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为探究三峡库区汉丰湖入湖支流河岸带植物分布格局及其环境特征,2013年6月在4条主要入湖支流——南河、桃溪河、头道河和东河设置12个站点,从纵向分布格局(沿河岸带上游至下游)和侧向分布格局(沿水面到高地)开展调查。结果显示,共采集到维管束植物69科、155属、171种;其中禾本科、菊科和蔷薇科种类数较多,分别为19种、16种和9种,占总种数的11.1%、9.4%和5.3%,生活型以草本为主(68.4%),其次为灌木(12.9%);草本植物鲜重、盖度和高度均值依次为(1 951.6±3 076.2)g/m2、(79.9±34.7)%和(34.2±18.3)cm;重要值较大的植物主要有枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera)、牛筋草(Eleusine indica)和金发草(Pogonatherum paniceum)。河岸带土壤容重、p H值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾的含量均值依次为(1.32±0.19)g/cm3、(7.91±0.38)、(18.22±21.45)g/kg、(60.58±68.67)mg/kg、(6.51±5.21)mg/kg和(59.42±34.33)mg/kg。典范对应分析(CCA)表明,影响河岸带植物重要值的环境因子主要是高程和土壤有机质。 相似文献
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水文节律是河岸带植物群落演替的主要驱动因子,受水文节律影响的土壤理化特性也有可能逐渐改变周边植被,为了探究周期性淹没对三峡水库消落带植物群落及其生境状况的影响,2015年8-9月,以三峡水库腹地万州段消落带为研究区域,调查分析了8个样地、24个样带、96个样方的消落带植被及土壤理化特征。结果表明,在三峡库区万州段消落带共调查到维管植物22科、47属、51种,其中禾本科、菊科、蓼科和莎草科的种类数较多;植物群落组成以草本植物为主,一年生和多年生草本植物分别占58.8%和27.5%。高程不同,群落优势种有差异,145~155 m及156~165 m区域优势度较高的物种相近,为狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、光头稗(Echinochloa crusgalli var.mitis)和醴肠(Eclipta prostrata);高程166~175 m区域优势度较高的物种为鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)和狗尾草(Setaria viridis)和狗牙根;高程156~166 m区域植物鲜重均值最高,为(2199.1±863.9)g/m2;高程166~175 m区域Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数的均值最高,分别为(2.00±0.30)和(0.85±0.06)。随着坡度等级增加,植物鲜重和盖度呈递减趋势,物种数在坡度6~15°区域最高。长江左岸消落带植物鲜重、高度、Shannon-Wiener和Pielou指数高于右岸。消落带土壤理化性质具有较高的空间异质性,土壤容重、p H、有机质、全氮、有效氮、全磷、有效磷均值分别为(1.34±0.09)g/cm3、(7.60±0.47)、(6.02±2.94)g/kg、(1.21±0.16)g/kg、(53.42±9.67)mg/kg、(0.42±0.14)g/kg、(6.55±2.82)mg/kg,其中有机质的变异系数最大,其次为有效磷和全磷。左岸消落带土壤p H、有机质、全氮和有效氮含量均值低于右岸,但左岸土壤全磷和有效磷含量高于右岸。淹没时间和土壤有效磷含量对消落带植物重要值影响较大。 相似文献
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2009年5月、7月和9月对小江流域上游至下游消落区的5个断面的土壤理化性状进行监测。结果表明,土壤容重、孔隙度、pH、有机质、全氮和全磷的总体平均值分别为1.47g/cm3、45%、7.33、16.42g/kg、0.79g/kg和0.59g/kg,变化范围分别为1.15～1.68g/cm3、37.0%～61.0%、4.04～8.72、6.64～35.69g/kg、0.40～1.42g/kg和0.36～0.94g/kg。高程150m处的土壤容重均值在7月下降、9月增加,160m处的土壤容重均值在7月增加较多,9月变化不大;不同高程处的孔隙度均值变化与土壤容重变化呈相反的变化趋势;高程160m处土壤有机质在7月有所下降,9月变化不大;各高程土壤全氮和全磷总体呈7月升高、9月下降趋势。并对消落区土壤理化性状变化的影响因素进行了初步分析。 相似文献
