0.02％可满足肉仔鸡的生长需要,因此推荐植酸酶(酶活为5000 U/g)在饲料中的适宜添加量为0.02％. 相似文献
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Dietary cholecalciferol and phosphorus influence intestinal mucosa phytase activity in broiler chicks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1. The role of cholecalciferol and phosphorus in the regulation of intestinal mucosa phytase was investigated in broiler chicks. 2. A total of 144 7-d-old male broiler chicks were grouped by weight into 6 blocks of 4 cages with 6 broiler chicks per cage. Four maize-soybean meal-based mash diets were randomly assigned to cages within each block. The 4 diets consisted of cholecalciferol at 0 or 75 microg/kg and total phosphorus at 3.6 or 7.0 g/kg in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The birds were given the experimental diets for 12 d under conditions which excluded ultraviolet light. 3. Broiler chicks fed on diets with the higher concentration of cholecalciferol had higher Vmax and Km of the mucosa phytase, weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and percentage tibia ash, higher ileal digestibility of dry matter, energy, phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca), and increased retention of dry matter, nitrogen, P, Ca and energy. 4. Broiler chicks receiving diets with the higher P concentration showed lower Vmax and Km of the intestinal mucosa phytase but greater weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and percentage tibia ash, higher ileal digestibility of dry matter, energy, P and nitrogen, and increased retention of dry matter, energy, nitrogen and Ca. 5. In conclusion, both dietary P and cholecalciferol influenced the activity of intestinal mucosa phytase. 相似文献
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A 24-week performance trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an experimental phytase on performance, egg quality, tibia ash content and phosphorus excretion in laying hens fed on either a maize- or a barley-based diet. At the end of the trial, an ileal absorption assay was conducted in order to determine the influence of phytase supplementation on the apparent absorption of calcium and total phosphorus (P). Each experimental diet was formulated either as a positive control containing 3.2 g/kg non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), with the addition of dicalcium phosphate (DCP), or as a low P one, without DCP addition. Both low P diets (containing 1.3 or 1.1 g/kg NPP) were supplemented with microbial phytase at 0, 150, 300 and 450 U/kg. The birds were housed in cages, allocating two hens per cage as the experimental unit. Each of 10 dietary treatments was assigned to 16 replicates. Low dietary NPP (below 1.3 g/kg) was not able to support optimum performance of hens during the laying cycle (from 22 to 46 weeks of age), either in maize or barley diets. Rate of lay, daily egg mass output, feed consumption, tibia ash percentage and weight gain were reduced in hens fed low NPP diets. The adverse effects of a low P diet were more severe in hens on a maize diet than in those on a barley diet. Low dietary NPP reduced egg production, weight gain, feed consumption and tibia ash content and microbial phytase supplementation improved these parameters. Hens given low NPP diets supplemented with phytase performed as well as the hens on positive control diets containing 3.2 g/kg of NPP. A 49% reduction of excreta P content was achieved by feeding hens on low NPP diets supplemented with phytase, without compromising performance. Phytase addition to low NPP diets increased total phosphorus absorption at the ileal level, from 0.25 to 0.51 in the maize diet and from 0.34 to 0.58 in the barley diet. Phosphorus absorption increased linearly with increasing levels of dietary phytase. Mean phosphorus absorption was higher in barley diets than in maize diets (0.49 vs 0.39). 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2008,17(4):482-489
Supplementing phytase to broiler diets has been shown to improve phytate P digestibility in commercial broilers. Broiler rations are typically pelleted to promote improved broiler performance, but high pelleting temperatures can inactivate phytase enzymes. Before the introduction of heat-stable phytase products, phytase enzymes were generally added postpelleting to limit the effect of pelleting temperature on phytase activity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate postpelleting phytase activity of 3 concentrations of 2 heat-stable phytase enzymes and their efficacy when fed to 0- to 35-d-old broilers. After pelleting the phytase-supplemented diets at 93.3°C, the retained phytase activities of the 2 enzymes were similar, suggesting equivalent heat stability. Supplementing phytase to deficient nonphytate P diets improved FCR by 3% (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the FCR of birds fed an unsupplemented deficient diet. No differences in tibia ash (TA) were detected between the 2 phytase sources; however, TA of birds fed supplemental phytase at the 2 greatest concentrations was improved (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the TA of birds fed nonphytate P-deficient diet. These results suggest that the prepelleting inclusion of heat-stable phytase enzymes may be a viable alternative to postpellet application of phytase for improving P utilization in broilers. