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熊蜂微孢子虫感染熊蜂(Bombus spp.)试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从引进蜂种(B.terrestris)和国内蜂种(B.lucorum)分别提取微孢子虫,在两寄主工蜂的幼虫,蛹和成蜂间进行交叉感染.结果显示两种来源的微孢子虫能相互感染其寄主蜂,且幼虫、蛹和成蜂两两间无显著差异;用国内蜂种(Blucorum)提取的微孢子虫感染四种熊蜂(B.lucorum,B.pyrosoma,B.ignitus,B.terrestris),结果显示出同一种寄主提取的微孢子虫感染不同蜂种,对原寄主的感染率高于异源寄主,但死亡率低于异源寄主,不同来源的微孢子虫对不同寄主熊蜂感染程度的不同,是不同基因型的寄主群和不同基因型的寄生群间相互影响的结果. 相似文献
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为了更好地开发和利用小峰熊蜂,试验以采自河北雾灵山地区小峰熊蜂野生蜂王与人工繁育子代蜂王为研究对象,通过观测2种蜂王的死亡率、产卵率、成群率、开始产卵日、蜂王寿命及蜂群始见工蜂日、始见雄蜂日、始见新生蜂王日、100只工蜂日、3个月后的工蜂数、3个月后的雄蜂数、新生蜂王数及新生蜂王交尾率等指标,研究野生与人工繁育的小峰熊蜂的蜂王和蜂群发育特征。结果表明:野生蜂王与子代蜂王的产卵率、成群率、开始产卵日及始见工蜂日、始见雄蜂日、始见新生蜂王日和100只工蜂日相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但子代蜂王的死亡率及新生蜂王交尾率较野生蜂王高,子代蜂王的寿命较野生蜂王短,子代蜂王的新生蜂王数较野生蜂王数少。说明现阶段小峰熊蜂人工室内繁育的蜂王所繁育的蜂群完全可以替代野生蜂王繁育的蜂群,但人工繁育的子代蜂王与野生蜂王及其蜂群的发育特征存在一定差异,这主要由它们的质量不同造成的。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2017,(9)
基于熊蜂微孢子虫16SrRNA基因序列设计了1对引物,并对引物退火温度和引物浓度等反应条件进行了优化。对所建立方法的敏感性、特异性和稳定性进行了验证后,使用该方法对40份样品进行检测。结果显示,本研究建立了一种能够特异、敏感鉴定熊蜂微孢子虫的PCR方法,对熊蜂微孢子虫总DNA的敏感性达到2.86×10-5 mg/L,可以将熊蜂微孢子虫从西方蜜蜂微孢子虫和东方蜜蜂微孢子等其他可以感染熊蜂的寄生虫中区分出来,具有良好的特异性和稳定性。通过对40份熊蜂样品进行检测结果表明,整个检测过程可以在4h内完成并具有良好的适用性。本研究建立的熊蜂微孢子虫检测方法可用于进境熊蜂的检验检疫。 相似文献
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试验测定和分析了Bombus pyrosoma、B.terrestris、B.patagiatus和B.lucorum 4种熊蜂蜂王初生重和三型蜂的喙长,结果表明:4种熊蜂的蜂王喙长与初生重均存在高度正相关性,各回归方程的相关系数均达极显著.同种熊蜂三型蜂间,蜂王喙长明显长于工蜂和雄蜂的喙长,除B.pyrosoma工蜂喙长明显长于雄蜂的喙长外,其他三个熊蜂种的工蜂与雄蜂喙长相等.同型蜂4种熊蜂间,B.pyrosoma和B.terrestris蜂王初生重和工蜂喙长分别相等,蜂王喙长和雄蜂喙长均不等,B.patagiatus和B.lucorum的蜂王初生重和三型蜂喙长分别相等,但前两者蜂王初生重明显重于后两者的,三型蜂喙长分别长于后两者的. 相似文献
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为快速检测进口熊蜂中的微孢子虫,建立了环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-mediated isothermal amplifi cation,LAMP)。针对熊蜂微孢子虫核糖体保守基因设计LAMP引物,以熊蜂微孢子虫DNA、家蚕微孢子虫DNA、蝗虫微孢子虫DNA、兔脑炎微孢子虫DNA作为LAMP反应的模板,分别采用浊度法和显色法验证LAMP引物的特异性;并将含微孢子虫基因的质粒模板10倍梯度稀释,考察方法的敏感性。结果表明,LAMP法能有效、特异地检测出熊蜂寄生微孢子虫DNA,灵敏度比PCR法高10倍。该方法简单、快速、敏感,可应用于熊蜂寄生微孢子虫的便捷检测中。 相似文献
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《中国蜂业》2014,(Z3)
【研究目的】东方蜜蜂微孢子虫(Nosema ceranae)是一种细胞内专性寄生的微孢子虫,广泛寄生于东方蜜蜂(Apis cerana)和西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera),不仅是危害蜜蜂的主要病原物之一,而且近年来国内外报道发现N.ceranae也感染重要经济昆虫-熊蜂(Bombus Latreille);【方法】采用传统生物学和电镜超微结构观察结合qPCR定量分析对N.ceranae在密林熊蜂上的致病机理进行了探讨;【结果】感染初期工蜂除取食减少和行动迟缓外无明显外观染病特征,感染后期工蜂萎靡,衰弱,飞翔无力。解剖后镜检发现中肠仅存少量孢子,但充满大量的细菌;熊蜂肠道组织切片发现N.ceranae主要经肠绒毛侵染中肠上皮细胞,核膨大并变形、线粒体体积变小甚至解体,内质网紊乱,但孢子只侵染寄主细胞质而不侵入细胞核,最终因线粒体解体,细胞破裂而导致死亡;qPCR定量分析得出在接种的34 d中肠和脂肪体中N.ceranae的感染量达到最高值,其他组织则基本未检测到;【结论】根据研究并结合前人工作,认为N.ceranae侵染熊蜂的病理过程是从中肠细胞的病理变化开始的,最后导致寄主细胞的碎裂、死亡,这一过程逐渐扩大至寄主的整个组织、器官,以致其功能丧失,严重的会导致熊蜂死亡。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献