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1.
魏炳栋  陶浩  于维  陈群  李林 《动物营养学报》2012,(10):1939-1945
本试验旨在研究黄芪多糖(APS)对氢化可的松诱导的肉仔鸡氧化应激模型生长性能、脏器指数和抗氧化能力的影响。选用1日龄的爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡256只,按试验要求随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组(A组)和模型组(B组)饲喂不添加APS的基础饲粮,试验1组(C组)和试验2组(D组)饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.4%和0.8%APS的试验饲粮。试验预试期7 d,从第8天开始除A组(饮用蒸馏水)外,其余各组均在饮水中添加20 mg/L氢化可的松造模,连续5 d;同时C组和D组饲喂添加APS的试验饲粮至第21天。结果表明:通过在饲粮中添加APS,可改善肉仔鸡的氧化应激状态,促进动物生长,C、D组14日龄的体重和1～14日龄的平均日增重均极显著高于A、B组(P<0.01),D组21日龄的体重和1～21日龄的平均日增重均显著高于B组(P<0.05);与B组相比,APS显著提高了14日龄氧化应激状态下肉仔鸡C组的脾脏指数、C组和D组的胸腺指数(P<0.05),但对21日龄脏器指数(D组肝脏指数、C组和D组脾脏指数除外)的影响均不显著(P>0.05);与B组相比,APS还可极显著降低D组14日龄肝脏和21日龄血清中丙二醛的含量(P<0.01),并能显著提高C组21日龄肝脏中总超氧化物歧化酶的活性(P<0.05)。结果提示,APS具有缓解氢化可的松产生的氧化应激,促进动物生长、脏器指数和抗氧化能力的作用。  相似文献   

2.
本研究旨在探讨酸化剂1(复合有机酸)和酸化剂2(复合有机酸+精油)在肉鸡生产中的应用效果.试验选用1日龄Ross308健康肉仔鸡30万只,随机分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复25000只;设A、B、C三组,其中A组饲喂基础日粮,B组饲喂基础日粮+酸化剂1,C组饲喂基础日粮+酸化剂2.结果显示:①B、C组与A组相...  相似文献   

3.
为了研究花椒对肉仔鸡生长发育和免疫机能的影响,试验选用160只10日龄艾维茵肉用雏鸡,随机分成4组,每组10只,其中A组为对照组(饲喂基础日粮),B、C、D组日粮中含0.05%、0.10%、0.15%花椒,测定肉仔鸡的增重情况、新城疫抗体和免疫器官指数。结果表明:C、D组肉鸡35,45日龄体重显著高于A、B组(P<0.05),B、C、D组料重比显著低于A组(P<0.05);新城疫二免后,B、C、D组血凝抑制抗体效价显著高于A组(P<0.05);B、C、D组法氏囊指数显著高于A组(P<0.05),C、D组脾脏指数显著高于A组(P<0.05)。说明在饲料中添加0.10%～0.15%花椒能显著促进肉仔鸡的生长发育和免疫机能的提高。  相似文献   

4.
试验选择720只AA型肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡.其中对照组(A组)饲喂基础日粮+抗生素(4%黄霉素125 mg/kg),试验B、C、D组分别饲喂基础日粮添加200、400 mg/kg和600 mg/kg仙人掌提取物.试验期为42 d.试验结果表明:仙人掌提取物添加组C与对照A组相比平均日增重提高7.96%,料重比下降2.62%;粗蛋白质利用率提高13.30%,干物质和能量利用率略有提高;直肠乳酸菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌显著提高,大肠杆茵显著下降.  相似文献   

5.
试验旨在研究猪场自配小麦型饲料、自配玉米型饲料和商品配合颗粒饲料对肉猪生长性能的影响。采用对比试验设计,选用108头育肥猪随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复9头猪。A组饲喂玉米型基础料+A型预混料,B组饲喂小麦型基础料+B型小麦专用预混料,C组饲喂玉米型基础料+C型预混料,D组饲喂D型生长育肥猪配合饲料,试验期31 d。结果显示,各组间平均日采食量、日增重和料重比差异均不显著（P>0.05）;A组增重饲料成本与其他3组之间差异均不显著（P>0.05）,B组与C、D组之间均差异显著（P<0.05）,C、D组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。综合分析得出,B组获得的经济效益最高,每头平均利润达473.07元。  相似文献   

6.
大豆活性肽对肉仔鸡日粮蛋白质代谢及增重效果的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
选用180只爱拔益加肉仔鸡,采用单因子随机试验设计,分成6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复5只鸡。处理组A饲喂基础日粮;处理组B饲喂基础日粮 抗生素(黄霉素5mg/kg);处理组C、D、E、F分别饲喂基础日粮 大豆活性肽0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%(液态,含活性肽40g/kg)。结果表明,大豆活性肽添加剂可以提高蛋白质代谢率。E和F组的蛋白质代谢率分别比A组提高了2.66%和2.41%(P<0.05)。随着大豆活性肽添加浓度的提高,肉仔鸡日增重加快,饲料转化率提高。E组的日增重比对照组高2.89g(P<0.01),比抗生素组高1.84g(P<0.01)。E组料肉比比对照组低0.17(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

