共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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LI Xin ZHOU Jing-hang WEN Wan SHAO Huai-feng TUO Zheng-jun TIAN Jia MA Jin-xiang GU Ya-ling 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(6):1754-1761
The genetic parameters of milk fat percentage (FP), milk protein percentage (PP), somatic cell score (SCS), milk yield of 305 days (MYD), age at first calving (AFC),calving interval (CI) and linear classification scores (LCS) were estimated using the DHI data of 2008 to 2016 in Ningxia area of 27 444 Holstein dairy cows and type records. With the aid of DMU v 6.0 AI-REML software, DMU combined with EM algorithm and multi character animal model was used to model the influence factors of the birth season, herd, year, parity and individual additive genetic effect. The results showed that FP, PP, SCS, MYD, AFC, CI and LCS's heritability were 0.14, 0.19, 0.19, 0.31, 0.37, 0.10, 0.07, respectively. At the same time, the breeding value, genetic correlation and CPI2 values of different traits were calculated. The genetic evaluation for dairy cows in Ningxia, could be more in-depth understanding of the basic situation of the herd, to provide basic data for the construction of dairy cow breeding matching selection, planning and selection index. 相似文献
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利用2008-2016年出生的27 444头宁夏地区荷斯坦奶牛生产性能（dairy herd improvement,DHI）数据及体型线性评分数据计算乳脂率（fat percentage,FP）、乳蛋白率（protein percentage,PP）、体细胞评分（somatic cell score,SCS）、305 d产奶量（milk yield of 305 days,MYD）、初产日龄（age at first calving,AFC）、产犊间隔（calving interval,CI）和体况评分（linear classification scores,LCS）的遗传参数。利用DMU v 6.0软件,采用AI-REML模块结合EM算法并配合多性状动物模型,以季节、场、年份、胎次和动物个体加性遗传效应作为模型的影响因素。计算结果表明,宁夏地区奶牛的FP、PP、SCS、MYD、AFC、CI和LCS的遗传力分别为0.14、0.19、0.19、0.31、0.37、0.10和0.07,同时得出了奶牛不同性状的育种值、遗传相关和奶牛生产性能指数2（China performance index 2,CPI2）值。本研究通过对宁夏地区奶牛DHI数据的深挖和遗传评估,准确地把握了宁夏奶牛群体结构特征,对于奶牛的选种选配、育种规划和选择指数的构建有重要意义。 相似文献
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M. Penasa M. De Marchi R. Dal Zotto G. de Jong G. Bittante M. Cassandro 《Livestock Science》2010,131(1):52-57
The effect of the environmental level of production (ENV) on the expression of heterosis for 305-day milk, fat, protein, and fat plus protein (FP) yields, lactation average somatic cell score (LSCS), and age at first calving (AFC) was investigated in first lactation Black and White dairy cows in the Netherlands, and officially enrolled in the Dutch herd-book. Holstein Friesian (HF), Dutch Friesian (DF), and first generation (F1) crosses obtained from the mating of HF sires and DF dams (HD) were involved in the study, and data from animals with a calving date between 1990 and 2000 were used. A total of 22,930 cows with production and AFC information distributed in 3549 herds and 11,055 cows with LSCS information distributed in 2071 herds, were available. Adjusted lactation yield of milk for each herd was obtained using