首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
BACKGROUND: Chronic renal failure is complicated by secondary hyperparathyroidism, which traditionally has been controlled by dietary restriction of phosphorus and administration of phosphorus binders. Early treatment of patients with chronic renal failure with calcitriol may be indicated because once established, parathyroid gland hyperplasia does not readily resolve with therapy. HYPOTHESIS: Daily and intermittent dosing of calcitriol will decrease plasma parathyroid hormone concentration in normal cats and cats with chronic renal failure without causing ionized hypercalcemia. ANIMALS: Ten normal cats; 10 cats with chronic renal failure. METHODS: Phase 1 was daily calcitriol administration (2.5 ng/kg PO q24h) for 14 days. Phase 2 was intermittent calcitriol administration (8.75 ng/kg PO q84h) for 14 days. A 7-day washout period separated phases 1 and 2. Before each phase, calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, and ionized calcium concentrations were measured. On days 1, 2, and 3 of both phases, serum ionized calcium concentrations were measured. On the last day of both phases, calcitriol, parathyroid hormone, and ionized calcium concentrations were measured 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours after calcitriol administration. RESULTS: Overall, serum parathyroid hormone concentrations were significantly higher in cats with chronic renal failure than in normal cats (P = .022), but serum parathyroid hormone concentrations for both normal cats and cats with chronic renal failure were not significantly different before and after 14 days of treatment with calcitriol, regardless of whether calcitriol was administered daily or intermittently. Adverse effects of calcitriol administration (specifically ionized hypercalcemia) were not seen in either feline group during either phase of the study over the 3-day evaluation after calcitriol administration was initiated. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: At the dosages used, calcitriol treatment did not result in significant differences in serum parathyroid hormone concentrations before and after treatment in both normal cats and cats with chronic renal failure. With these dosages, adverse affects of calcitriol administration were not seen. Potential reasons for lack of apparent effect include small sample size, insufficient duration of study, insufficient dosage of calcitriol, problems with formulation or administration of calcitriol, and variable gastrointestinal absorption of calcitriol.  相似文献   

2.
A 1.5-year-old ferret examined because of seizures was found to have low serum calcium, high serum phosphorus, and extremely high serum parathyroid hormone concentrations. Common causes of these abnormalities, including nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, chronic renal secondary hyperparathyroidism, tumor lysis syndrome, and hypomagnesemia, were ruled out, and a tentative diagnosis of pseudohypoparathyroidism was made. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a hereditary condition in people that, to our knowledge, has not been identified in ferrets previously and is caused by a lack of response to high serum parathyroid hormone concentrations, rather than a deficiency of this hormone. The ferret improved after treatment with dihydrotachysterol (a vitamin D analog) and calcium carbonate. It was still doing well after 3.5 years of continued treatment.  相似文献   

3.
骨代谢包括骨形成和骨吸收两个过程。甲状旁腺激素是骨形成和骨重建过程中一个重要的调节因子,甲状旁腺激素通过G蛋白偶联受体、甲状旁腺激素/甲状旁腺激素相关肽受体的活动调节骨代谢。近年来甲状旁腺激素显著的临床效果,为骨骼合成代谢药物在骨质疏松症的治疗上开辟了一个新时代。作者主要综述了甲状旁腺激素在骨代谢中的作用机制及相关调控基因的作用。  相似文献   

4.
Hypoadrenocorticism is a well-described endocrinopathy in dogs that results from deficient production and secretion of glucocorticoids and/or mineralocorticoids. Although hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia and hypochloraemia are the most common electrolyte disturbances, hypercalcaemia also occurs in approximately 30 per cent of cases. The pathogenesis of hypercalcaemia in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism is unknown. This case series reports ionised calcium, parathyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone-related protein and vitamin D metabolite concentrations that were measured in eight dogs with concurrent hypercalcaemia and hypoadrenocorticism. Ionised calcium was increased in five of seven dogs with hypercalcaemia associated with hypoadrenocorticism. Parathyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone-related protein and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were within their reference ranges in seven of eight dogs, six of seven cases and six of seven dogs, respectively. This case series highlights that hypercalcaemia associated with hypoadrenocorticism is rarely associated with increases in plasma parathyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone-related protein or serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations.  相似文献   