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三峡水库小江流域消落区土壤的理化性状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2009年5月、7月和9月对小江流域上游至下游消落区的5个断面的土壤理化性状进行监测。结果表明,土壤容重、孔隙度、pH、有机质、全氮和全磷的总体平均值分别为1.47g/cm3、45%、7.33、16.42g/kg、0.79g/kg和0.59g/kg,变化范围分别为1.15～1.68g/cm3、37.0%～61.0%、4.04～8.72、6.64～35.69g/kg、0.40～1.42g/kg和0.36～0.94g/kg。高程150m处的土壤容重均值在7月下降、9月增加,160m处的土壤容重均值在7月增加较多,9月变化不大;不同高程处的孔隙度均值变化与土壤容重变化呈相反的变化趋势;高程160m处土壤有机质在7月有所下降,9月变化不大;各高程土壤全氮和全磷总体呈7月升高、9月下降趋势。并对消落区土壤理化性状变化的影响因素进行了初步分析。 相似文献
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汉丰湖富营养化综合评价与水环境容量分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2012、2013年季节性监测了汉丰湖水体理化指标,采用综合营养状态指数法对其富营养化状态进行了评价,采用沃伦威德尔模型(Vollenweider)和狄龙模型(Dillon)计算了化学需氧量、总氮、总磷的水环境容量。结果表明:汉丰湖水质总体处于地表水Ⅱ类~Ⅳ类标准,TN 0.76~2.24 mg/L、平均1.41 mg/L,NH3-N 0.17~0.95 mg/L、平均0.41 mg/L,TP 0.010~0.106 mg/L、平均0.069 mg/L,CODMn2.34~14.60 mg/L、平均4.22 mg/L。东河区域水质优于小江干流、南河区域,秋季污染程度最轻;汉丰湖水体营养状态介于中营养到轻度富营养型,其中南河区域的营养程度相对较高;从单个评价因子看,总氮的营养状态最高,持续处于轻度、中度至重度富营养状态。汉丰湖化学需氧量、总氮、总磷水环境容量分别为37 335、109.1和1 643.84 t/a,为达到汉丰湖水功能区划Ⅱ类水的管理目标,总氮、总磷削减率分别为38%和56%。 相似文献
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分析植被恢复过程中基材土壤肥力,为进一步改进生境基材性能、完善植被混凝土生态防护技术提供科学依据。在湖北省宜昌市选择清江水布垭电站公路边坡(S样地)、高坝洲电站进厂公路边坡(G样地)和三峡大学图书馆后边坡(T样地)等3个植被混凝土生态修复边坡,采用系统布点法,在坡面5~10 cm深度处取环刀样,对生境基材多年份(2007-2012年)土壤主要肥力因子进行定量测定,并采用T-S模糊神经网络模型对肥力水平进行综合评价分析。结果表明:有机质S样地由13.34 g/kg增加至32.89 g/kg,G样地由14.78 g/kg增加至35.02 g/kg,T样地在5.65~22.87 g/kg缓慢、波动增长;土壤全氮含量S样地0.12~2.27 g/kg,G样地0.13~1.64 g/kg,T样地0.08~0.84 g/kg;速效氮含量S样地23.94~170.87 mg/kg,G样地31.70~237.51 mg/kg,T样地20.88~122.28 mg/kg;全磷变化范围S样地2.30~2.66 g/kg,G样地1.64~2.06 g/kg,T样地1.63~2.18 g/kg;速效磷S样地2007、2009年异常丰富,均在300 mg/kg以上,其余年度为36.23~154.29mg/kg,G、T样地变化规律与S样地类似;速效钾G样地波动范围在59.87~207.03mg/kg,S样地、T样地波动幅度较小且总体处于丰富水平。各样地综合肥力指数随着监测时间的推移,总体是逐渐减小趋于稳定,综合肥力指数S样地3.14~2.69,G样地3.25~2.73,T样地3.47~2.74。总体上各样地综合肥力水平呈现先增长后稳定的发展趋势,肥力综合等级处于中等向上水平。 相似文献
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为了解滨海潮间带盐沼湿地翅碱蓬生长的土壤环境,2013年7月～8月采集辽宁盘锦、辽宁庄河、天津、山东东营及江苏连云港5个不同纬度典型滨海翅碱蓬生长区域土壤,研究了其理化特征。结果表明,翅碱蓬可生长的我国滨海潮间带湿地土壤含盐量（2.5±0.5）g/kg～（19.0±6.1）g/kg、氯离子含量（1.16±0.04）g/kg～（11.27±0.3.43）g/kg、pH （7.05±0.01）～（8.96±0.01）、碱度（3.56±0.59）mmol/kg～（8.78±0.78）mmol/kg、全碳含量（7.70±1.84）mg/kg～（21.73±4.11）mg/kg,全氮含量（0.36±0.03）mg/kg～（0.87±0.04）mg/kg、无机氮含量（1.95±0.95）mg/kg～（16.10±1.57）mg/kg、速效磷含量（5.26±0.33）mg/kg～（39.98±0.61）mg/kg、速效钾含量（0.53±0.19）mg/kg～（1.77±0.01）mg/kg,其中铵氮含量（1.60±0.58）mg/kg～（8.76±0.16）mg/kg、亚硝酸盐氮含量（0.01±0.00）mg/kg～（0.11±0.00）mg/kg、硝酸盐氮含量（1.00±0.20）mg/kg～（2.54±1.09）mg/kg。土壤N:P比平均值为0.80±0.25、N:K比平均值为17.77±6.08、P:K比平均值为26.90±4.67;TC:TN比平均值为26.50±4.67。在符合这些土壤特征的滨海潮间带光滩可采用翅碱蓬进行生态修复。 相似文献
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《淡水渔业》2019,(6)