a model that accounted for fixed effects of herd, year and month of calving, genotype, and AFC. The overall mean of all adjusted data was computed, and 3 ENV were defined on the basis of the overall mean ± 0.5 standard deviations. Once ENV was defined, traits were analysed with a model that included fixed effects of ENV, herd nested within ENV, AFC (only production traits and LSCS), year and month of calving, genotype, and the interaction between ENV and genotype. Least squares means for the interaction effect were used to estimate heterosis and to evaluate its magnitude across ENV. Holstein Friesian achieved higher productions than DF. First generation crosses showed productions close to HF, especially in the low ENV. Estimates of heterosis for yield traits ranged from 2.4% (milk) in the high to 5.3% (fat) in the low ENV, and reduced with increasing ENV. Estimates for LSCS and AFC were low, with the exception of LSCS in the high ENV. Results suggest that the highest non-additive genetic effects for yield traits and LSCS were expressed in the most stressful ENV, i.e., the low one for production and the high one for LSCS. 相似文献
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本研究旨在探究北京地区中国荷斯坦牛干奶期长度（DPL）的变化规律及其变异对奶牛各项生产性能的影响，包括产奶性能、繁殖性能、初乳品质和乳房健康。收集了北京地区34个牧场出生于2009—2018年136 231头中国荷斯坦牛的干奶日期、生产性能记录、繁殖性能记录等。通过整理试验牛群的干奶记录，揭示了北京地区中国荷斯坦牛1胎和2胎DPL的群体规律，利用固定模型分析了胎次、产犊季节、场-产犊年和初产月龄对DPL的影响；此外，利用固定模型分析了DPL的变异对日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、首末次配种间隔（interval from first to last insemination，IFL）、产犊至首次配种间隔（interval from calving to first insemination，ICF）和初乳品质的影响，利用Logistic回归过程分析了DPL的变异对首次配种受胎率（conception rate of first insemination，CR）、首次配种56 d不返情率（56-days non-return rate of first insemination，NRR56）、难产率和乳房健康的影响。研究结果显示，北京地区中国荷斯坦牛DPL平均为58.81 d，胎次、产犊季节、场-产犊年和初产月龄均对DPL有显著影响（P<0.05）。DPL的变异对日产奶量、乳蛋白率、ICF、CR、NRR56、难产率和乳房健康有显著影响（P<0.05）。干奶期短的奶牛测定日平均乳蛋白率、CR和NRR56更高；DPL适中的奶牛测定日平均产奶量更高、乳房健康水平更好、ICF更短、难产率更低。本研究在国内利用大规模牛群数据揭示了中国荷斯坦牛DPL的群体规律，可为中国规模化奶牛场提升管理水平提供参考。 相似文献
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采用聚合酶链式反应-单链构象多态性（PCR—SSCP）技术对以海丰奶牛场588头澳系进口荷斯坦牛牛趋化因子受体1（Chemokine receptor1,CXCR1）基因的遗传多态性进行分析;采用混合动物模型分析CXCRl基因2个突变位点与测定日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、305d产奶量、305d乳脂量、305d乳蛋白量及体细胞评分7个性状的相关性,寻找可用于生产实际的分子标记。结果显示,CXCR1基因5’侧翼区-1830位点发生了A—G的突变,检测到AA、AG和GG3种基因型,频率分别为0．684、0．289和0．027,等位基因A和G的频率分别为0．828和0．172;GG基因型奶牛的日产奶量、SCS和305d产奶量均板显著高于AA基因型（P〈0．01）,而其乳脂率和乳蛋白率却显著低于AA基因型奶牛（P〈0．05）。编码区783位点仅发现AA和AC2种基因型,基因型频率分别为0．886和0．114,等住基因A和c的频率分别为0．943和0．057。AA型的个体的日产奶量、305d脂肪产量和305d蛋白产量极显著高于AC型个体,而其乳脂率、乳蛋白率和SCS却极显著低于AC型个体（P〈O．01）。结果表明,CXCR1基因遗传突变对澳系进口荷斯坦牛泌乳性状和乳房炎抗性有较大的遗传效应,可用于澳系进口荷斯坦牛的分子标记辅助选择。 相似文献
