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1.
《华北农学报》2015,(Z1)
为明确云南不同稻作生态区水稻高产育种性状的选择目标。以粳稻丽江新团黑谷孕穗期耐冷近等基因系(十和田4//丽江新团黑谷/十和田)BC4F8群体的105个家系为材料,采用方差分析、主成分分析、逐步回归和通径分析,深入探讨云南寒冷粳稻区、冷凉粳稻区和籼粳交错区水稻育种中各农艺性状对单株籽粒产量的调控规律。结果表明,单株穗数、穗颈长、穗下节长、穗长、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数和穗粒数以基因型控制为主,株高、剑叶长、秕粒数、单株稻草干质量和单株生物产量变异主要是环境差异所致,剑叶宽、倒2叶宽、实粒数、结实率、千粒质量和单株籽粒产量以基因型×环境互作为主。主成分分析表明,影响单株籽粒产量的主成分因子是单株穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量、结实率、剑叶长宽、花药发育、穗抽出度和干物质积累。逐步回归和通径分析表明,寒冷粳稻区决定单株籽粒产量的主导因子依次为千粒质量结实率一次枝梗数,其共同决定单株籽粒产量83.1%的变异,且均有较大的直接正效应调控作用;冷凉粳稻区为结实率1-2节长剑叶长穗颈长,共同决定单株籽粒产量87.2%的变异,其中结实率和剑叶长对单株籽粒产量有较大的正效应;籼粳交错区为穗粒数千粒质量单株稻草干质量剑叶宽单株穗数花药体积,共同决定单株籽粒产量85.5%的变异,6个性状均对单株籽粒产量有直接的正效应。根据产量结构因子的多重统计分析,在云南寒冷和冷凉粳稻区实现高产的途径是选择重穗与穗粒协调的品种;而在籼粳交错区是选择大穗、大粒及多穗的品种。 相似文献
2.
早稻苗期耐冷性的品种间差异及其评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了筛选适宜于早稻机插袂栽培的苗期耐冷性品种,2012年以19个早稻品种为材料,采用3种人工低温(6.0,8.0,10.0℃)和常温(CK)处理,则定了与幼苗耐冷性相关的6项生理生化指标。结果表明:(1)在3种低温处理条件下,幼苗电导率、含水量、叶绿素含量、MDA含量、可溶性糖含量、POD活性均与常温条件下(CK)的差异显著,可作为苗期耐冷性鉴定的评价指标。(2)除了幼苗叶绿素含量外,其他5项指标的品种间变异系数均以10.0℃处理最大,是苗期耐冷性鉴定的最适宜低温处理。(3)根据所则定的上述5项生理生化指标,利用隶属函数法和聚类分析将19个早稻品种分为3个耐冷性等级:强耐冷性品种(株两优505等6个品种),中耐冷性品种(中优1号等8个品种),冷敏感性品种(株两优06等5个品种)。 相似文献
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4.
直播早籼稻品种芽期耐冷性鉴定研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
低温胁迫是水稻生产面临的重要非生物胁迫之一,鉴定水稻种质资源芽期耐冷性,筛选耐冷品种对水稻生产具有重要意义。以江西地区主推的33份早籼杂交稻品种和8份常规稻为试验材料,设置12个芽期低温胁迫处理,以死苗率为指标探讨了早籼稻芽期耐冷性的适宜鉴定方法。同时在8℃低温处理10d,恢复生长后调查其成苗率、苗高、根长、根数、地上部生物量、根系生物量和根冠比。运用主成分分析、模糊隶属函数法和聚类分析法来探讨直播早稻芽期的耐冷性评价方法及筛选耐冷品种。结果表明,8℃低温处理10d,直播早籼稻品种死苗率的方差和变异幅度大,能较好地鉴别品种间耐冷性差异,是直播早籼稻芽期耐冷性鉴定的最合理方式;杂交稻品种的耐冷性强于常规稻;低温胁迫后成苗率、苗高、根长、根数、地上部生物量、根系生物量和根冠比基本低于25℃对照处理;利用主成分分析将7个单项指标转化为3个独立的综合指标（CI1、CI2、CI3）,主成分分析表明,根系生物量和地上部生物量最能代表直播早籼稻对低温胁迫后的响应情况,可作为芽期耐冷性鉴定的评价指标。通过聚类分析,将41份早籼稻品种划分为3类,筛选出陵两优7108、两优287、锦两优816等9份强耐冷品种,株两优1号、潭两优83、株两优22等15份中度耐冷品种,温229、中早33、五丰优157等17份冷敏感品种。这些品种可以进一步为耐冷育种和生产服务。 相似文献
5.
强耐冷性水稻新品系J07-23抗氧化系统对长期冷水胁迫的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了阐明强耐冷性水稻对长期冷水胁迫抗性的生理基础, 以水稻新品系J07-23和冷敏感的栽培稻秀子糯为试验材料, 研究长期冷水胁迫(19℃)下参试材料在开花期剑叶活性氧代谢、抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化剂含量的变化以及成熟后的穗部性状。结果表明, 在长期冷水胁迫下, 秀子糯剑叶的O2产生速率、H2O2含量和MDA含量显著增加, 抗氧化系统中SOD、CAT和GR活性显著升高; J07-23剑叶H2O2含量显著增加, 而O2产生速率和MDA含量无显著变化。J07-23的抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、POD、APX和GR)活性极显著升高, 抗氧化剂(AsA和GSH)含量及AsA/DHA值和GSH/GSSG值也显著增加。依据耐冷性评价标准, J07-23具有极强耐冷性, 冷水胁迫下高的抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量是其耐冷性的生理生化基础。 相似文献
6.
