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本试验根据目前小规模手工屠宰的需要，设计了一套禁食休息，隔日屠宰，小群隔离的宰前抗应激处理措施。并对５０头商品猪（５个品种组合１０个屠宰轮次）进行了宰后肉质检测，未发现ＰＳＥ（水样肉）等应激微候。肉的ｐＨ值、肉色、系水力、滴水损失、拿破率、烹煮损失、多汁感均正常或优良。因此，这些宰前抗应激措施对当前尚未规范化的小规模屠率单位有实际参考价值。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2015,(10):66-69
为了探讨并比较电击驱赶应激反应对法国皮特兰猪和中国东北民猪这2个品种的纯种猪肉品质和生理生化指标的影响,选用的这2个品种的育肥猪均为氟烷基因显性纯合子型(HalNN),避免由于基因型不同造成的肉品质差异。结果表明:屠宰后皮特兰猪的肌肉温度(0 min和45min)和滴水损失均高于民猪,差异极显著(P0.01);民猪的肉色和肌肉剪切力均高于皮特兰猪,差异极显著(P0.01)。两个品种应激组的猪肌肉温度(0 min)均有升高趋势,民猪的剪切力和滴水损失较对照组明显提高且差异显著(P0.05;P0.01)。血清中乳酸含量,皮特兰猪均极显著高于民猪(P0.01);且同一品种猪的应激组与对照组进行对比,血清中乳酸和葡萄糖含量差异极显著(P0.01),应激组明显高于对照组。品种间肝糖原含量差异不显著,但同一品种猪在应激组与对照组之间差异极显著,应激显著降低了肝糖原的含量(P0.01)。说明应激促使机体内肝糖原酵解加强,增加血液内葡萄糖和乳酸含量,但未见肌糖原和肌肉内乳酸含量发生变化,因此未影响猪肉品质。 相似文献
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不同强度的运输应激对肉仔鸡血液应激指标和肌肉品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本试验研究了不同强度的运输应激对肉仔鸡血液应激敏感指标和肌肉品质的影响.360只1日龄健康爱拔益加肉仔鸡公雏随机分配到5个处理中,分别为不运输且无休息的对照组,另4个处理采用2×2因子设计,处理因素分别为运输时间(45和180 min)、运输结束至屠宰的间隔时间(45和180 min).每个处理6个重复,每个重复12只鸡.46日龄时对肉仔鸡进行运输处理并采集样品.结果表明,与对照组相比,肉仔鸡血浆皮质酮水平在45 min/45 min显著升高(P＜0.05),但随运输时间和休息时间的增加又降至运输前水平;180 min/45 min组胸肌宰后24 h黄度(b*)值显著升高(P＜0.05),45 min/45 min组胸肌宰后24 h亮度(L*)值较高(P＞0.05),红度(a*)值下降幅度较大(P＞0.05).因子分析结果表明,运输时间对所测指标均无显著影响(P＞0.05).休息时间在一定程度上影响血浆皮质酮水平,运输后45 min休息组皮质酮高于180 min休息组(P=0.05).休息时间对胸肌宰后24 h的L*值(P=0.07)和a*值(P=0.02)有一定影响,180 min休息组L*值较低、a*值较高(P＞0.05).运输时间与休息时间的互作效应对所测指标的影响均不显著(P＞0.05).试验结果表明,运输应激会引起肉仔鸡血浆皮质酮升高,使机体处于较强的应激状态,但运输后较长时间的休息则有助于降低肉仔鸡的应激水平,缓解肌肉品质的下降. 相似文献
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宰前应激如热、冷、运输、机械性应激,以及屠宰操作不当等因素影响猪胴体外观及肉质.表现为皮肤毛细血管出血,全身出现红斑,甚至出现白肌肉(PSE,肉色苍白、质地松软、切面汁液渗出)或黑干肉(DFD,肉色暗、坚硬和干燥)等.笔者通过观察和试验,证实倒悬沥血时间短,可影响猪胴体外观和肉品质,出现PSE肉,引起内脏器官出血、呛水、变性等变化. 相似文献
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猪应激综合征是猪受到多种不良因素的刺激而引起的非特异性应激反应,临床上以肌肉和尾巴震颤、皮肤发白、呼吸困难为特征,屠宰后猪肉苍白、质地柔软并有水分渗出（简称水猪肉或白猪肉）,其肉质低劣,营养性及适口性下降,严重影响着养猪业和屠宰业的发展,就猪应激综合征的发病原因、临床症状及防治措施等方面进行简述,仅供参考。 相似文献
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屠宰猪的应激性疾病及预防措施龚大勋（甘肃农业大学兰州７３００７０）陈福旺（兰州市动物检疫站）屠宰猪的应激性疾病是指生猪在收购、运输、待宰和屠宰加工过程中，受到一系列高强度、长时间非特异应激因素的刺激，而发生的一类非传染染性的疾患，严重的可导致死亡。通... 相似文献
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<正> 据报导,猪的应激综合症(PSS)是受一对等位基因——氟烷效应基因控制的,它可使骨骼肌发育良好,并呈加性作用。因而,选择瘦肉率高的个体,势必增加群体的氟烷反应阳性的基因频率,导致PSS猪增加,增加劣质肉的发生。劣质肉特别是PSE肉给养猪业、肉食加工业带来很大的经济损失。因而国内外十分重视PSE肉的研究。在我国目前主要测定系水力、pH值和肉色来评定PSE肉。国外多采用加压滤纸法和加热离心法测定系水力。我国采用加压法。但加压法测定系水力时间长、程序复杂。不适于在屠宰作业线上大批快速测定的需要。为此,我们试用氧化钴试纸法在屠宰作业线上测定猪肌肉的系水力。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献