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为了探究荷斯坦牛泌乳前期体况评分（body condition score,BCS）的影响因素及BCS对生产性能和离群寿命的影响,本研究收集江苏省某大型牛场2018年1月至2020年12月共7 811头荷斯坦牛泌乳前期BCS、生产性能测定（dairy herd improvement,DHI）结果及淘汰记录,利用多因素方差分析法在分析奶牛泌乳前期BCS变化及影响因素基础上,重点分析泌乳前期BCS及其变化对泌乳性能和离群寿命的影响,利用Cox回归对泌乳前期不同BCS的荷斯坦牛生存曲线进行绘制,并对不同BCS荷斯坦牛的淘汰原因进行卡方检验。结果表明,全群泌乳前期BCS均值为（2.95 ±0.32）。胎次、产犊季节和泌乳天数对泌乳前期BCS有极显著影响（P<0.01）,1胎牛和夏季产犊的母牛泌乳前期BCS均最高;5~30、31~60、61~100 d BCS呈显著下降。泌乳前期BCS对产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分等均有极显著影响（P<0.01）。产奶量和高峰奶量随BCS的增加呈极显著下降（P<0.01）。泌乳前期BCS与产奶量、高峰奶量呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）,与乳蛋白率呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。泌乳前期BCS的变化对SCS和高峰奶量均有显著影响（P<0.05）。泌乳前期BCS对离群胎次和淘汰月龄有极显著影响（P<0.01）。生存分析表明,BCS为2.75的牛只生存概率最大。2胎和4胎母牛、冬季产犊的母牛不同BCS淘汰比例均呈极显著差异（P<0.01）;低产淘汰的牛只泌乳前期BCS淘汰分布具有极显著差异（P<0.01）。在本研究牛群中,当泌乳前期BCS为2.75时,牛只生产性能较佳且淘汰风险最低,本研究为规模化牛场荷斯坦牛泌乳前期的饲养管理提供了参考。 相似文献
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J.K Oldenbroek 《Livestock Production Science》1980,7(3):235-241
In the second generation of a crossbreeding experiment with Holstein Friesian bulls and Dutch Friesian cows the difference in additive genetic merits between Holstein Friesian and Dutch Friesian bulls (a), the heterotic effects (d) and the maternal effects (m) were calculated from the mean values of the four subpopulations with 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% Holstein Friesian genes. Significant a effects were found for milk yield, fat percentage, fat yield, protein yield, fleshiness (beef bulls and veal calves), fat covering (beef bulls), dressing percentage (veal calves), birth weight, percentage of calving difficulties and gestation period. A significant d effect was found for fat covering (beef bulls). For dressing percentage (veal calves), for the percentage of calving difficulties and of retained placenta, significant m effects were calculated. 相似文献
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Organic farming principles give rise to multifunctionality: different activities are combined at farm level to create ecological and economic synergies. These principles do however allow for different operationalisations and different farm development strategies, for example with regard to the use of external inputs or the decision whether or not to use advanced breeding technologies such as artificial insemination. Maintaining and improving diversity are therefore characteristic to organic farming. Since organic farming took off in the early 1990 s, many specialised dairy farms which tend to be more mono-functional in nature, have converted to organic, adding a new farming strategy to the diverse collection of farming strategies in organic dairy farming. All these farming strategies actually create different organic production environments for cows, which might result in different demands on selective breeding and breeding technology. This differential demand was explored in a survey, among 151 organic dairy farmers, on general farm strategy, milk production, breeding goal, choice of breed and approach to reproduction. Farmers were divided into one of two groups on each of three strategic options: a) diversification in farm business—Specialised