5.
Functional analysis of ectopic parathyroid activity in cats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The ability of ectopic parathyroid tissue to support calcium homeostasis was evaluated by measuring serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, albumin, magnesium, and parathyroid hormone before and for 12 weeks after bilateral thyroparathyroidectomy in 14 cats. During the immediate postoperative period, significant decrease was observed in serum calcium, magnesium, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. Serum PTH concentration remained subnormal and did not significantly increase during the 12-week observation period. Despite persistent hypoparathyroidism, serum calcium and magnesium concentrations gradually increased. Ectopic parathyroid tissue is not capable of maintaining normal serum calcium concentration immediately after thyroparathyroidectomy. Serum calcium concentration gradually normalizes after thyroparathyroidectomy, apparently by means of a PTH-independent mechanism.  相似文献   

6.
Serum from dogs with surgically induced renal impairment was incorporated into the medium for erythroid bone marrow cultures. A significant correlation was found between serum activities of erythropoietin and numbers of erythroid colony-forming units grown in culture. Serum creatinine concentrations had no correlation, and serum parathyroid hormone activities had a negative correlation with numbers of erythroid colony-forming units that was below the level of significance. Purified 1-84 parathyroid hormone added to bone marrow cultures was found to be stimulatory to erythroid colony-forming unit growth in higher concentrations, but decreased the number of burst-forming units. Unmeasured substances in the canine serum appeared to have a greater effect on the canine erythroid bone marrow cultures than did creatinine or parathyroid hormone values.  相似文献   

7.
The three calcitropic hormones, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and calcitonin are together responsible for calcium homeostasis in the mammal. Feline PTH is an 84 amino acid, single chain polypeptide with a molecular weight of 9449, which is secreted by the parathyroid glands. The principle secretagogue for PTH is a low plasma ionised calcium concentration, although both 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and phosphate have significant roles in regulating PTH secretion. The ability to accurately measure circulating PTH in the cat has simplified the evaluation of disorders of calcium metabolism in this species. In primary parathyroid disorders the lesion is located within the parathyroid gland, with parathyroid secretion being inappropriate to the prevailing mineral balance. By contrast, in secondary conditions a pathological state out with the parathyroid gland alters mineral homeostasis and the parathyroid gland responds in an appropriate manner. The measurement of circulating PTH may then be used to determine if PTH secretion is appropriate to the prevailing calcium concentrations to differentiate primary from secondary disorders. Although primary hyper and hypoparathyroidism are generally considered rare endocrine conditions of the cat, the ability to measure PTH has led to their increasing recognition.  相似文献   

8.
Selective parathyroidectomy (PTX) is preferred to thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) when specific effects of parathyroid hormone depletion are being studied. However, because of the anatomic proximity of thyroid and parathyroid glands, TPTX often is performed, leaving animals depleted of thyroxine (T4) and calcitonin as well as parathyroid hormone (PTH). In the present study, six normal dogs had parathyroid tissue and about seven-eighths of thyroid tissue removed. This quantity of thyroid tissue was inadequate to maintain normal serum T4 concentrations, despite allowance of 168 days for thyroid recovery. Five of six dogs with reduced renal mass had successful selective PTX and normal serum T4 concentrations at 28 days, when one-half or more of thyroid tissue was spared. We conclude that with attention to the surgical technique, selective PTX can be achieved in a high percentage of dogs and sufficient thyroid tissue spared to maintain euthyroidism.  相似文献   

9.
Primary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed in two German shepherd pups from a litter of four females. Clinical signs were apparent by two weeks of age and included stunted growth, muscular weakness, and polydipsia/polyuria. Radiography revealed diffuse reduction in bone density. Both pups had marked hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, increased plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations and increased fractional clearance of inorganic phosphate in the urine. Intravenous infusion of one affected pup with calcium gluconate failed to suppress the plasma concentration of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, suggesting autonomous secretion of parathyroid hormone. Necropsy of the other pup at eight weeks of age revealed diffuse hyperplasia of parathyroid chief cells, nodular hyperplasia of thyroid C-cells, skeletal alterations consistent with fibrous osteodystrophy, hypercalcemic nephropathy, and extensive mineralization of the lungs and gastric mucosa. The dam and sire were half sibs. One male pup from a previous litter of six had developed similar clinical signs and radiographic lesions, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. This is the first report of hereditary primary hyperparathyroidism in domestic animals, a disease which may be analogous to hereditary neonatal primary hyperparathyroidism in children.  相似文献   