7.
选择1日龄健康肉仔鸡(AA鸡)120只,随机分成A、B、C、D、E5个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每个重复8只鸡,A组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B组为谷氨酰胺(glutamine,Gln)对照组,饲喂添加0.7%Gln的日粮,C、D和E组为试验组,分别饲喂添加0.4%、0.7%和1.0%α-酮戊二酸(α-ketoglutarate,AKG)的日粮,研究α-酮戊二酸对肉仔鸡生长性能和组织器官发育的影响,试验期42 d。结果表明,添加0.7%AKG可显著提高2周龄时体重及1~2周龄的平均日增重(P0.05),显著增加2周龄时十二指肠长度(P0.05),显著降低2周龄时法氏囊重量;添加0.4%和0.7%AKG显著提高6周龄法氏囊重量和指数(P0.05),显著降低6周龄时肝脏重量(P0.05)。因此,日粮添加AKG对肉仔鸡的体重、平均日增重、早期十二指肠的发育、后期法氏囊的发育有促进作用,最佳添加量为0.7%。  相似文献   

8.
本文旨在研究小麦-豆粕型饲粮中添加不同组合的非淀粉多糖酶制剂对1～21日龄肉仔鸡生产性能、养分表观利用率及小肠黏膜形态结构的影响.选用1日龄AA肉鸡360羽,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮、低能对照组饲喂低能饲粮,4个酶制剂添加组饲喂低能饲粮+0.01%酶制剂(酶制剂1组:木聚糖酶,酶制剂2组:木聚糖酶+β-葡聚糖酶,酶制剂3组:木聚糖酶+β-葡聚糖酶+β-甘露聚糖酶,酶制剂4组:木聚糖酶+β-葡聚糖酶+β-甘露聚糖酶+纤维素酶),饲养试验时间21 d.结果显示:1)酶制剂2组、酶制剂3组和酶制剂4组3种酶制剂添加组肉仔鸡的日增重和饲料表观利用率比低能对照组显著提高(P<0.05),其中酶制剂3组和酶制剂4组肉仔鸡的日增重和饲料表观利用率与正常对照组差异不显著(P>0.05).2)酶制剂3组、酶制剂4组肉仔鸡的蛋白质和能量表观利用率显著高于低能对照组(P<0.05),与正常对照组无显著差异(P>0.05).3)添加酶制剂后能使21日龄肉仔鸡小肠黏膜厚度和绒毛长度增加,隐窝深度降低,其中酶制剂4组对空肠黏膜形态结构有较好改善作用,酶制剂3组对回肠黏膜形态结构效果最好(P<0.05),各酶制剂组对十二指肠黏膜形态结构无显著影响(P>0.05).这表明酶制剂3组和酶制剂4组能提高能量表观利用率,改善低能饲粮下肉仔鸡的小肠黏膜形态结构,使肉仔鸡的生产性能提高到正常饲养水平.  相似文献   

9.
同源乳酸菌对雏鸡生长性能和盲肠菌群的影响   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  
选择1日龄从肉仔鸡90只,随机分成3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只鸡,公母各半.对照组饲喂基础目粮,饮用清水;抗生素组饲喂基础日粮+0.02%土霉素,饮用清水;乳酸茵组饲喂基础日粮,饮用清水+同源乳酸茵液[108CFU/(d·只)].试验期21 d.研究结果表明:同源乳酸菌的饲喂能够提高1～3周龄肉仔鸡的平均日增重,降低料肉比,差异显著(P<0.05);与抗生素组相比,添加同源乳酸菌能更好抑制盲肠内大肠杆茵的繁殖,增加乳酸茵的数量.  相似文献   

10.
为了探讨小麦和菜籽粕等非常规饲料资源在肉仔鸡生产中的应用,并降低磷添加水平以减少环境污染,试验选取体重相近的1日龄柳州麻花鸡150只,随机分成4组:对照组、木聚糖酶组、低磷植酸酶组、低磷复合酶组,各组雏鸡分别饲喂基础饲粮(小麦-杂粕型饲粮)、基础饲粮+木聚糖酶1 000 U/kg、75%有效磷基础饲粮+植酸酶900 U/kg、75%有效磷基础饲粮+植酸酶900 U/kg+木聚糖酶1 000 U/kg。每组设3个重复,每个重复10～15只鸡,试验期21 d。测定每组鸡的采食量和体重,计算每组鸡的日增重、日均采食量、料重比。结果:基础饲粮+木聚糖酶1 000 U/kg可显著提高肉仔鸡的体重和日增重(P0.05);75%有效磷基础饲粮+植酸酶900 U/kg的肉仔鸡增重、采食量和饲料转化率与对照组相近(P0.05);75%有效磷基础饲粮+植酸酶900 U/kg+木聚糖酶1 000 U/kg并不能进一步促进肉仔鸡生长和提高饲料转化率。结论:在小麦-杂粕型饲粮中添加木聚糖酶1 000 U/kg可显著提高肉仔鸡生长性能;植酸酶900 U/kg可替代饲粮中25%有效磷,而不影响肉仔鸡生长。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

15.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

16.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

17.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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19.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

20.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

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