为了解乌杨调节坝正式运行初期汉丰湖水体情况,2016年10月—2017年10月对汉丰湖浮游植物群落及水质状况进行了调查。结果显示,调查期间共检出浮游植物7门58属114种,其中绿藻门和硅藻门最多,分别占39.47%和38.60%。尖针杆藻、梅尼小环藻和啮蚀隐藻等为优势种。浮游植物平均密度为8.64×10~5 ind./L;平均生物量为2.03 mg/L;其中,平均密度和生物量在2016年12月最小,2017年2—8月不断增大,10月份有所下降;四个采样点的平均密度和生物量差异均不显著。各采样点浮游植物Margalef物种丰富度指数(d_(Ma))为1.69～5.23;Shannon-Wiener指数(H’e)为1.12～2.75;Pielou均匀性指数(J_e)为0.45～0.96。水温、高锰酸盐指数、总磷、总氮、氨氮的变化范围分别为12.7～31.5℃、1.54～4.92 mg/L、0.01～0.18 mg/L、0.20～1.11mg/L、0.10～0.81 mg/L。冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,汉丰湖浮游植物与高锰酸盐指数、总磷、亚硝态氮和氨氮呈正相关,与透明度呈负相关。 相似文献
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汉丰湖入湖支流浮游植物群落结构及环境因子影响分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了准确反映汉丰湖的水环境状况,通过浮游植物监测和环境因子监测相结合,探讨汉丰湖入湖支流东河、桃溪河、南河、头道河浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水体理化因子的关系,对小江中上游开县汉丰湖4条主要支流的水体理化指标和浮游植物进行了采样分析,在东河、南河、桃溪河、头道河各设置3个监测点,于2013年3、6、9、12月各采样1次。结果表明,4条入湖支流共采集鉴定浮游植物8门、84属、218种（含变种）,以硅藻（107种）和绿藻（64种）种类居多,其次是蓝藻（31种）,这3类的种数占浮游植物总数的92.7%,其它5门的种类数较少。各支流浮游植物种类数由低到高依次为东河（83种）、桃溪河（100种）、南河（106种）、头道河（120种）,其密度均值在105数量级,南河下游浮游植物密度在夏季出现最大峰值,达到1.06×107 个/L,在大部分时段均以蓝藻占优势。水体理化指标监测数据显示,汉丰湖4条主要支流的总氮、总磷、pH、溶氧、水温、CODMn和电导率均值分别为1.00~1.61 mg/L、0.03~0.11 mg/L、7.82~8.53、6.65~7.03 mg/L、17.9~20.4℃、2.07~4.57 mg/L、269.25~522.50 μS/cm;其中,南河的总氮、CODMn较高,头道河的总磷较高,各支流的水温、溶氧、pH较为接近。浮游植物与环境因子的相关性分析表明,东河的裸藻、桃溪河的绿藻以及头道河的蓝藻密度均与水温显著相关（P<0.05）,南河的硅藻和绿藻密度与水温极显著正相关（P<0.01）,东河的甲藻密度与总磷浓度极显著相关（P<0.01）,桃溪河的硅藻和甲藻密度与总磷浓度显著相关（P<0.05）,绿藻密度与总氮浓度显著负相关（P<0.05）,硅藻密度与总氮浓度极显著负相关（P<0.01）;浮游植物分布及密度主要受水温、总氮和总磷的影响。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献
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Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) increased plasma inorganic phosphate concentration in American eels,Anguilla rostrata, in a dose-dependent fashion. This response was more marked in phosphate loaded fish. In control as well as phosphate loaded
eels the hyperphosphatemic response to D3 was associated with a sharp reduction in renal phosphate clearance relative to14C-polyethelene glycol (PEG) clearance. Glomerular filtration and urine flow rates were not affected by D3. As renal phosphate clearance, even in phosphate loaded eels, never significantly exceeded that of PEG, it is suggested that
D3 reduced the relative clearance rate of phosphate by increasing renal phosphate reabsorption rather than by reducing the tubular
secretion of phosphate. 相似文献