Dairy Farming vs. Multifunctional Farming; b) intensity of milk production—Low Input vs. High Input Farming and c) naturalness of breeding—Farming with Artificial Insemination vs. Farming with Natural Service.A pair-wise comparison within each strategic option showed that each pair differed significantly with regard to farm characteristics, farm goal and animal production goals. However, there were only minor or no significant differences within each pair with regard to overall breeding goal. For each strategic option, big differences were found within each pair as regards preferred cattle breeds and crossbreeds. Farmers in the Specialised Dairy Farming and High Input Farming groups preferred milk-type cattle (Holstein and Holstein crossbreeds), while farmers in the Multifunctional Farming and Low Input Farming groups preferred various native Dutch breeds. But even farmers with a similar strategy (within one group) differed strongly in their choice of breeds and crossbreeds. These results indicate that organic farmers are going through process of learning by doing, experimenting as they search for breeds or crossbreeds that are optimally suited to their farm environment and that best agree with their farm development strategy. In this, the growing preference for keeping bulls on the farm for natural service is remarkable. 相似文献
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新疆地区荷斯坦牛乳中体细胞评分对产奶量与乳成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探究牛乳中体细胞评分（SCS）对日产奶量（DMY）和乳成分之间的关系,了解奶牛乳房的健康状况,本研究使用新疆昌吉地区规模化牛场共2 338头荷斯坦牛的33 290条DHI记录和生产性能数据,将DHI记录中的体细胞数（SCC）转化为SCS后分析SCS对DMY与乳成分的影响。运用SAS 9.2软件对产奶量和乳成分进行最小二乘方差分析及多重比较,并对SCS与产奶量和乳成分进行相关性分析,其固定效应主要包括SCS、场、年份、季节及胎次效应。结果表明：SCS、场效应、年份效应、季节效应和胎次效应均对DMY与乳成分有极显著影响（P<0.01）。随着SCS的增加,DMY和乳糖率（MLP）呈下降趋势,当SCS为0水平,且SCC为9×103~17×103个/mL时,DMY和MLP极显著高于其他SCS水平（P<0.01）;MFP和MPP呈上升趋势,当SCS为9水平,且SCC为4 529×103~4 904×103个/mL时,MFP和MPP最高。相关性分析结果显示,SCS与DMY、MLP呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）;SCS与MFP、MPP呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。因此,通过分析SCS对产奶量和乳成分间的关系,可为规模化牧场奶牛日常管理提供科学依据,预防和降低患乳房炎的风险。 相似文献
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影响北京地区荷斯坦牛牛奶尿素氮的环境及生理因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究北京地区荷斯坦牛牛奶尿素氮(MUN)的影响因素及夏季热应激相关指标对MUN的影响,实测北京地区7个牛场2016年7、8月的荷斯坦牛直肠温度和体况评分(BCS),收集北京地区68个牛场生产性能测定数据,利用固定模型分析环境和生理因素,以及4%乳脂校正乳(FCM)、乳蛋白量和体细胞分(SCS)对MUN全年测定值的影响,并重点分析夏季MUN随BCS和直肠温度的变化趋势。结果表明:数据测定月份和产犊季节对MUN影响极显著(P0.01),冬季MUN水平偏低,夏季普遍较高,春季产犊的牛MUN高于其他产犊季节;泌乳121~180 d MUN水平最高;MUN随胎次的增加显著降低(P0.05);SCS、FCM和乳蛋白率分别与MUN夏季测定值呈极显著的回归关系(P0.01);BCS对夏季MUN影响显著(P0.05),但直肠温度对MUN无显著影响(P0.05)。综上,利用产犊季节和测定月份可以预估群体MUN的水平,夏季则可通过奶牛体况变化及泌乳性能预测个体MUN,及时调整饲养管理,管控夏季奶牛健康和牛奶品质。 相似文献
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Bielfeldt JC Badertscher R Tölle KH Krieter J 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》2004,146(12):555-560