东北地区易发生低温冷害,筛选耐冷性强的玉米种质资源,选育优良耐冷品种是目前亟待解决的问题。本试验以沈阳农业大学特种玉米所提供的30份甜玉米自交系为试验材料,利用人工气候箱模拟低温环境条件,对不同甜玉米自交系进行低温胁迫和标准发芽试验,分别测定发芽率、活力指数、苗长、根长、苗干、鲜重、根干、鲜重等指标,并计算各个指标相对值、隶属函数值及综合D值等耐冷性评价指标,对30份自交系的耐冷性进行综合评价。采用聚类分析的方法将自交系分为耐冷性强、耐冷性中等、低温敏感3类,其T12和T21是耐冷性强自交系,T10和T27是低温敏感自交系。本试验采用低温处理的方法筛选出一批耐冷性强的自交系,为甜玉米耐冷品种的选育及生理生化、分子生物学研究提供了优良多样的基因资源。 相似文献
7.
粳稻丽江新团黑谷近等基因系孕穗期耐冷性指标性状的遗传分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在阿子营低温冷害条件下,以十和田×(十和田和丽江新团黑谷BC3 F9)配制的BC4F1、BC4F2及亲本为材料,采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,对粳稻丽江新团黑谷作耐冷基因供体培育的近等基因系孕穗期耐冷性8个指标性状进行遗传研究.结果表明,结实率和穗颈长均属于2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因遗传,主基因遗传率分别为80.11％和75.06％;株高为2对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性多基因遗传,主基因遗传率为44.39％;穗下节长属于2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传,主基因遗传率为57.36％;穗长为2对主基因加性-显性-上位性遗传;每穗实粒数为2对主基因加性-显性遗传;每穗秕粒数为2对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因遗传;总粒数为1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传. 相似文献
8.
为建立水稻耐冷育种的新途径,开展了本项试验研究。结果是：①在１５℃下愈伤组织净生长量与供体品种孕穗期的耐冷性呈显著的正相关,其中２５天的相关系数最大。②１５℃下选择的愈伤组织的无性系中６２．５％的无性系耐冷性明显强于供体品种。③体细胞无性系２、３代的广义遗传力高。④供体品种孕穗期的耐冷性与耐冷变异体率呈极显著的负相关,与感冷变异体率呈正相关。根据上述试验结果,认为１５℃冷温作胁迫条件,愈伤组织生长量作形态指标,２５天作一个选择周期反复选择多次耐冷愈伤组织系的方法,作为粳稻体细胞耐冷变异体的诱导筛选技术 相似文献
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10.
氯化钙对低温胁迫下番茄幼苗的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究氯化钙如何影响番茄冷胁迫过程,得出氯化钙提高番茄幼苗耐冷性机制,进行了冷害指数调查、生理指标测定。使用光照培养箱低温处理耐冷型‘O-33-1’和冷敏感型‘NY2000’,依照氯化钙处理浓度的不同记为CK、T1、T2、T3,对不同处理调查冷害指数,测定叶绿素含量,测定丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。研究表明,冷胁迫外源喷施氯化钙时,‘O-33-1’冷害指数、MDA含量、POD含量先下降后升高,叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、SOD活性先升高后下降;‘NY2000’冷害指数先下降后上升,SOD活性先升高后下降,MDA含量不断升高,叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量基本不变,POD则表现得没有规律。不同品种响应氯化钙提高耐冷性表现出差异;低温胁迫下,叶绿素的降解受到抑制从而提高了番茄幼苗耐冷性;耐冷性的提高与外源氯化钙导致抗氧化酶活性提高有关。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
16.
Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
17.
Summary
Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases. 相似文献
18.
J. T. Fletcher 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):33-49
Summary Cultivars of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and peppers have been bred for resistance to one or more pathogens. Some tomato and cucumber cultivars have resistance to a wide range of diseases. Resistance has been transient in many cases and a succession of cultivars with new genes or new combinations of resistance genes has been necessary to maintain control. There has been a number of notable exceptions and these have included durable resistance to such pathogens asFulvia fulva and tomato mosaic virus. With lettuce the resistance situation is complicated by the occurrence of fungicide resistant pathotypes. There are no strains ofAgaricus bisporus purposely bred for disease resistance.In protected flower crops only resistance to Fusarium wilt in carnations has been purposely bred but differences in disease resistance are apparent in cultivars of many ornamental crops. This is particularly so in chrysanthemums where there are cultivars with resistance to many of the major pathogens. Similar situations occur with other flower crops and pot plants. Cultivars of some species have not been systematically investigated for resistance.The need for genetic resistance will increase with the further reduction, in the limits on pesticide use and an increasing public awareness and importance of pesticide pollution.ADAS is an executive agency of the Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food and the Welsh Office. 相似文献
19.
Relation between wheat-rye crossability and seed set of common wheat after pollination with other species in the Hordeae 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) of high wheat-rye (Secale cereale L.) crossability set more seed with pollen of other related species than did wheats of low wheat-rye crossability. This was found to be true for pollen parents from the genera Triticum, Aegilops, Secale, Agropyron and Elymus. 相似文献
20.
Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献