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to eval- uate the effects of inorganic phosphorus source and phytase addition on performance, nutrient digestibility and bone mineralization in broiler chickens. In Exp. 1,150 two-day old, male broiler chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with phos- phorus provided by dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate or defluorinated rock phosphate. Five cages containing 10 birds were allotted to each of the three treatments. In Exp. 2,120 three-day old, male broiler chicks were fed the basal diet from Exp. 1 supplemen- ted with 0,250,500 ,or 1,000 P-＇rU phytase per kg of diet. Six cages containing five chicks were allotted to each of the four treatments. In Exp. 1, there was no difference in weight gain, feed intake or feed conver- sion as a result of feeding the different sources of in- organic phosphorus. The digestibility of phosphorus was significantly lower （P =0.01 ） for chicks fed di- ets supplemented with tricalcium phosphate than for chicks fed the other two diets. However, despite the lower digestibility, serum phosphorus levels did not differ among the three treatments. For Exp. 2, feedconversion showed a linear improvement （P = 0.03 ） with increasing levels of phytase inclusion （ days 0 to 33 ）. Phytase supplementation resulted in linear increa- ses in the digestibility of dry matter （P = 0.02 ）, crude protein （ P --- 0.04 ） and energy （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Chicks fed 1,000 FTU/kg phytase had significantly higher bone calcium （ P = 0.05 ） and bone breaking strength （P = 0.04 ） than chicks fed the basal diet on day 33. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that the performance of birds fed diets sup- plemented with dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phos- phate or defluorinated phosphate was similar and therefore production costs could be lowered by choo- sing the cheapest inorganic phosphorus source when formulating diets for poultry. When diets were formu- lated to meet dietary phosphorus requirements, the growth of broilers was not enhanced with phytase sup- plementation. However, increases in feed conversion and bone breaking strength and its potential to impact culling and mortality in broiler operations may be suf- ficient justification for the routine inclusion of phytase in diets fed to broilers. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inorganic phosphorus source and phytase addition on performance, nutrient digestibility and bone mineralization in broiler chickens. In Exp. 1, 150 two-day old, male broiler chicks were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with phosphorus provided by dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate or defluorinated rock phosphate. Five cages containing 10 birds were allotted to each of the three treatments. In Exp. 2, 120 three-day old, male broiler chicks were fed the basal diet from Exp. 1 supplemented with 0, 250, 500, or 1,000 FTU phytase per kg of diet. Six cages containing five chicks were allotted to each of the four treatments. In Exp. 1, there was no difference in weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion as a result of feeding the different sources of inorganic phosphorus. The digestibility of phosphorus was significantly lower (P = 0.01) for chicks fed diets supplemented with tricalcium phosphate than for chicks fed the other two diets. However, despite the lower digestibility, serum phosphorus levels did not differ among the three treatments. For Exp. 2, feed conversion showed a linear improvement (P = 0.03) with increasing levels of phytase inclusion (days 0 to 33). Phytase supplementation resulted in linear increases in the digestibility of dry matter (P = 0.02), crude protein (P = 0.04) and energy (P < 0.01). Chicks fed 1,000 FTU/kg phytase had significantly higher bone calcium (P = 0.05) and bone breaking strength (P = 0.04) than chicks fed the basal diet on day 33. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that the performance of birds fed diets supplemented with dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate or defluorinated phosphate was similar and therefore production costs could be lowered by choosing the cheapest inorganic phosphorus source when formulating diets for poultry. When diets were formulated to meet dietary phosphorus requirements, the growth of broilers was not enhanced with phytase supplementation. However, increases in feed conversion and bone breaking strength and its potential to impact culling and mortality in broiler operations may be sufficient justification for the routine inclusion of phytase in diets fed to broilers. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(2):181-187
Phytate is an antinutrient in animal feeds, reducing the availability and increasing the excretion of nutrients. Phytases are widely used to mitigate the negative influences of phytate. This trial was designed to compare the efficacy of 2 Escherichia coli-derived phytases on broiler performance and bone ash as influenced by dietary phytate level. A total of 1,024 Arbor Acres male broilers were used with 8 replicate pens of 16 birds/pen. Experimental diets were based on low available phosphorus (avP; 1.8 g/kg) with low (6.40 g/kg) or high (10.65 g/kg) phytate. The low-avP diets were then supplemented with mono-dicalcium phosphate to increase the avP level to 4.5 g/kg, 500 phytase units/kg of phytase A, or 500 phytase units/kg of phytase B to create 8 experimental diets. Feed intake, BW gain, FCR, and livability were influenced by a P source × phytase interaction. Feed intake, BW gain, and livability were reduced and FCR was higher in broilers fed low-avP diets, particularly in the presence of high phytate. Phytase A or phytase B improved feed intake, BW gain, and FCR, particularly in the high-phytate diet. However, broilers fed phytase A ate more and were heavier than broilers fed phytase B. Tibia ash was lowest in broilers fed the low-avP diet and highest in broilers fed the diet supplemented with mono-dicalcium phosphate. Phytase increased tibia ash, and broilers fed phytase A had an increase in tibia ash compared with broilers fed phytase B. In conclusion, high dietary phytate reduced broiler performance. Phytase A and phytase B improved bone ash and growth performance, especially in the high-phytate diets. However, phytase A was more efficacious than phytase B, regardless of the level of phytate. 相似文献