10.
To describe the treatment of a subchondral bone cyst in the proximal phalanx with parathyroid hormone peptide-enriched fibrin hydrogel in a warmblood filly. The cyst was localized with computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery, then curetted and finally filled with parathyroid hormone fragment peptide 1-34 (PTH(1-34)) covalently attached to a fibrin hydrogel. The cyst healed quickly without any complications. This result supports the hypothesis that PTH(1-34) delivered locally in a fibrin hydrogel may improve the postoperative prognosis of surgical management of subchondral bone cysts in horses. Subchondral bone cysts are fairly common in horses. Especially in older horses, the prognosis is poor, even after surgical curettage. Therefore, different management protocols have been investigated in conjunction with surgical curettage to improve prognosis. Locally delivered PTH(1-34) seems to be a new method in the treatment of subchondral bone cysts.  相似文献   

11.
Hyperparathyroid disorders were diagnosed in four dogs: one had primary hyperparathyroidism, characterized by parathyroid adenoma and hyper-calcaemia; one had renal secondary hyperparathyroidism, characterized by parathyroid gland hyperplasia, hypocalcaemia and renal failure; and two had cancer-associated hyperparathyroidism (pseudohyperpara-thyroidism), characterized by the presence of neoplasia, parathyroid gland atrophy, hypercalcaemia and absence of skeletal metastases. Significant clinicopathologic findings included serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH), presence or absence of parathyroid and bone lesions, and the presence of non-parathyroid neoplasia.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasonographically guided radiofrequency heat ablation of parathyroid masses in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism. DESIGN: Clinical trial. ANIMALS: 11 dogs. PROCEDURE: In all dogs, either 1 or 2 parathyroid masses were evident ultrasonographically. Dogs were anesthetized, and a 20-gauge over-the-needle catheter was directed into the parathyroid mass via ultrasonographic guidance. Radiofrequency heat was applied to the stylet of the catheter until there was sonographically apparent change to the entire parenchyma of the mass. Serum total and ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations were monitored daily for 5 days after the ablation procedure and again at 1, 2, and 3-month intervals, if possible. Dogs were monitored for adverse effects. RESULTS: One treatment was required in 6 dogs, 2 treatments were required in 2 dogs, and treatment was unsuccessful in 3 dogs. Serum total and ionized calcium concentrations were within reference ranges within 2 days of the last procedure in all 8 successfully treated dogs. Serum parathyroid hormone concentration was decreased 24 hours after treatment in all 8 dogs. Hypocalcemia developed in 5 of the 8 successfully treated dogs, all of which required treatment. One dog had a transient voice change. Other adverse effects were not reported. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ultrasonographically guided radiofrequency heat ablation of parathyroid masses is a safe and effective alternative to surgery in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism.  相似文献   

13.
The plasma concentrations of total calcium, ionised calcium, albumin, parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrp) were measured in 25 dogs with lymphoma, nine dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism and seven dogs with adenocarcinoma of the apocrine gland of the anal sac. Plasma total calcium, ionised calcium, albumin and parathyroid hormone-related protein were measured in 18 clinically normal control dogs. The concentration of PTHrp was high in 12 of the 14 dogs that were hypercalcaemic because of an underlying malignancy but was within the reference range in all the control dogs, in the 17 normocalcaemic dogs with lymphoma and in the seven dogs which were hypercalcaemic because of a parathyroid adenoma.  相似文献   

14.
骨源性激素成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)介导由甲状旁腺、肾脏、骨骼和维生素D组成的负反馈回路,建立"骨骼-肾脏-甲状旁腺"内分泌轴,参与骨矿物质代谢并发挥重要作用。钙、磷、铁、维生素D、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR)/FGF以及蛋白质翻译后修饰调控FGF23的分泌、活性和胞内过程。随着深入的研究,探索出了一些以FGF23为靶点治疗骨矿物质代谢障碍疾病的新疗法。本文综述了FGF23在骨矿物质代谢中的作用及其调控机理的研究进展,以期为相关研究提供参考依据。  相似文献   