The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of fixed effects on somatic cell score (SCS) in Swiss dairy production. Monthly milk recording results were investigated against the background of changing housing conditions from tie-stall barns to loose housing systems. Zone, housing system and calving age within lactation number had a significant effect on SCS, as well as the covariables milk yield per day, fat and protein percentage and days in milk. Highest SCS was observed in cows of valley situated farms. Concerning housing system, best values were recorded in tie-stall barns (2.53). SCS was 0.08 higher during the changing period (2.61), and 0.12 higher in loose housing systems (2.65). SCS increased continuously with lactation number, but the differences between the age classes within lactation number were not significant. The lactation curves for SCS resembled inverted milk yield curves and were different between the first lactation on the one hand and higher lactations on the other hand. 相似文献
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[目的]探究江苏某牛场荷斯坦牛日产奶量和乳成分的影响因素。[方法]试验采集了该规模化牛场2018—2020年139 703条测定数据,并利用多因素方差模型对其进行系统的分析。[结果]不同胎次、测定季节、产犊季节、泌乳月对荷斯坦牛日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分、乳尿素氮均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。产奶量与乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分均存在极显著负相关。[结论]综上结果,在生产中,应结合胎次、季节、产犊时间、泌乳等多种因素,灵活调整牛群结构、生产规划和饲养管理,以实现提高产奶量和乳品质的目的。 相似文献
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我国荷斯坦青年公牛基因组选择效果分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本研究基于我国荷斯坦奶牛基因组遗传评估和生产性能测定（DHI）结果,旨在分析我国荷斯坦公牛基因组选择的效果。选择1 686头既有基因组遗传评估成绩又有后裔测定成绩的荷斯坦公牛,利用2019年12月基因组遗传评估结果及其女儿的产奶和体型性状数据,通过R软件与Excel计算公牛基因组评估结果与公牛女儿表型数据间的相关性,对我国荷斯坦青年公牛基因组选择效果进行分析。相关性分析结果表明,荷斯坦公牛的基因组性能指数（GCPI）与后裔测定性能指数（CPI）呈正相关（rs>0.3）,其中产奶量和体细胞评分的基因组育种值（GEBV）与估计育种值（EBV）呈较强的正相关（0.4 < rs < 0.8）。对公牛女儿表型数据分析结果表明,女儿产奶量、乳蛋白率、乳脂率与肢蹄评分的表型值与公牛GEBV分组趋势一致,且公牛不同产奶性状GEBV组间的女儿性状表型值大部分达到极显著差异（P<0.01）;北京及上海地区公牛产奶性状、体细胞评分和肢蹄评分的GEBV分组与女儿表型值趋势较其他省市（地区）更一致,且GEBV高组与低组之间差值均高于其他省市（地区）。基于1 686头荷斯坦公牛基因组选择及其女儿表型数据的分析结果表明,我国荷斯坦公牛的基因组遗传评估准确性较好,其中产奶量、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分和肢蹄评分的表型数据更好地反映了基因组选择的效果;北京及上海地区较其他省市（地区）更能反映我国荷斯坦公牛基因组选择的效果。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究呼和浩特近郊两个奶牛场荷斯坦奶牛体细胞数(somatic cell count,SCC)变化规律及体细胞分(somatic cell score,SCS)与乳成分的相关性。试验按常规方法采集奶样,并借助Bentley FTS/FCM 400 Combi奶牛生产性能测定仪测定奶样,然后对所得数据用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果显示,奶牛各胎次中SCC在第1胎时最低(P<0.01),在第7胎时最高(P<0.01);随着泌乳天数的增加奶样SCC亦明显增加;奶样SCC<100×103/mL到SCC>1000×103/mL的过度中,奶牛日产奶量和奶样乳糖含量明显降低(P<0.01),分别降低了6.07 kg(22.97%)和0.40%(8.06%),而奶样乳脂率和乳蛋白率显著升高(P<0.01),分别增加了0.32%(8.31%)和0.26%(8.05%)。秋、冬季奶样乳脂率要明显高于春、夏季奶样乳脂率(P<0.01),秋季奶样乳蛋白率最高,春季奶样乳蛋白率最低;春季奶样乳糖含量最高,秋、冬季奶样乳糖含量相对较低;冬季奶样SCC最高,而秋季奶样SCC则最低。SCS与日产奶量(-0.172)和乳糖含量(-0.283)之间存在极显著负相关(P<0.01),SCS与乳脂率(0.034)和乳蛋白率(0.111)之间存在极显著正相关(P<0.01)。因此,随着胎次增高,SCC有逐渐升高趋势;随着SCC的升高,日产奶量和乳糖含量有降低趋势,而乳脂率和乳蛋白率有升高趋势;季节对乳成分和SCC均有不同程度的影响;SCC对奶牛日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖含量均有明显影响。 相似文献
18.