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研究了3个不同品牌的微生物植酸酶在两个不同磷酸氢钙添加水平（0.44%和0.77%）下对肉仔鸡生产性能和钙磷消化率的影响。试验结果表明：与正常磷酸氢钙添加水平（1.1%）的对照组相比,降低磷酸氢钙用量并添加植酸酶后肉仔鸡的采食量和日增重与对照组接近,饲料转化率有一定提高,死淘率和腿病发生率与对照组差异不显著。降低磷酸氢钙用量并添加植酸酶能够一定程度的提高肉仔鸡对灰分的消化利用率（P＞0.05）,显著提高磷的消化利用率（P＜0.05）,并大幅提高24日龄肉仔鸡的钙表观消化率（P＜0.01）,小幅提高42日龄肉仔鸡的钙表观消化率（P＞0.05）, 不同品牌植酸酶的作用效果存在一定差异。 相似文献
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1. The influence of a microbial phytase on the performance, toe ash contents and nutrient utilisation of male broilers fed diets based on maize and wheat was investigated. The experiment was conducted as 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Within the factorial, two diet types (maize-soy or wheat-soy) containing two levels of non-phytate phosphorus (3.0 or 4.5 g/kg) were evaluated and each level of non-phytate phosphorus was supplemented with 0 or 500 PU phytase/kg diet. Each of the 8 dietary treatments were fed to 6 pens of 8 birds from d 1 to 21 post-hatching. 2. Main effects of diet type and phytase were observed for all parameters. Main effect of non-phytate phosphorus was significant only for feed/gain and toe ash contents. Phytase addition improved weight gains irrespective of diet type or non-phytate phosphorus level, but the magnitude of improvement in the phosphorus-deficient wheat-soy diet was greater, resulting in a diet type x non-phytate phosphorus interaction. Responses in toe ash contents were noted only in phosphorus-deficient diets, as indicated by a non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interaction. 3. Phytase addition improved apparent metabolisable energy values of wheat-based diets, but had little effect on the apparent metabolisable energy of maize-based diets as shown by a diet type x phytase interaction. The apparent metabolisable energy was not influenced by dietary non-phytate P. 4. Phytase improved ileal nitrogen digestibility in both diet types, but the responses to added phytase tended to be higher in wheat-based diets, as shown by a diet type x phytase interaction. 5. Increasing the dietary non-phytate phosphorus level reduced phosphorus digestibility and increased excreta phosphorus content. Addition of phytase improved phosphorus digestibility, but the increments were higher in low phosphorus diets resulting in a non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interaction. Phytase addition tended to lower the excreta phosphorus content, but the effects were greater in birds fed low phosphorus diets, as shown by a non-phytate phosphorus x phytase interaction. 相似文献
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E. A. MARTIN 《British poultry science》1998,39(5):612-621
1. Ducklings were given diets with vegetable protein (VP) and 0 or 600 g rice bran/kg; fish meal (60 g/kg) and a phytase (+,-) were added to the diets (VP + AP). An additional 40 g soyabean meal/kg was added to the diet with rice bran (VP ++). Amino acid digestibility and mineral retention were measured in the lower ileum of ducklings killed at 23 d of age. Acid insoluble ash was used as an inert marker. Trypsin and amylase activities were also measured and weights of the pancreas and small intestine recorded at slaughter. 2. Addition of soyabean meal (VP ++) to the diet with rice bran improved growth rate and food intake compared to the diet without (VP) and gave the same food intake and growth rate as the comparable basal diet (VP) without rice bran. Fish meal improved growth rate on the diets without rice bran and improved food intake on this diet (VP + AP). Rice bran depressed growth rate and food conversion ratio (FCR); protein source affected growth rate, food intake and FCR; phytase increased food intake only. There were several interactions. 3. Determined total amino acid composition of the diets appeared to meet the essential amino acid requirements of ducklings. Rice bran depressed the ileal digestibility of virtually all amino acids and phytase had no direct effect, although there were interactions. Fish meal addition to diets with rice bran improved the apparent digestibility of several essential amino acids as well as that of dry matter and crude protein. 4. Ileal retention of some minerals and tibia ash content were reduced by rice bran. Fish meal and phytase inclusion increased P retention and ash in tibia. 5. Higher intestinal trypsin activity and increased pancreas size were seen in ducklings on diets with rice bran compared to those without. Intestinal amylase activity was reduced in ducklings given rice bran, probably because of its low starch content. 6. The stimulating effect of fish meal on duckling performance was probably caused in part by the improvement in the digestibility of some amino acids. The addition of small amounts of minerals in fish meal may have increased mineral retention. Phytase gave benefits anticipated from our previous work, but also improved lysine and threonine digestibility in diets containing vegetable protein only. 相似文献