15.
Fanconi's Syndrome in a Dog With Primary Hypoparathyroidism   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
An 11 -year-old castrated male mixed breed dog was referred for evaluation of muscle twitching, polyuria, polydipsia, anorexia, and periocular alopecia. Primary hypoparathyroidism was diagnosed by documenting decreased serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium. Neurological, gastrointestinal, and dermatological signs resolved after calcium repletion. Initially, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalcif erol PO was required to correct the hypocalcemia. Dihydrotachysterol, in combination with oral calcium supplementation, was used for long-term maintenance of normal serum calcium concentration. Aminoaciduria, glucosuria, and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis were consistent with a diagnosis of Fanconi's syndrome. This diagnosis was further supported by the presence of hypokalemia and increased urinary fractional excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Renal tubular dysfunction resolved after oral supplementation with calcium and vitamin D3. Fanconi's syndrome in this dog may have been caused by decreased serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, which was secondary to decreased parathyroid hormone production.  相似文献   

16.
Study of calcium homeostasis in feline hyperthyroidism   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Thirty cats with untreated hyperthyroidism were blood sampled and their calcium homeosta-tic mechanisms and renal function assessed. The results were compared with those obtained from 38 age-matched control cats. The hyperthyroid group of cats were found to have significantly lower blood ionised calcium and plasma creatinine concentrations and significantly higher plasma phosphate and parathyroid hormone concentrations. Hyperparathyroidism occurred in 77 per cent of hyperthyroid cats, with parathyroid hormone concentrations reaching up to 19 times the upper limit of the normal range. The aetiology, significance and reversibility of hyperparathyroidism in feline hyperthyroidism remains to be established but could have important implications for both bone strength and renal function.  相似文献   

17.
Canine primary hyperparathyroidism and its association with urolithiasis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Primary hyperparathyroidism results from autonomous secretion of parathyroid hormone by a single or multiple parathyroid glands. Clinical signs result from various combinations of hypercalcemia, hypercalcemic nephropathy, urolithiasis, or mobilization of calcium and phosphorus from bone. Following parathyroidectomy, the prognosis for dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism is good if the disorder is diagnosed before renal disease is advanced.  相似文献   

18.
Objectives : To compare serum vitamin D metabolites and plasma parathyroid hormone concentrations in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and normal albumin concentration, dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and hypoalbuminaemia, healthy dogs and hospitalised ill dogs with non‐gastrointestinal illness. Methods : Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured in 36 healthy dogs, 49 hospitalised ill dogs with non‐gastrointestinal illnesses, 21 dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and normoalbuminaemia and 12 dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and hypoalbuminaemia. Plasma parathyroid hormone and ionised calcium concentrations were measured in a subset of these dogs. Results : Concentrations of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D were lower in hypoalbuminaemic dogs with inflammatory bowel disease than in the healthy dogs (P<0·001), hospitalised ill dogs (P<0·001) and normoalbuminaemic dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (P<0·001). Dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and hypoalbuminaemia had a higher plasma concentration of parathyroid hormone (P<0·01) and lower plasma concentration of ionised calcium (P<0·001) than hospitalised ill dogs. Dogs with inflammatory bowel disease had a positive correlation between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and serum albumin (P<0·0001), serum calcium (P<0·0001) and plasma ionised calcium (P<0·0005) concentrations. Clinical Significance : Dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and hypoalbuminaemia frequently have ionised hypocalcaemia, high parathyroid hormone and low serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Further studies are indicated to establish the pathogenesis of this disease complication as well as therapeutic strategies to reverse this state.  相似文献   

19.
Blood levels of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, osteocalcin, intact parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, alkaline phosphatase activity, creatinine and thyroid hormones were estimated in 10 healthy buffalo during late pregnancy (30, 15 days and 7 days before calving), within 12 h after calving and 7-15-30-45 and 60 days after calving. The almost constant serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, and the low calcitonin concentration indicate that these buffalo need to utilize only a little of their endogenous mineral resources. Bone-turnover could be demonstrated by variations in the serum levels of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase activity. A study of these bone markers could be useful for other research purposes and for future clinical application in pathological conditions.  相似文献   

20.
Because of the diverse nature of endocrine organs, and their vast range of physiologic functions, endocrine tumors encompass a wide range of origination sites and disease entities. The clinical picture of affected individuals is highly dependent on the tissue of origin, and the presence or absence of functional hormone secretions. Identification, localization, and therapeutic strategies, as well as prognosis can vary greatly. Many endocrine tumors have been described in human as well as veterinary patients. This article focuses on endocrine tumors of dogs and cats. Various tumors affecting the pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pituitary glands are described, including insulinoma, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, and thyroid carcinoma, as well as parathyroid hormone- and growth hormone-secreting tumors. The syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia is also described.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号