旨在探究江苏地区荷斯坦牛体细胞数变化模式的影响因素。本研究通过对江苏地区12个奶牛场2017—2019年荷斯坦牛253 706条DHI测定日SCC记录进行分析，在划分9种SCC变化模式基础上，利用最小二乘法探究不同牧场规模、胎次、产犊季节、产犊间隔和305天产奶量对荷斯坦牛SCC变化模式的影响。结果表明，SCC模式在各因素不同水平间分布均有极显著差异（P<0.01）。其中，较低-维持模式在5 000头以上的牧场比例最高，较低-感染模式的比例最低；感染-维持模式在1 000头以下的牧场比例最高，较低-维持模式的比例最低。较低-维持模式在1胎牛的比例最高，感染-痊愈模式的比例最低；较低-感染模式在5胎牛的比例最高，较低-维持模式的比例最低。较低-感染模式在春季产犊时奶牛的比例最高，较低-维持模式的比例最低；易感-降低模式在夏季产犊时奶牛的比例最高，较低-感染模式的比例最低。较低-感染模式在产犊间隔为441 d以上的奶牛比例最高，较低-感染模式在产犊间隔为300~400 d的奶牛比例最低。较低-感染模式在305天产奶量为3 000~5 000 kg的奶牛比例最高；较低-维持模式在305天产奶量为9 001~11 000 kg的奶牛比例最高，感染-痊愈模式的比例最低。上述结果表明，不同牧场规模、胎次、产犊季节、产犊间隔和305天产奶量对荷斯坦牛SCC变化模式的分布均有一定影响，该结果为荷斯坦牛隐性乳房炎的预测提供了参考。 相似文献
19.
LIANG Yan ZHANG Qiang GAO Qisong WANG Haiyang GUO Mengling LI Mingxun ZHANG Huimin YANG Zhangping CHEN Zhi MAO Yongjiang 《畜牧兽医学报》1956,51(12):3023-3032
The objective of this study was to explore the influence factors of SCC change pattern of Holstein cows in Jiangsu. Based on the division of 9 SCC change patterns, 253 706 DHI records of Holstein cows from 2017 to 2019 in 12 dairy farms in Jiangsu province were analyzed, and the least squares model was used to explore the influence of different farm size, parities, calving seasons, calving intervals, and 305-days milk production on SCC change pattern. The results showed that the distribution of SCC patterns at different levels of each factor was significantly different (P<0.01). Among them, the percentage of lower to maintain pattern was the highest, and lower to infection pattern was the lowest for cows in farm with more than 5 000 cows. The percentage of infected to maintain pattern was the highest, and lower to maintain pattern was the lowest for cows in farm with less than 1 000 cows. The percentage of lower to maintain pattern was the highest, and infected to healed pattern was the lowest for cows with parity 1. The percentage of lower to infection pattern was the highest, and lower to maintain pattern was the lower for cows with parity 5. The percentage of lower to infection pattern was the highest, and lower to maintain pattern was the lowest for cows calving in spring. The percentage of susceptible to reduce pattern was the highest, lower to infection pattern was the lowest for cows calving in summer. The percentage of lower to infection pattern was the highest for cows with calving interval more than 441 d, and lowest for cows with calving interval with 300-400 d. The percentage of lower to infection pattern was the highest for cows with 305-days milk production of 3 000-5 000 kg. The percentage of lower to maintain pattern was the highest, and infected to healed pattern was the lowest for cows with 305-days milk production was 9 001-11 000 kg. The results indicate that different farm sizes, parities, calving seasons, calving interval, and levels with 305-days milk production have certain influences on the distribution of the SCC change patterns in Holstein cows. The results provide references for the prediction of subclinical mastitis in Holstein cows. 相似文献
20.
不同选择指数对中国荷斯坦种公牛综合育种值排名的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究旨在探讨包含不同性状的综合选择指数对荷斯坦种公牛排队的影响。收集了全国199个牛场的664 284头荷斯坦牛产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳脂量、乳蛋白量、体细胞数以及35 281头荷斯坦牛的体型性状。然后采用多性状动物模型BLUP法预测生产性状和体型性状的育种值,计算3种不同综合选择指数下47头种公牛的综合育种值,并对其排队进行了比较。结果显示,使用包含产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分4个性状的综合选择指数（TMI1）和包含乳脂量、乳蛋白量、体细胞评分3个性状的综合选择指数（TMI2）对公牛的排队一致性很高,秩相关为0.94;只包含生产性状的综合选择指数（TMI1、TMI2）和加入了体型性状的综合选择指数（TMI3）对公牛的排队差异很大,秩相关分别为0.76和0.67。这些结果提示,乳脂量、乳蛋白量可以替代产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率纳入综合选择指数,体型性状进入综合选择指数对评价种公牛综合遗传素质具有重要作用。 相似文献