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1.
锰、水杨酸与内生真菌互作对醉马草种子萌发的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究通过纸上芽床发芽试验,明确不同浓度的Mn处理对带(E+)与不带内生真菌(E-)醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians)种子萌发的抑制作用以及外源水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA)对Mn胁迫的缓解作用。结果表明,与添加Mn处理相比,E+醉马草种子发芽率和发芽指数均显著(P<0.05)高于E-醉马草种子,随着Mn处理浓度的增大,E+醉马草种子的萌发率均显著降低(P<0.05),而E-醉马草种子发芽率和发芽指数无显著差异;随着Mn处理浓度的增加,E+和E-醉马草根长均呈明显的下降趋势,而芽长无显著差异;在外源SA各处理浓度下,E+醉马草根长均显著(P<0.05)高于E-醉马草根长,在10mg·L-1Mn处理液中分别添加不同浓度的外源SA,结果显示外源SA对Mn处理具有缓解作用。综上所述,内生真菌本身影响醉马草种子的萌发,重金属胁迫对醉马草种子萌发具有一定的抑制作用,而外源SA可以适当地缓解这一胁迫。  相似文献   

2.
以青海和四川6个不同地理种群内生真菌侵染(E+)和未侵染的(E-)中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)为材料,研究其对多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)品种维纳斯(Venus)和绅士(Esquire)种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:与对照相比, Venusl发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、种子活力指数、胚根长在种群99、141草粉处理下均显著下降(P0.05), Esquire发芽势、发芽指数、种子活力指数在种群41和99草粉处理下均显著下降(P0.05);同一地理种群84草粉处理Esquire,E+的发芽势和发芽指数显著低于E-(P0.05),种群41草粉处理E+的总生物量显著低于E-(P0.05);在相同处理下, Venusl品种的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、种子活力指数和胚芽长显著低于Esquire品种的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、种子活力指数和胚芽长,说明内生真菌能够影响黑麦草的萌发,且不同地理种群对其种子萌发作用不同,中华羊茅草粉对Venus的抑制作用更强,E+草粉的抑制作用强于E-。  相似文献   

3.
内生真菌发酵液浸种对干旱胁迫下黑麦草种子萌发的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为了探究离体Epichlo?内生真菌对萌发期多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)种子抗旱性的影响。本研究以醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians)内生真菌(Epichlo3gansuensis)、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)雀麦内生真菌(E.bromicola)和中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)内生真菌(Epichlo?sp.)3种禾草内生真菌发酵液对多年生黑麦草种子进行浸种,采用纸上发芽法(TP)测定不同浓度PEG处理下种子萌发指标。结果表明:随PEG浓度的增大,黑麦草种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均逐渐降低,幼苗苗长和幼苗含水量逐渐减小,种子霉变率先增大后减小,根系长度均在-0.6 MPa时达到最大值。PEG浓度在~(-1).2 MPa时,种子萌发活力丧失。相与无浸种对照相比,内生真菌发酵液浸种可显著(P0.05)促进黑麦草种子的萌发、幼苗和根的生长,有效降低种子的霉变率。醉马草内生真菌发酵液浸种下,多年生黑麦草种子发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗含水量、幼苗苗长和根系长度大于披碱草和中华羊茅浸种。综上所述,内生真菌发酵液对干旱胁迫下黑麦草种子的萌发具有一定的促进作用,且3种发酵液中,醉马草内生真菌发酵液抗旱效果比较明显。  相似文献   

4.
本研究以Epichloё属内生真菌侵染(E+)和未被侵染(E-)的醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians)生物碱提取液为材料,测定其对麦角菌(Clavieps purpurea)、德氏霉(Drechslera erythrospila)、燕麦镰孢(Fusarium avenaceum)、根腐离蠕孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana)、新月弯孢(Curvularia lunata)、半裸镰孢(Fusarium semitectum)、腐皮镰孢(Fusarium solani)和细交链孢(Alternaria alternata)8种植物病原真菌菌落生长和孢子萌发的抑制率,明确醉马草生物碱提取液的抑菌活性。高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测结果发现,E+醉马草提取液中含有麦角新碱和麦角酰胺两种生物碱,其浓度分别为26.178和369.074 mg·kg-1,而E-醉马草提取液中不含这两种生物碱。不同浓度的E+和E-醉马草提取液对供试植物病原真菌的菌落繁殖和孢子萌发均具有不同程度的抑制作用,E+对真菌菌落生长的抑制率要大于E-,其中对腐皮镰孢菌落生长和孢子萌发的抑制率最大,分别达到63%和57%。生物碱提取液浓度与供试真菌孢子萌发抑制率呈显著正相关(P0.05)。内生真菌的侵染提高了醉马草提取液的抑菌活性,共生体中含有生物碱成分,具体的抑菌机制和机理有待后续研究。  相似文献   

5.
醉马草所携带的内生真菌能促进共生体的生长和提高共生体的生物与非生物逆境抗性。在温室栽培条件[温度:(25±2)℃;湿度:37.7%～48.3%]下,以来自甘肃榆中的醉马草种质资源,栽培E+、E-幼苗后分别喷施200和400 mg·L~(-1)浓度茉莉酮酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MJ)以模拟昆虫的取食,测定了醉马草的生理生化指标。结果发现:与对照相比,外源喷施MJ能够诱导醉马草幼苗可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量显著(P0.05)降低,总酚含量显著(P0.05)增加。MJ处理对E+和E-醉马草防御能力的诱导有所不同,对于E-醉马草,MJ处理显著提高了其防御酶多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性;而对于E+醉马草,MJ处理显著(P0.05)增加胰蛋白酶抑制剂的活力。表明MJ处理对内生真菌侵染的醉马草主要通过降低可溶性糖含量、增加总酚含量以及提高体内蛋白酶抑制剂活性等途径来降低宿主植物的适口性,从而抑制植食性昆虫的取食,对其抗虫性有增益效应。  相似文献   

