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《中国渔业质量与标准》2017,(6)
水产品过敏是常见的食物过敏之一。伴随着水产品消费量的增加,由食用水产品引起过敏的患者数量出现了递增趋势。为了避免水产品过敏原在加工过程中发生交叉污染,水产品企业纷纷在危害分析及关键控制点(HACCP)中增加了对过敏原的控制措施。行业主管部门也相继规范了水产品过敏原的安全管理措施以保障敏感消费者的食用安全。文章主要从水产品中主要过敏原对消费者健康的影响、过敏原的来源、过敏原的评价方法等方面对水产品中过敏原的危害性进行了分析。在此基础上,建议从完善检测技术、管理体系,加强信息管理、风险评估以及提高消费者认知等方面,推进水产品过敏原的食用安全管理工作。 相似文献
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《中国渔业质量与标准》2015,(5)
近年来食物引起的过敏性疾病发病率持续增高,严重影响了人们的生活质量。水产品是中国主要的致敏性食物,且东部沿海地区过敏发病率较高。已发现的水产食物过敏原有小清蛋白(parvalbumin)、原肌球蛋白(tropomyosin)、精氨酸激酶(arginine kinase)、肌钙结合蛋白(sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein)、肌球蛋白轻链(myosin light chain)、肌钙蛋白C(troponin C)和磷酸丙糖异构酶(triosephosphate isomerase)等。水产食物过敏反应存在免疫交叉性,过敏原的抗原表位是引发过敏反应的基础,表位组成和空间构型等特征决定了抗原的特异性。本文着重对国内外水产食物过敏原及其抗原表位的研究现状进行了概述,以期为水产食物过敏疾病诊断治疗和低致敏性食品开发提供指导。 相似文献
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元旦．春竹期间车虾商品虾的活体价格往往是捕捞季节的1．5倍～2倍，利用虾蟹育苗室进行车虾暂养既丰富市场供应，又可取得较好的经济效益，因而近年来受到不少人的重视。但由于需较高的投入，掌握不好．虾易死亡．存在较大风险。降低死亡率，提高成活率是暂养车虾取得较好效益的主要措施，为此应做好以下几点。 相似文献
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“狂游症”（Franticdisease）是目前我国欧鳗养殖中主要病害之一。在广东、福建、江苏等主要养殖区危害十分严重，已引起各界的关注。现就笔者在实践中所积累的病案与对策体会，撰文供参考。1危害情况及流行特点调查中发现，本病发病快，蔓延迅速，呈暴发性。一般精养池发病率20％～80％，死亡率高达90％，且死亡时间短，一般15～20天整池鳗死亡；土池发病率10％～40％，死亡率70％左右，死亡时间较长，一般为1至2个月。本病通常在个别池发生，然后传播至相邻地，进而引起整个养殖场鳗鱼发病。该病在养殖各期均有发生，但主要危害黑仔和幼… 相似文献
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食品过敏是人体免疫系统的特殊反应，因个体差异而有很大的不同。国际食品过敏源和过敏性反应网络（FAAN）是非营利性的网络交流组织，据该组织的调查，大约有92％的过敏反应是由鱼虾、贝类、奶或奶制品、蛋品、大豆、花生、果仁及花粉类等8类食品中的蛋白质引起的，其余8％是由其它物质引起。因此，重视食品过敏源的标识，在食品标笺中注明并警示可能引起过敏反应的人群对之予以注意是非常必要的。 相似文献
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如东县新店乡深河村周某，新桥村张某，三角渡村吴某等养蟹户，听人介绍说用除草剂（五氯酚钠）清除虾蟹池塘中的野杂鱼效果很好。因此，这些养殖户想方设法购买这种药物，先后在自己的池塘中清除杂鱼。结果这些养殖户都造成了不同程度的虾蟹死亡现象。其中有一户青虾全部中毒死亡，河蟹也相继中毒死亡，损失惨重。因为五氯酚钠是一种毒性很强的药物。过去有些鱼种养殖户用它来清塘，一般用药后10～15分钟野杂鱼类就会中毒死亡。它的药效长达20多天。其实虾蟹池塘使用此药是很不科学的。无论用量的多少．虾蟹都会造成不同程度的中毒死亡。严… 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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