6.
禾谷缢管蚜与内生真菌互作对醉马草幼苗的生理影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  
通过测定一系列生理变化指标,研究人工接种条件下禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphumpadi (L.))对带内生真菌(E+)与不带菌(E-)醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng)幼苗的影响.结果表明:在一定时期内,禾谷缢管蚜刺吸可使醉马草幼苗叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量显著降低(P<0.05),同一个虫口密度E+与E-植株之间差异显著(P<0.05);幼苗体内SOD活性和POD活性均随危害时间的延长而显著升高(P<0.05),同一个虫口密度E+与E-植株之间差异显著(P<0.05);接种蚜虫可使MDA和游离脯氨酸的含量显著提高(P<0.05),同一个虫口密度内E+与E-植株之间差异显著(P<0.05).综上所述,内生真菌的侵染可以在一定程度上间接影响禾谷缢管蚜取食,进而影响醉马草幼苗生理生化的变化.  相似文献   

7.
醉马草所携带的内生真菌能促进共生体的生长和提高共生体的生物与非生物逆境抗性。在温室栽培条件[温度:(25±2) ℃;湿度:37.7%~48.3%]下,以来自甘肃榆中的醉马草种质资源,栽培E+、E-幼苗后分别喷施200和400 mg·L-1浓度茉莉酮酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MJ)以模拟昆虫的取食,测定了醉马草的生理生化指标。结果发现:与对照相比,外源喷施MJ能够诱导醉马草幼苗可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量显著(P<0.05)降低,总酚含量显著(P<0.05)增加。MJ处理对E+和E-醉马草防御能力的诱导有所不同,对于E-醉马草,MJ处理显著提高了其防御酶多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性;而对于E+醉马草,MJ处理显著(P<0.05)增加胰蛋白酶抑制剂的活力。表明MJ处理对内生真菌侵染的醉马草主要通过降低可溶性糖含量、增加总酚含量以及提高体内蛋白酶抑制剂活性等途径来降低宿主植物的适口性,从而抑制植食性昆虫的取食,对其抗虫性有增益效应。  相似文献   

8.
醉马草内生真菌对3种草坪草种子与种苗的化感效应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
杨松  黄玺  柴青  李春杰  南志标 《草地学报》2010,18(1):78-83,88
于2008年通过种子萌发法和盆栽法研究了醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians Keng.)内生真菌(Neotyphodium gansuense Li & Nan)对多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)、高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)和草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)3种草坪草化感作用的影响。结果表明:在种子萌发试验中,醉马草草粉对3种草坪草的生长均有一定的抑制作用,而且内生真菌显著增强了醉马草草粉对多年生黑麦草发芽率和对草地早熟禾发芽率、芽长的抑制作用(P<0.05);显著降低了醉马草对多年生黑麦草的胚根长、芽长、芽重和对高羊茅的发芽率、芽长的抑制作用(P<0.05)。在盆栽试验中,醉马草草粉对3种草坪草的生长均有一定的促进作用,而且内生真菌显著增强了醉马草对多年生黑麦草的初期出苗率,对高羊茅的初期出苗率、苗长和对草地早熟禾的出苗率的促进作用(P<0.05)。因此,内生真菌增强了醉马草对3种草坪草的化感效应。  相似文献   

9.
为研究内生真菌对醉马草白粉病抗性的影响,在温室条件下,对自然发生不同程度白粉病(健康、轻度感病和重度感病植株)的带内生真菌(E+)和不带内生真菌(E-)的醉马草植株的发病率、病叶率、病情指数及各项生理生化指标进行测定。结果表明,E+醉马草的发病率48%显著低于E-醉马草的发病率97%(P0.05),E+的病叶率60%显著低于E-醉马草病叶率86%(P0.05),E+醉马草的病情指数为50.76,E-醉马草的病情指数为82.49;通过各项生理生化指标的测定发现与健康植株相比,在轻度和重度发病植株中,内生真菌的存在可以显著(P0.05)提高醉马草叶片的叶绿素含量和脯氨酸含量,E+醉马草的SOD酶活性和POD酶活性也显著高于E-醉马草,同时内生真菌显著地降低了醉马草叶片中丙二醛(MDA)的含量。据此说明内生真菌的存在能够提高醉马草抗白粉病的能力。  相似文献   

10.
李娜娜  赵玉凤  夏超  钟睿  张兴旭 《草业科学》2016,33(7):1306-1314
以中国西北天然草原的常见有毒植物——醉马草(Achnatherum inebrians)为研究材料,进行了内吸式杀菌剂——70%甲基托布津(thiophanate methyl)对醉马草种传内生真菌灭菌活性及种子萌发和幼苗生长影响的研究。结果表明,100倍甲基托布津可100%杀灭醉马草种传内生真菌,但该处理会显著降低(P0.05)醉马草幼苗的发芽指数,而对其它测量指标不造成显著影响(P0.05);其次为200倍药剂浸泡处理6 h,内生真菌杀灭率仅为61.2%,该处理种子发芽和幼苗生长与100倍药剂处理相比差异显著(P0.05)。因此,若不考虑对种子发芽指数造成的影响,甲基托布津稀释100倍、浸种2 h为剔除醉马草种传内生真菌的最佳方法。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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